有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工,粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业,煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国,早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物,以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。
基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有:氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类(如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃)、芳香烃类(如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯)等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中,可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料;通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料;适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料;从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃;通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化,可以制得合成气;由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外,还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。
有机原料的应用范围广泛,主要可分为三个方面:一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料,即聚合反应单体;二是用于其他有机化学工业,包括精细化工产品的原料;三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础,在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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1-甲基-5-溴-3-吲哚甲酸 | 5-bromo-1-methyl-1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid | 400071-95-6 | C10H8BrNO2 |
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1-甲基-5-丙基-1H-吡唑-3-甲酸 | 1-methyl-5-propyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid | 247583-70-6 | C8H12N2O2 |
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1-甲基-5-三氟甲基-1H-吡唑-4-羧酸 | 1-methyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid | 119083-00-0 | C6H5F3N2O2 |
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1-甲基-5-(二氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-4-羧酸乙酯 | ethyl 1-methyl-5-difluoromethylpyrazole-4-carboxylate | 851725-98-9 | C8H10F2N2O2 |
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1-甲基-5-(三丁基锡基)咪唑 | N-methyl-5-(tributylstannyl)imidazole | 147716-03-8 | C16H32N2Sn |
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1-甲基-4-苯基吡啶离子 | 4-phenyl-N-methylpyridinium iodide | 36913-39-0 | C12H12N*I |
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1-甲基-4-苯基乙炔苯 | 4-(phenylethynyl)toluene | 3287-02-3 | C15H12 |
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1-甲基-4-苯基-4-羟基哌啶 | 1-methyl-4-phenyl-piperidin-4-ol | 4972-68-3 | C12H17NO |
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1-甲基-4-碘-吡唑 | 4-iodo-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole | 39806-90-1 | C4H5IN2 |
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1-甲基-4-硝基咪唑 | 1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazole | 3034-41-1 | C4H5N3O2 |
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1-甲基-4-硝基-3-吡唑羧酸甲酯 | methyl 1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate | 400877-57-8 | C6H7N3O4 |
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1-甲基-4-硝基-3-丙基-(1H)-吡唑-5-甲酰胺 | 1-methyl-4-nitro-3-propyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide | 139756-01-7 | C8H12N4O3 |
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1-甲基-4-硝基-2-(三氟乙酰)-1H-吡咯 | 1-methyl-4-nitro-2-trichloroacetylpyrrole | 120122-47-6 | C7H5Cl3N2O3 |
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1-甲基-4-硝基-1H-咪唑-2-羧酸 | 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazole-2-carboxylic acid | 109012-24-0 | C5H5N3O4 |
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1-甲基-4-硝基-1H-吲唑 | 1-Methyl-4-nitro-indazol | 26120-43-4 | C8H7N3O2 |
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1-甲基-4-硝基-1H-吡唑-5-羧酸 | 1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid | 92534-69-5 | C5H5N3O4 |
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1-甲基-4-硝基-1H-吡唑-5-甲酰胺 | 2-methyl-4-nitropyrazole-3-carboxamide | 92534-72-0 | C5H6N4O3 |
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1-甲基-4-硝基-1H-吡唑-3-羧酸 | 1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid | 4598-86-1 | C5H5N3O4 |
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1-甲基-4-甲酸乙酯-5-吡唑磺酰胺 | ethyl 1-methyl-5-sulfamoylpyrazole-4-carboxylate | 88398-81-6 | C7H11N3O4S |
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1-甲基-4-溴吡唑 | 4-bromo-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole | 15803-02-8 | C4H5BrN2 |
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1-甲基-4-氯哌啶盐酸盐 | 4-chloro-1-methylpiperidine hydrochloride | 5382-23-0 | C6H12ClN*ClH |
