有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工,粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业,煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国,早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物,以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。
基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有:氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类(如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃)、芳香烃类(如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯)等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中,可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料;通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料;适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料;从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃;通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化,可以制得合成气;由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外,还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。
有机原料的应用范围广泛,主要可分为三个方面:一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料,即聚合反应单体;二是用于其他有机化学工业,包括精细化工产品的原料;三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础,在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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2-[5-(4-甲氧基苯基)-1,3,4-恶二唑-2-基]乙酸 | (5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-[1,3,4]oxadiazol-2-yl)acetic acid | 415679-24-2 | C11H10N2O4 |
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2-[5-(3-氯苄基硫代)-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-硫代]-N-苯乙酰胺 | 2-[5-(3-Chlorobenzylthio)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylthio]-N-phenylacetamide | 494763-23-4 | C17H14ClN3OS3 |
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2-[5-(3-氯苄基硫代)-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-基硫代]-N-(3,4-二氯苯基)乙酰胺 | 2-[5-(3-Chlorobenzylthio)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylthio]-N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)acetamide | 353254-79-2 | C17H12Cl3N3OS3 |
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2-[5-(2-氟苯甲酰基)-2-噻吩基]乙腈 | 2-[5-(2-Fluorobenzoyl)-2-thienyl]acetonitrile | 303144-50-5 | C13H8FNOS |
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2-[4-[4-(氰基甲基)苯基]苯基]乙腈 | 2,2'-(biphenyl-4,4'-diyl)diacetonitrile | 7255-83-6 | C16H12N2 |
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2-[4-[4-(三氟甲基)苯甲酰胺基]]]苯甲基4,6-二(二甲氨基)-嘧啶-5-乙酸甲酯 | [4,6-bisdimethylamino-2-[4-(4-trifluoromethylbenzoylamino)benzyl]pyrimidin-5-yl]acetic acid methyl ester | 1413122-74-3 | C26H28F3N5O3 |
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2-[4-[4-(三氟甲基)苯甲酰胺基]]]苯甲基4,6-二(二甲氨基)-嘧啶-5-乙酸 | BI-671800 | 1093108-50-9 | C25H26F3N5O3 |
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2-[4-[(3R,5R,8R,9S,10S,12S,13R,14S,17R)-3,12-二羟基-10,13-二甲基-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-十四氢-1H-环戊并[a]菲-17-基]戊酰氨基]乙烷磺酸 | Taurodeoxycholic acid | 516-50-7 | C26H45NO6S |
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2-[4-(二甲氨基)吡啶-2-基]-N,N-二甲基吡啶-4-胺 | 4,4'-bis(dimethylamino)-2,2'-bipyridine | 85698-56-2 | C14H18N4 |
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2-[4-(乙酰基苯基氨基)丁-1,3-二烯基]-3-乙基苯并恶唑鎓碘化物 | 2-[4-(<i>N</i>-acetyl-anilino)-buta-1,3-dienyl]-3-ethyl-benzoxazolium; iodide | 5217-54-9 | C21H21N2O2*I |
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2-[4-(三氟甲基)苯基]-1H-咪唑 | 2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-imidazole | 34898-30-1 | C10H7F3N2 |
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2-[4-(三氟甲基)]苯基-4-甲基-5-噻唑甲酸乙酯 | ethyl 4-methyl-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)thiazole-5-carboxylate | 175277-03-9 | C14H12F3NO2S |
