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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 有机原料

    有机原料

    有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工，粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业，煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国，早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物，以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。

    基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有：氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类（如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃）、芳香烃类（如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯）等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中，可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料；通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料；适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料；从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃；通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化，可以制得合成气；由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外，还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。

    有机原料的应用范围广泛，主要可分为三个方面：一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料，即聚合反应单体；二是用于其他有机化学工业，包括精细化工产品的原料；三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础，在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 5-(Butan-2-yl)-1,3-dimethyl-5-(prop-2-en-1-yl)-1,3-diazinane-2,4,6-trione 115-44-6 C13H20N2O3
    5-(Butan-2-yl)-1,3-dimethyl-5-(prop-2-en-1-yl)-1,3-diazinane-2,4,6-trione
    —— Pentafluorphenyl-dimethyl-phosphinoxid 5525-96-2 C8H6F5OP
    Pentafluorphenyl-dimethyl-phosphinoxid
    —— potassium methylsiliconate 18089-65-1 CH5O3Si*K
    potassium methylsiliconate
    —— 3-octylaniline 118198-99-5 C14H23N
    3-octylaniline
    —— Disodium;2-[2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)azaniumyl]ethyl-(carboxylatomethyl)azaniumyl]acetate;dihydrate 6381-92-6 C10H18N2Na2O10
    Disodium;2-[2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)azaniumyl]ethyl-(carboxylatomethyl)azaniumyl]acetate;dihydrate
    —— 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate) 165689-82-7 C41H82O22P4
    1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate)
    —— [(2R)-2-hexadecanoyloxy-3-[hydroxy-[(2R,3R,5S,6R)-2,4,6-trihydroxy-3,5-diphosphonooxycyclohexyl]oxyphosphoryl]oxypropyl] hexadecanoate 214282-36-7 C41H81O19P3
    [(2R)-2-hexadecanoyloxy-3-[hydroxy-[(2R,3R,5S,6R)-2,4,6-trihydroxy-3,5-diphosphonooxycyclohexyl]oxyphosphoryl]oxypropyl] hexadecanoate
    —— 4-(3-Phenylprop-2-enoylamino)benzoic acid 54057-59-9 C16H13NO3
    4-(3-Phenylprop-2-enoylamino)benzoic acid
    —— (+/-)-Benzyl-(1-methyl-2-phenyl-ethyl)-amin hydrochlorid, (+/-)-N-Benzyl-amphetamin hydrochorid 1085-43-4 C16H19N*ClH
    (+/-)-Benzyl-(1-methyl-2-phenyl-ethyl)-amin hydrochlorid, (+/-)-N-Benzyl-amphetamin hydrochorid
    —— (4-ethyl-2-heptadec-8-enyl-4,5-dihydro-oxazol-4-yl)-methanol 68140-98-7 C23H43NO2
    (4-ethyl-2-heptadec-8-enyl-4,5-dihydro-oxazol-4-yl)-methanol
    —— 2-Propenoic acid, 3-[5-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-furanyl]-, (E)- 62806-39-7 C13H9NO5
    2-Propenoic acid, 3-[5-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-furanyl]-, (E)-
    —— 4-chloro-N-cyclopropylbenzenesulfonamide 354128-89-5 C9H10ClNO2S
    4-chloro-N-cyclopropylbenzenesulfonamide
    —— 18-hydroxycorticosterone 561-65-9 C21H30O5
    18-hydroxycorticosterone
    —— potassium perfluorooctanoate 2395-00-8 C8F15O2*K
    potassium perfluorooctanoate
    —— D,L-α-3-Hydroxy-dicyclopentadien 875-20-7 C10H12O
    D,L-α-3-Hydroxy-dicyclopentadien
    —— α-hydroxydicyclopentadiene 875-20-7 C10H12O
    α-hydroxydicyclopentadiene
    —— anti-Hydroxyldienol 875-20-7 C10H12O
