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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 有机原料

    有机原料

    有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工，粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业，煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国，早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物，以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。

    基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有：氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类（如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃）、芳香烃类（如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯）等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中，可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料；通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料；适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料；从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃；通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化，可以制得合成气；由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外，还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。

    有机原料的应用范围广泛，主要可分为三个方面：一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料，即聚合反应单体；二是用于其他有机化学工业，包括精细化工产品的原料；三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础，在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (N,N-diethylamino)methyldibutylphosphine oxide 25409-81-8 C13H30NOP
    (N,N-diethylamino)methyldibutylphosphine oxide
    —— 4-bromo-2-chloro-1-(difluoromethoxy)benzene 1062614-42-9 C7H4BrClF2O
    4-bromo-2-chloro-1-(difluoromethoxy)benzene
    —— calcium methanedisulfonate 819-17-0 CH2O6S2*Ca
    calcium methanedisulfonate
    —— 2-hydroxy-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-benzo[7]annulen-5-one 3470-51-7 C11H12O2
    2-hydroxy-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-benzo[7]annulen-5-one
    —— [p-phenylenebis(methylene)]bis[triphenylphosphonium] dichloride 1519-47-7 C44H38P2*2Cl
    [p-phenylenebis(methylene)]bis[triphenylphosphonium] dichloride
    —— (2Z)-2-hydroxyimino-N-(2-methylphenyl)acetamide 1132-03-2 C9H10N2O2
    (2Z)-2-hydroxyimino-N-(2-methylphenyl)acetamide
    —— 4-(2-nitrovinyl)phenol 3179-08-6 C8H7NO3
    4-(2-nitrovinyl)phenol
    —— 1,5-bis(diisopropylphosphino)pentane 188642-92-4 C17H38P2
    1,5-bis(diisopropylphosphino)pentane
    —— 2-(2-(benzyloxy)phenyl)propan-2-amine 1095005-66-5 C16H19NO
    2-(2-(benzyloxy)phenyl)propan-2-amine
    —— (E)-2-(hydroxyimino)-N-(o-tolyl)acetamide 1132-03-2 C9H10N2O2
    (E)-2-(hydroxyimino)-N-(o-tolyl)acetamide
    —— 1-(diphenylmethyl)-2,2-dimethylazetidin-3-one 159556-72-6 C18H19NO
    1-(diphenylmethyl)-2,2-dimethylazetidin-3-one
    —— 3-bromo-5-methylbenzaldehyde 1611-92-3 C8H7BrO
    3-bromo-5-methylbenzaldehyde
    —— 2-phenylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-6-carbonitrile 214958-29-9 C14H9N3
    2-phenylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-6-carbonitrile
    —— [4-(trifluoromethyl)benzenesulfonato-κO]silver 2923-28-6 Ag*C7H4F3O3S
    [4-(trifluoromethyl)benzenesulfonato-κO]silver
    —— ethyl 4'-bromobiphenyl-4-carboxylate 84337-85-9 C15H13BrO2
    ethyl 4'-bromobiphenyl-4-carboxylate
    —— Dimethylammonium radical cation 124-40-3 C2H7N
    Dimethylammonium radical cation
    —— (3S,4R)-tert-butyl 3-fluoro-4-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate 1610418-19-3 C11H20FNO3
    (3S,4R)-tert-butyl 3-fluoro-4-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate
    —— 2-arachidonyl-glycerol 35474-99-8 C23H38O4
    2-arachidonyl-glycerol
    —— 4-bromo-N-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N-phenylaniline 949910-86-5 C19H16BrNO
    4-bromo-N-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N-phenylaniline
    —— 1,1′-ferrocenediboronic acid pinacol ester 737776-93-1 C22H32B2FeO4
    1,1′-ferrocenediboronic acid pinacol ester