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2-[4-(5-溴嘧啶-2-基)哌嗪-1-基]乙醇 | 2-(4-(5-bromopyrimidin-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl)ethanol | 849021-42-7 | C10H15BrN4O |
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2-[3-碘-4-(3-碘-4-磺酸基氧基苯氧基)苯基]乙酸 | 3,3'-Diiodothyroacetic acid sulfate | 92060-33-8 | C14H10I2O7S |
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2-[3-(二异丙胺基)-1-苯丙基l]-4-甲基苯酚 | N,N-diiso-propyl-3-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-3-phenylpropanamine | 124936-74-9 | C22H31NO |
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2-[3-(三氟甲基)苯氧基]烟酸 | 2-(3-Trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-nicotinic acid | 36701-89-0 | C13H8F3NO3 |
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2-[3-(4-叔丁基苯基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5-基]乙酸 | 2-[3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl]acetic acid | 194419-32-4 | C14H17N3O2 |
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2-[3-(1-氰基-1-甲基乙基)-5-(羟甲基)苯基]-2-甲基丙腈 | 2-[3-(cyano-dimethyl-methyl)-5-hydroxymethyl-phenyl]-2-methyl-propionitrile | 120511-88-8 | C15H18N2O |
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2-[3-(1,3-二氧代异吲哚-2-基)-2-羟基丙基]异吲哚-1,3-二酮 | N,N'-(2-Hydroxypropandiyl)-diphthalimid | 73825-95-3 | C19H14N2O5 |
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2-[3,4-二羟基-5-(3-甲基丁-2-烯基)苯基]-5,7-二羟基-3-甲氧基苯并吡喃-4-酮 | Uralenol-3-methylether | 150853-98-8 | C21H20O7 |
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2-[2-[2-氯-3-[2-(1,3-二氢-1,1,3-三甲基-2H-苯并[e]吲哚-2-亚基)亚乙基]-1-环己烯-1-基]乙烯基]-1,1,3-三甲基-1H-苯并[e]吲哚 4-甲基苯磺酸盐 | 2-[2-[2-chloro-3-[2-(1,3-dihydro-1,1,3-trimethyl-2H-benzo[e]-indol-2-ylidene)ethylidene]-1-cyclohexen-1-yl]ethenyl]-1,1,3-trimethyl-1H-benzo[e]indolium p-toluenesulfonate | 134127-48-3 | C7H7O3S*C40H40ClN2 |
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2-[2-[2-[2-[2-(羧基甲氧基)乙氧基]乙氧基]乙氧基]乙氧基]乙酸 | 3,6,9,12,15-pentaoxaheptadecanedioic acid | 77855-75-5 | C12H22O9 |
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2-[2-[(2-乙己基)氧]乙氧基]-乙醇 | diethylene glycol mono(2-ethylhexyl)ether | 1559-36-0 | C12H26O3 |
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2-[2-(甲基氨基)乙氧基]乙醇 | 2-[2-(methylamino)ethoxy]ethanol | 85475-01-0 | C5H13NO2 |
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2-[2-(四氢糠基氧基)乙氧基]乙醇 | 2-<2-(Tetrahydrofurfuryloxy)-aethoxy>-aethanol | 52814-38-7 | C9H18O4 |
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2-[2-(二丙基氨基)乙基]-6-硝基苯乙酸盐酸盐 | <2-nitro-6-<2-(N,N-di-n-propylamino)ethyl>phenyl>acetic acid hydrochloride | 91374-25-3 | C16H24N2O4*ClH |
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2-[2-(二(羧甲基)氨基)乙基-[(2S)-2-(二(羧甲基)氨基)-3-(4-异硫氰酸基苯基)丙基]氨基]乙酸 | S-2-(4-isothiocyanatobenzyl)-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid | 102650-30-6 | C22H28N4O10S |
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2-[2-(丙-2-烯基氨基甲酰基)苯氧基]乙酸 | (2-allylcarbamoyl-phenoxy)-acetic acid | 119-45-9 | C12H13NO4 |
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2-[2-(Boc-氨基)乙氧基]乙氧基乙酸 二环己基铵盐 | N-t-butyloxycarbonyl-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic acid dicyclohexylamine | 560088-79-1 | C11H21NO6*C12H23N |
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2-[2-(4-甲基苯基)-1,1-二氧并-6-苯基-4H-硫代吡喃-4-基]-丙腈 | 4H-1,1-dioxo-4-dicyano-methylidene-2-p-tolyl-6-phenylthiopyran | 135215-38-2 | C21H14N2O2S |
