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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 有机原料

    有机原料

    有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工，粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业，煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国，早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物，以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。

    基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有：氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类（如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃）、芳香烃类（如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯）等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中，可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料；通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料；适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料；从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃；通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化，可以制得合成气；由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外，还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。

    有机原料的应用范围广泛，主要可分为三个方面：一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料，即聚合反应单体；二是用于其他有机化学工业，包括精细化工产品的原料；三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础，在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-(tert-Butoxy)-2-oxoethylzinc chloride 321745-86-2 C6H11ClO2Zn
    2-(tert-Butoxy)-2-oxoethylzinc chloride
    —— 2-Propanol, iron(3+) salt (9CI) 14995-22-3 C3H8FeO
    2-Propanol, iron(3+) salt (9CI)
    —— Formaldehyde;hydride;ruthenium(2+);triphenylphosphane;chloride 16971-33-8 C55H48ClOP3Ru
    Formaldehyde;hydride;ruthenium(2+);triphenylphosphane;chloride
    —— Pyridoxine dipalmitate 31229-74-0 C38H67NO5
    Pyridoxine dipalmitate
    —— Nickel gluconate 71957-07-8 C12H22NiO14
    Nickel gluconate
    —— Agenap 1338-24-5 C21H38O4
    Agenap
    —— (3S,5S,10S,13R,14R,17R)-10,13-dimethyl-17-[(Z,2R)-5-propan-2-ylhept-5-en-2-yl]-2,3,4,5,6,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol 23290-26-8 C29H48O
    (3S,5S,10S,13R,14R,17R)-10,13-dimethyl-17-[(Z,2R)-5-propan-2-ylhept-5-en-2-yl]-2,3,4,5,6,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol
    —— Disodium 1-lauryl sulfosuccinate 19040-44-9 C17H30Na2O7S
    Disodium 1-lauryl sulfosuccinate
    —— Acetic acid, hydroxysulfino-, disodium salt 223106-41-0 C2H2Na2O5S
    Acetic acid, hydroxysulfino-, disodium salt
    —— Navarixin 862464-58-2 C23H28N2O6
    Navarixin
    —— 2-arachidonoyl glycerol-d<sub>8</sub> 924894-97-3 C23H38O4
    2-arachidonoyl glycerol-d<sub>8</sub>
    —— 2-(2-Hydrazinylethyl)-1-methylpyrrolidine hydrochloride 1269292-40-1 C7H18ClN3
    2-(2-Hydrazinylethyl)-1-methylpyrrolidine hydrochloride
    —— Imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine hydrochloride 6840-21-7 C6H6ClN3
    Imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine hydrochloride
    —— 6 beta-Hydroxy Norgestrel 55555-97-0 C21H28O3
    6 beta-Hydroxy Norgestrel
    —— 20734-58-1 C14H18N2
    —— Milstein catalyst 863971-63-5 C20H34N2OPRu
    Milstein catalyst
    —— 2-(Ethylamino)-o-propionotoluidide Hydrochloride 35891-75-9 C12H19ClN2O
    2-(Ethylamino)-o-propionotoluidide Hydrochloride
    —— (E)-5-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylhept-4-en-3-one;nickel 14481-08-4 C22H40NiO4
    (E)-5-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylhept-4-en-3-one;nickel
    —— Zirconium(IV) hexafluoroacetylacetonate 19530-02-0 C20H8F24O8Zr
    Zirconium(IV) hexafluoroacetylacetonate
    —— (2E)-2-(5-amino-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)-2-(1-butoxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl)oxyiminoacetic acid 76028-96-1 C11H16N4O5S
    (2E)-2-(5-amino-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)-2-(1-butoxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl)oxyiminoacetic acid
    —— Cycloocta-1,5-diene;1-[2-(2,5-diethylphospholan-1-yl)phenyl]-2,5-diethylphospholane;rhodium;tetrafluoroborate 213343-64-7 C30H48BF4P2Rh-
    Cycloocta-1,5-diene;1-[2-(2,5-diethylphospholan-1-yl)phenyl]-2,5-diethylphospholane;rhodium;tetrafluoroborate