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1-甲基-4-氯哌啶 | 4-chloro-1-methylpiperidine | 5570-77-4 | C6H12ClN |
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1-甲基-4-氧代环己烷羧酸 | 1-methyl-4-oxocyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid | 24463-41-0 | C8H12O3 |
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1-甲基-4-哌啶醇 | N-methyl-4-hydroxypiperidine | 106-52-5 | C6H13NO |
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1-甲基-4-哌啶甲醇 | 1-methyl-4-piperidinemethanol | 20691-89-8 | C7H15NO |
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1-甲基-4-哌啶乙酸 | 2-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)acetic acid | 87647-06-1 | C8H15NO2 |
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1-甲基-4-哌啶丙胺 | 3-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)propylamine | 622369-83-9 | C9H20N2 |
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1-甲基-4-(吡咯烷-1-基-羰基)-哌啶 | (1-methyl-4-piperidyl)pyrrolidin-1-ylmethanone | 613678-14-1 | C11H20N2O |
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1-甲基-4-(4-甲基戊基)-3-环己烯-1-甲醛 | Vernaldehyde | 66327-54-6 | C14H24O |
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1-甲基-4-(2-甲基环氧乙烷基)-7-氧杂双环[4.1.0]庚烷 | α-limonene diepoxide | 96-08-2 | C10H16O2 |
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1-甲基-4-(1-甲基乙烯基)环己醇乙酸酯 | β-terpinyl acetate | 10198-23-9 | C12H20O2 |
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1-甲基-4,5-二氧代-3-吡咯烷羧酸乙酯 | 4-carbethoxy-2,3-dioxo-1-methylpyrrolidine | 5336-42-5 | C8H11NO4 |
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1-甲基-3-间甲苯吡唑-5-胺 | 1-methyl-3-(m-tolyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-amine | 1017665-60-9 | C11H13N3 |
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1-甲基-3-苯基茚 | 1-methyl-3-phenylindan | 6416-39-3 | C16H16 |
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1-甲基-3-苯基丙胺 | (R)-1-methyl-3-phenylpropylamine | 937-52-0 | C10H15N |
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1-甲基-3-环己烯羧酸 | 1-methyl-3-cyclohexenecarboxylic acid | 16646-42-7 | C8H12O2 |
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1-甲基-3-氨基-吡唑并[3,4-b]吡啶 | 1-methyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-3-amine | 72583-83-6 | C7H8N4 |
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1-甲基-3-氨基-4-氰基吡唑 | 3-amino-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile | 21230-50-2 | C5H6N4 |
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1-甲基-3-氧代环丁烷-1-腈 | 1-methyl-3-oxocyclobutane-1-carbonitrile | 32082-17-0 | C6H7NO |
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1-甲基-3-氧代-2-吡咯烷酮 | 1-methylpyrrolidine-2,3-dione | 42599-26-8 | C5H7NO2 |
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1-甲基-3-戊基溴化咪唑 | 1-pentyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide | 343851-31-0 | Br*C9H17N2 |
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1-甲基-3-吡咯烷酮 | 1-methylpyrrolidin-3-one | 68165-06-0 | C5H9NO |
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1-甲基-3-丙基氯化咪唑 | 1-methyl-3-propyl-1H-imidazolium chloride | 79917-89-8 | C7H13N2*Cl |
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1-甲基-3-丙基-1H-吡唑-5-甲酸乙酯 | 1-Methyl-3-n-propylpyrazole-5-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 133261-07-1 | C10H16N2O2 |
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1-甲基-3-三氟甲基-4-溴-1H-吡唑 | 4-bromo-1-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole | 497832-99-2 | C5H4BrF3N2 |
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1-甲基-3-三氟甲基-1H-吡唑-4-胺 | 1-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-amine | 1006436-44-7 | C5H6F3N3 |
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1-甲基-3-三氟甲基-1H-吡唑-4-羧酸 | 1-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid | 113100-53-1 | C6H5F3N2O2 |
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1-甲基-3-[6-(甲基亚磺酰基)己基]咪唑对甲苯磺酰盐 | 3-methyl-1-[6-(methanesulfinyl)hexan-1-yl]-1H-imidazolium p-toluenesulfonate | 1352947-66-0 | C7H7O3S*C11H21N2OS |
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1-甲基-3-[(1E)-3,3,3-三氟-1-甲氧基-1-丙烯-2-基]苯 | 1-Methyl-3-(3,3,3-trifluoro-1-methoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)benzene | 819865-99-1 | C11H11F3O |
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1-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)吡唑-4-硼酸酸 | (1-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)boronic acid | 1138450-30-2 | C5H6BF3N2O2 |
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