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2-[2-(4-甲基-3-环己烯基-1)丙基]环戊酮 | 2-(2-(4-methyl-3-cyclohexen-1-yl)propyl)cyclopentanone | 95962-14-4 | C15H24O |
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2-[2-(3-氨基丙氧基)乙氧基]乙醇 | 2-[2-(3-amino-propoxy)-ethoxy]-ethanol | 112-33-4 | C7H17NO3 |
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2-[2-(3,4-二氢-6-甲氧基-1(2H)-萘亚基)乙基]-2-乙基环戊烷-1,3-二酮 | 2-[2-(3,4-dihydro-6-methoxy-1(2H)-naphthalenylidene)ethyl]-2-ethyl-1,3-cyclopentanedione | 850-92-0 | C20H24O3 |
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2-[2-(2-羟基乙氧基)乙氧羰基]苯甲酸 | o-benzenedicarboxylic acid-mono-2-hydroxyethyloxyethyl ester | 2202-98-4 | C12H14O6 |
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2-[2-(2-溴乙氧基)乙氧基]乙烷-1-醇 | 2-(2-(2-bromoethoxy)ethoxy)ethan-1-ol | 57641-67-5 | C6H13BrO3 |
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2-[2-(2-氟苯基)-2-氧代乙基]丙二腈 | 2-[2-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-oxoethyl]malononitrile | 312307-38-3 | C11H7FN2O |
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2-[2-(2-己氧基乙氧基)乙氧基]乙醇 | 2-[2-(2-hexyloxy-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-ethanol | 25961-89-1 | C12H26O4 |
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2-[2-(2-T-BOC-氨基乙氧基)乙氧基]乙醇 | tert-butyl 2-(2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethylcarbamate | 139115-92-7 | C11H23NO5 |
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2-[2-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)苯氧基]乙醇 | 2-[2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenoxy]ethanol | 160969-02-8 | C10H11F3O3 |
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2-[2-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)苯氧基]乙基甲磺酸酯 | 2-[2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenoxy]ethyl methanesulfonate | 160969-03-9 | C11H13F3O5S |
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2-[2-(1-甲基乙氧基)乙氧基]乙醇 | diethylene glycol monoisopropyl ether | 5412-01-1 | C7H16O3 |
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2-[2,6-二甲基-4-[(1E)-3-[4-(甲硫基)苯基]-3-氧代-1-丙烯-1-基]苯氧基]-2-甲基丙酸 | elafibranor | 923978-27-2 | C22H24O4S |
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2-[1-(4-溴苯基)-1-甲基乙基]-4,5-二氢-4,4-二甲基恶唑 | 4-bromo-α,α-dimethyl-α-(4,4-dimethyloxazolin-2-yl) toluene | 192775-97-6 | C14H18BrNO |
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2-[1-(2-羟基乙基)环己基]乙醇 | 2,2'-(cyclohexane-1,1-diyl)bis(ethan-1-ol) | 3187-27-7 | C10H20O2 |
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2-[1,1'-联苯]-4-基-4,6-二(三氯甲基)-1,3,5-三嗪 | 2-(1,1'-Biphenyl)-4-yl-4,6-bis(trichloromethyl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-acetamide | 69432-53-7 | C19H14Cl6N4O |
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2-[(苄基)氨基]-4-氯-5-氨基磺酰基苯甲酰胺 | 3-Sulfamoyl-4-chloro-6-(benzylamino)benzamid | 4793-61-7 | C14H14ClN3O3S |
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2-[(羟基氨基)亚氨基甲基]-1-吡咯烷甲酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl 2-[amino(hydroxyimino)methyl]pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate | 500024-95-3 | C10H19N3O3 |
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2-[(环丙基羰基)氨基]乙酸 | 2-(cyclopropanecarboxamido)acetic acid | 64513-70-8 | C6H9NO3 |
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2-[(氯乙基)砜基]乙醇盐酸盐 | 2-(2'-chloroethylsulfonyl)ethylamine hydrochloride | 85739-74-8 | C4H10ClNO2S*ClH |
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2-[(氨基甲酰甲基)氨基]乙磺酸 | 2-[(2-Amino-2-oxoethyl)ammonio]ethanesulfonate | 7365-82-4 | C4H10N2O4S |
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