    anti-Hydroxyldienol
    —— 1-Dicyclopentadienol 875-20-7 C10H12O
    1-Dicyclopentadienol
    —— (2S)-8-methoxy-1',3',3'-trimethyl-6-nitrospiro[chromene-2,2'-indole] 1498-89-1 C20H20N2O4
    (2S)-8-methoxy-1',3',3'-trimethyl-6-nitrospiro[chromene-2,2'-indole]
    —— (2R)-8-methoxy-1',3',3'-trimethyl-6-nitrospiro[chromene-2,2'-indole] 1498-89-1 C20H20N2O4
    (2R)-8-methoxy-1',3',3'-trimethyl-6-nitrospiro[chromene-2,2'-indole]
    —— 3-butyloxirane-2-carbaldehyde 58936-30-4 C7H12O2
    3-butyloxirane-2-carbaldehyde
    —— exo-2-norbornyl chloride 765-91-3 C7H11Cl
    exo-2-norbornyl chloride
    —— Menisperin 25342-82-9 C21H26NO4
    Menisperin
    —— Tropine benzylate 3736-36-5 C22H25NO3
    Tropine benzylate
    —— 2, 6-bis(4-methoxybenzylidene)cyclohexanone 6275-32-7 C22H22O3
    2, 6-bis(4-methoxybenzylidene)cyclohexanone
    —— (R)-1,1,2-Trimethyl-cyclohexane 7094-26-0 C9H18
    (R)-1,1,2-Trimethyl-cyclohexane
    —— 2-Phenylmethoxybenzoate 14389-86-7 C14H11O3-
    2-Phenylmethoxybenzoate
    —— 3-Allyl-5-(1-methylpyridin-2(1H)-ylidene)rhodanine 34330-15-9 C12H12N2OS2
    3-Allyl-5-(1-methylpyridin-2(1H)-ylidene)rhodanine
    —— N-(benzothiazol-2-yl)-3,3-diphenylpropanamide 313480-47-6 C22H18N2OS
    N-(benzothiazol-2-yl)-3,3-diphenylpropanamide
    —— Methyl-N,S-diacetylcysteinat 19547-88-7 C8H13NO4S
    Methyl-N,S-diacetylcysteinat
    —— <i>N</i><sup>6</sup>-hexanoyl-DL-lysine 30664-73-4 C12H24N2O3
    <i>N</i><sup>6</sup>-hexanoyl-DL-lysine
    —— endo,endo-5,6-Dideuterio-syn-7-norbornenylbromid 20047-65-8 C7H9Br
    endo,endo-5,6-Dideuterio-syn-7-norbornenylbromid
    —— (+)-Feist's acid 499-02-5 C6H6O4
    (+)-Feist's acid
    —— 2-(4,8-dioxo-1,3-dioxa-6-aza-2-strontacyclooctan-6-yl)-5,9-dioxo-4H,5H,9H-thieno[2,3-e]1,3-dioxa-2-strontacyclooctane-3-carbonitrile 135459-87-9 C12H10N2O8SSr
    2-(4,8-dioxo-1,3-dioxa-6-aza-2-strontacyclooctan-6-yl)-5,9-dioxo-4H,5H,9H-thieno[2,3-e]1,3-dioxa-2-strontacyclooctane-3-carbonitrile
    —— Cholesterylhydrogenphthalat 6732-01-0 C35H50O4
    Cholesterylhydrogenphthalat
    —— Taurodeoxycholat 516-50-7 C26H45NO6S
    Taurodeoxycholat
    —— Taurodeoxycholsaeure 516-50-7 C26H45NO6S
    Taurodeoxycholsaeure
    —— Taurodesoxycholsaeure 516-50-7 C26H45NO6S
    Taurodesoxycholsaeure
    —— trans-Perhydroisoindol 1470-99-1 C8H15N
    trans-Perhydroisoindol
    —— (<i>R</i>)-4-<i>tert</i>-butyl-oxazolidine-2,5-dione 3981-38-2 C7H11NO3
    (<i>R</i>)-4-<i>tert</i>-butyl-oxazolidine-2,5-dione
    —— Hexahydroisoindolin 1470-99-1 C8H15N
    Hexahydroisoindolin
    —— trans-Hexahydroisoindolin 1470-99-1 C8H15N
    trans-Hexahydroisoindolin
    —— Zinn(IV)-methoxid 14794-99-1 4CH3O*Sn
    Zinn(IV)-methoxid
    —— hydroxy-methanesulfonic acid; monosodium salt 870-72-4 CH3O4S*Na
    hydroxy-methanesulfonic acid; monosodium salt
    —— Titanium tris(dodecylbenzenesulfonate)isopropoxide 61417-55-8 C57H98O10S3Ti
    Titanium tris(dodecylbenzenesulfonate)isopropoxide
    —— N-Oleyl-1,3-propanediamine diacetate 7173-67-3 C21H44N2.2C2H4O2
    N-Oleyl-1,3-propanediamine diacetate
    —— endo-cis-Bicyclo-<2.2.1>-heptan-2,3-dimethanol 5062-97-5 C9H16O2
    endo-cis-Bicyclo-<2.2.1>-heptan-2,3-dimethanol
    —— 2-Hydrazino-4,7,8-trimethylquinoline 793727-49-8 C12H15N3
    2-Hydrazino-4,7,8-trimethylquinoline
    —— Potassium hydrogen peroxymonosulfate 70693-62-8 H3K5O18S4
    Potassium hydrogen peroxymonosulfate
    —— (2S,3R,4E)-N-(1,3-dihydroxyoctadec-4-en-2-yl)-12-(7-nitrobenzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazol-4-ylamino)dodecanamide 202850-01-9 C36H61N5O6
    (2S,3R,4E)-N-(1,3-dihydroxyoctadec-4-en-2-yl)-12-(7-nitrobenzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazol-4-ylamino)dodecanamide