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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 有机原料

    有机原料

    有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工，粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业，煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国，早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物，以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。

    基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有：氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类（如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃）、芳香烃类（如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯）等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中，可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料；通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料；适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料；从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃；通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化，可以制得合成气；由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外，还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。

    有机原料的应用范围广泛，主要可分为三个方面：一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料，即聚合反应单体；二是用于其他有机化学工业，包括精细化工产品的原料；三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础，在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— cadmium;(Z)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one 14689-45-3 C10H16CdO4
    cadmium;(Z)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one
    —— europium;(E)-5-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylhept-4-en-3-one 15522-71-1 C33H60EuO6
    europium;(E)-5-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylhept-4-en-3-one
    —— Bis(triphenylphosphine)copper(I) borohydride 16903-61-0 C36H30BCuP2
    Bis(triphenylphosphine)copper(I) borohydride
    —— Copper;(E)-1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoro-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one 14781-45-4 C10H4CuF12O4
    Copper;(E)-1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoro-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one
    —— Magnesium;methanidyl-dimethyl-phenylsilane;chloride 107735-20-6 C9H13ClMgSi
    Magnesium;methanidyl-dimethyl-phenylsilane;chloride
    —— [(2R)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate 113770-65-3 C20H19Cl2N3O5S
    [(2R)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate
    —— (3Z)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one silver 15525-64-1 C5H8AgO2
    (3Z)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one silver
    —— Magnesium;1,4-dimethoxybenzene-6-ide;bromide 62890-98-6 C8H9BrMgO2
    Magnesium;1,4-dimethoxybenzene-6-ide;bromide
    —— Acetic acid;trifluoroborane 373-61-5 C4H8BF3O4
    Acetic acid;trifluoroborane
    —— Magnesium;pent-1-ene;bromide 34164-50-6 C5H9BrMg
    Magnesium;pent-1-ene;bromide
    —— Magnesium Cyclopropane Bromide 23719-80-4 C3H5BrMg
    Magnesium Cyclopropane Bromide
    —— Magnesium;cyclobutane;bromide 13384-48-0 C4H7BrMg
    Magnesium;cyclobutane;bromide
    —— cerium;(Z)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one 15653-01-7 C15H24CeO6
    cerium;(Z)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one
    —— calcium;(2R,3R,4R,5R)-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroxy-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyhexanoate 110638-68-1 C24H42CaO24
    calcium;(2R,3R,4R,5R)-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroxy-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyhexanoate
    —— Copper Methanesulfonate 54253-62-2 C2H6CuO6S2
    Copper Methanesulfonate
    —— Propan-2-olate;ytterbium(3+) 6742-69-4 C9H21O3Yb
    Propan-2-olate;ytterbium(3+)
    —— Bis(acetonitrile)(1,5-cyclooctadiene)rhodium(i) tetrafluoroborate 32679-02-0 C12H18BF4N2Rh-
    Bis(acetonitrile)(1,5-cyclooctadiene)rhodium(i) tetrafluoroborate
    —— Magnesium;2-methanidyl-2-methylpropane;chloride 13132-23-5 C5H11ClMg
    Magnesium;2-methanidyl-2-methylpropane;chloride
    —— 4-[difluoro(3,4,5-trifluorophenoxy)Methyl]-4'-pentyl-1,1'-bi(cyclohexyl) 208338-52-7 C24H33F5O
    4-[difluoro(3,4,5-trifluorophenoxy)Methyl]-4'-pentyl-1,1'-bi(cyclohexyl)