    —— pentafluorophenylammonium triflate 912823-79-1 CHF3O3S*C6H2F5N
    pentafluorophenylammonium triflate
    —— trimethoxysilylethyl-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane 137407-65-9 C9H26O4Si3
    trimethoxysilylethyl-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane
    —— trans-4'-Pentyl-(1,1'-bicyclohexyl)-4-carboxylic acid 65355-33-1 C18H32O2
    trans-4'-Pentyl-(1,1'-bicyclohexyl)-4-carboxylic acid
    —— 4-phenyl-2-oxazolidinone 86217-38-1 C9H9NO2
    4-phenyl-2-oxazolidinone
    —— methyl 2-(2-bromo-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl)acetate 4697-57-8 C11H13BrO4
    methyl 2-(2-bromo-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl)acetate
    —— bis(3,5-dimethylphenyl)phosphine oxide 187344-92-9 C16H19OP
    bis(3,5-dimethylphenyl)phosphine oxide
    —— N-(3-bromophenyl)-N-methylmethanesulfonamide 875917-18-3 C8H10BrNO2S
    N-(3-bromophenyl)-N-methylmethanesulfonamide
    —— 3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)(methyl)amino)butanoic acid 844439-97-0 C10H19NO4
    3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)(methyl)amino)butanoic acid
    —— N-erucamidopropyl-N,N-dimethylamine 149968-48-9 C27H54N2O
    N-erucamidopropyl-N,N-dimethylamine
    —— silver(I) acetylacetonate 15525-64-1 C5H7AgO2
    silver(I) acetylacetonate
    —— N-(pyridin-2-yl)propionamide 13606-94-5 C8H10N2O
    N-(pyridin-2-yl)propionamide
    —— cis-1,4-Diaminocyclohexane 15827-56-2 C6H14N2
    cis-1,4-Diaminocyclohexane
    —— 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate sodium salt 108392-02-5 C39H72O8P*Na
    1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate sodium salt
    —— 4-((2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)azo)benzenesulphonic acid 2050-34-2 C12H10N2O5S
    4-((2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)azo)benzenesulphonic acid
    —— sodium 3-aminobenzenesulfonate 1126-34-7 C6H6NO3S*Na
    sodium 3-aminobenzenesulfonate
    —— potassium methacrylate 6900-35-2 C4H5O2*K
    potassium methacrylate
    —— 2-(2-iodoethoxy)ethanol 130536-69-5 C4H9IO2
    2-(2-iodoethoxy)ethanol
    —— ethyl 4-chloro-2,2-dimethylbutanoate 53840-29-2 C8H15ClO2
    ethyl 4-chloro-2,2-dimethylbutanoate
    —— 4-Oxopent-2-en-2-olate;vanadium(2+);hydrate 3153-26-2 C10H16O5V
    4-Oxopent-2-en-2-olate;vanadium(2+);hydrate
    —— thienyl vinyl ketone 13191-29-2 C7H6OS
    thienyl vinyl ketone
    —— 2-chloro-N-(5-sulfamoyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)acetamide 14949-02-1 C4H5ClN4O3S2
    2-chloro-N-(5-sulfamoyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)acetamide
    —— bis(1,2,3,4,5-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)hafnium dichloride 85959-83-7 C20H30Cl2Hf
    bis(1,2,3,4,5-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)hafnium dichloride
    —— N-methyl-4-(4-morpholinyl)-3-nitrobenzenesulfonamide 1300027-07-9 C11H15N3O5S
    N-methyl-4-(4-morpholinyl)-3-nitrobenzenesulfonamide
    —— Tetrasodium;2-[2-[carboxylatomethyl(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxymethyl)amino]acetate;tetrahydrate 13235-36-4 C10H22N2Na4O12+2
    Tetrasodium;2-[2-[carboxylatomethyl(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxymethyl)amino]acetate;tetrahydrate
    —— (+)-Cyclosativene 22469-52-9 C15H24
    (+)-Cyclosativene
    —— longicyclene 1137-12-8 C15H24
    longicyclene
    —— iron(2+);octadecanoate 2980-59-8 C72H140FeO8-2
    iron(2+);octadecanoate
    —— 1,1-dimethylethyl methyl(2-oxopropyl)carbamate 532410-39-2 C9H17NO3
    1,1-dimethylethyl methyl(2-oxopropyl)carbamate
    —— (1,2-dibromo-2-cyclobutylethyl)cyclobutane 7429-37-0 C10H16Br2
    (1,2-dibromo-2-cyclobutylethyl)cyclobutane
    —— cyclohexylthiophosphonic acid dichloride 1498-63-1 C6H11Cl2PS
    cyclohexylthiophosphonic acid dichloride