    —— Isometheptene monomucate 7492-31-1 C15H29NO8
    Isometheptene monomucate
    —— 4-Ethylmorpholine bis(4-oxo-4-(p-tolyl)butanoate) 171054-89-0 C28H37NO7
    4-Ethylmorpholine bis(4-oxo-4-(p-tolyl)butanoate)
    —— tert-butyl 4-(4-formyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)piperidine-1-carboxylate 915370-15-9 C13H20N4O3
    tert-butyl 4-(4-formyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)piperidine-1-carboxylate
    —— Methyl 3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-phenylsulfanyloxane-2-carboxylate 62812-42-4 C19H22O9S
    Methyl 3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-phenylsulfanyloxane-2-carboxylate
    —— Potassium antimonyl d-tartrate 28300-74-5 C8H10K2O15Sb2
    Potassium antimonyl d-tartrate
    —— Calcium borogluconate 5743-34-0 C12H20B2CaO16
    Calcium borogluconate
    —— Ammonium chromic sulfate dodecahydrate 10022-47-6 CrH30NO20S2+2
    Ammonium chromic sulfate dodecahydrate
    —— Chloropentakis(methylamine)cobalt dichloride 15392-59-3 C5H25Cl2CoN5
    Chloropentakis(methylamine)cobalt dichloride
    —— Carbonylchlorobis(triphenylphosphine)iridium(I) 14871-41-1 C37H32ClIrOP2-
    Carbonylchlorobis(triphenylphosphine)iridium(I)
    —— azanium;N-hydroxy-N'-oxidooxamide 5164-15-8 C2H7N3O4
    azanium;N-hydroxy-N'-oxidooxamide
    —— 1,4a-Dimethyl-7-propan-2-yl-2,3,4,4b,5,6,10,10a-octahydrophenanthrene-1-carboxylic acid;copper 10248-55-2 C20H30CuO2
    1,4a-Dimethyl-7-propan-2-yl-2,3,4,4b,5,6,10,10a-octahydrophenanthrene-1-carboxylic acid;copper
    —— Azanide;hydrogen carbonate;platinum(2+) 123439-82-7 C2H10N4O6Pt-4
    Azanide;hydrogen carbonate;platinum(2+)
    —— 2-Ethylhexanoate;niobium(3+) 73227-23-3 C24H45NbO6
    2-Ethylhexanoate;niobium(3+)
    —— Methyl glucoside dioleate 82933-91-3 C43H78O8
    Methyl glucoside dioleate
    —— Ruthenium(2+) bis(2,3,4,5,5-pentamethylcyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-ide) 84821-53-4 C20H30Ru
    Ruthenium(2+) bis(2,3,4,5,5-pentamethylcyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-ide)
    —— 1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, potassium salt 3609-96-9 C6H8KO7
    1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, potassium salt
    —— Ruthenium(2+) bis(2-ethylcyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-ide) 32992-96-4 C14H18Ru
    Ruthenium(2+) bis(2-ethylcyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-ide)
    —— Tris(cyclopentadienyl)yttrium 1294-07-1 C15H15Y
    Tris(cyclopentadienyl)yttrium
    —— 5-(Chloromethyl)-7-ethoxy-2-(trifluoromethyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine 1000932-47-7 C9H8ClF3N4O
    5-(Chloromethyl)-7-ethoxy-2-(trifluoromethyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine
    —— 6'-Chloro-1'H-spiro[piperidine-4,2'-quinazolin]-4'(3'H)-one 731762-03-1 C12H14ClN3O
    6'-Chloro-1'H-spiro[piperidine-4,2'-quinazolin]-4'(3'H)-one
    —— Iron(II) citrate 23383-11-1 C12H10Fe3O14
    Iron(II) citrate
    —— (S)-3-hydroxy-3-(pyridin-4-yl)propanenitrile 676563-19-2 C8H8N2O
    (S)-3-hydroxy-3-(pyridin-4-yl)propanenitrile
    —— Zinc methacrylate 13189-00-9 C8H10O4Zn
    Zinc methacrylate
    —— samarium(3+);trifluoromethanesulfonate 52093-28-4 C3F9O9S3Sm
    samarium(3+);trifluoromethanesulfonate
    —— Lithium tartrate 30903-88-9 C4H4Li2O6
    Lithium tartrate
    —— (S,S)-(+)-N,N'-Bis(3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylidene)-1,2-diaminocyclohexylmanganese(III) chloride 135620-04-1 C36H52ClMnN2O2
    (S,S)-(+)-N,N'-Bis(3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylidene)-1,2-diaminocyclohexylmanganese(III) chloride
    —— Magnesium citrate, Mg3(C6H5O7)2 7779-25-1 C6H8MgO7+2
    Magnesium citrate, Mg3(C6H5O7)2
    —— cobalt(2+);2,4-ditert-butyl-6-[[(1S,2S)-2-[(3,5-ditert-butyl-2-oxidophenyl)methylideneamino]cyclohexyl]iminomethyl]phenolate 188264-84-8 C36H52CoN2O2
    cobalt(2+);2,4-ditert-butyl-6-[[(1S,2S)-2-[(3,5-ditert-butyl-2-oxidophenyl)methylideneamino]cyclohexyl]iminomethyl]phenolate
    —— 2,2',2''-(1,3,5-benzenetriyl)tris[3-methylpyridine] 252358-83-1 C24H21N3
    2,2',2''-(1,3,5-benzenetriyl)tris[3-methylpyridine]