    —— 4-Methylbenzylmagnesium chloride 29875-07-8 C8H9ClMg
    4-Methylbenzylmagnesium chloride
    —— Magnesium 2-methylpropan-2-olate 32149-57-8 C8H18MgO2
    Magnesium 2-methylpropan-2-olate
    —— (E)-1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoro-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;nickel 14949-69-0 C10H4F12NiO4
    (E)-1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoro-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;nickel
    —— 7-(Benzyloxy)-4-bromo-1H-indole 476622-92-1 C15H12BrNO
    7-(Benzyloxy)-4-bromo-1H-indole
    —— (-)(<i>S</i>)-(1-acetoxy-propyl)-cyclohexane 2114-32-1 C11H20O2
    (-)(<i>S</i>)-(1-acetoxy-propyl)-cyclohexane
    —— Erbium(III) trifluoromethanesulfonate 139177-64-3 C3ErF9O9S3
    Erbium(III) trifluoromethanesulfonate
    —— Levalbuterol sulfate 148563-16-0 C26H44N2O10S
    Levalbuterol sulfate
    —— Magnesium;bromobenzene;bromide 111762-31-3 C6H4Br2Mg
    Magnesium;bromobenzene;bromide
    —— (2S,3S)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid;2-(dimethylamino)ethanol 5988-51-2 C8H17NO7
    (2S,3S)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid;2-(dimethylamino)ethanol
    —— Manganese glycerophosphate 1320-46-3 C3H7MnO6P
    Manganese glycerophosphate
    —— Bietanautine 6888-11-5 C35H41N9O9
    Bietanautine
    —— 4-(4-ethaneylcyclohexyl)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid 84976-67-0 C15H26O2
    4-(4-ethaneylcyclohexyl)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid
    —— 1-(2,6,6,8-tetramethyl-8-tricyclo[5.3.1.01,5]undecanyl)ethanone 73398-84-2 C17H28O
    1-(2,6,6,8-tetramethyl-8-tricyclo[5.3.1.01,5]undecanyl)ethanone
    —— 2-methoxy-6-(methylsulfonyl)pyridine-3-amine 1578246-41-9 C7H10N2O3S
    2-methoxy-6-(methylsulfonyl)pyridine-3-amine
    —— calcium mesotartrate 815-79-2 C4H4O6*Ca
    calcium mesotartrate
    —— 5-nitro-1,4,4a,9a-tetrahydro-anthraquinone 56281-39-1 C14H11NO4
    5-nitro-1,4,4a,9a-tetrahydro-anthraquinone
    —— 5-amino-3-(2-methoxy-6-methyl-pyridin-3-yl)-pyrazole-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester 1375637-52-7 C15H20N4O3
    5-amino-3-(2-methoxy-6-methyl-pyridin-3-yl)-pyrazole-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester
    —— 3-(2-methoxy-6-methyl-pyridin-3-yl)-3-oxo-propionitrile 1375637-50-5 C10H10N2O2
    3-(2-methoxy-6-methyl-pyridin-3-yl)-3-oxo-propionitrile
    —— 2-aminoethyl-H-phosphinic acid 85618-16-2 C2H8NO2P
    2-aminoethyl-H-phosphinic acid
    —— (1R,3R,5R)-benzyl 2-azabicyclo<3.3.0>octane-3-carboxylate hydrochloride 93779-29-4 C15H19NO2*ClH
    (1R,3R,5R)-benzyl 2-azabicyclo<3.3.0>octane-3-carboxylate hydrochloride
    —— N-(2-fluoro-4-nitrophenyl)methanesulfonamide 57164-96-2 C7H7FN2O4S
    N-(2-fluoro-4-nitrophenyl)methanesulfonamide
    —— (+)-3-Chloro-1-butene 563-52-0 C4H7Cl
    (+)-3-Chloro-1-butene
    —— tert-butyl 5-bromo-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-1-carboxylate 1111638-13-1 C12H15BrN2O2
    tert-butyl 5-bromo-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-1-carboxylate
    —— tetramethylammonium triacetoxyborohydride 109704-53-2 C4H12N*C6H10BO6
    tetramethylammonium triacetoxyborohydride
    —— 2-chloro-5-(oxetan-3-yl)pyridine 1400997-64-9 C8H8ClNO
    2-chloro-5-(oxetan-3-yl)pyridine
    —— 3α-Acetoxy-Δ<sup>9(11)</sup>-cholensaeure-methylester 30365-63-0 C27H42O4
    3α-Acetoxy-Δ<sup>9(11)</sup>-cholensaeure-methylester
    —— N-(dimethoxymethyl)-N-methylethanamine 929286-43-1 C6H15NO2
    N-(dimethoxymethyl)-N-methylethanamine
    —— Mg(acac)<sub>2</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>2</sub> 68488-07-3 C10H18MgO6
    Mg(acac)<sub>2</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>2</sub>
    —— 2-deoxy-D-ribono1,4-lactone 34371-14-7 C5H8O4
    2-deoxy-D-ribono1,4-lactone
    —— Bis(tetrabutylammonium) dichromate 56660-19-6 C32H72Cr2N2O7
    Bis(tetrabutylammonium) dichromate
    —— 2-amino-2-(5-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)propanoic acid hydrochloride 1374765-83-9 C9H9BrFNO2*ClH
    2-amino-2-(5-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)propanoic acid hydrochloride