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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 有机原料

    有机原料

    有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工，粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业，煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国，早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物，以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。

    基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有：氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类（如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃）、芳香烃类（如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯）等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中，可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料；通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料；适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料；从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃；通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化，可以制得合成气；由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外，还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。

    有机原料的应用范围广泛，主要可分为三个方面：一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料，即聚合反应单体；二是用于其他有机化学工业，包括精细化工产品的原料；三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础，在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— Wln: Z1R dnw &GH 18600-42-5 C7H8ClN2O2-
    Wln: Z1R dnw &GH
    —— cyclopenta-1,3-diene;1-cyclopenta-2,4-dien-1-ylethanone;iron(2+) 1271-55-2 C12H4FeO-8
    cyclopenta-1,3-diene;1-cyclopenta-2,4-dien-1-ylethanone;iron(2+)
    —— 2-Amino-4-chloro-5-methylbenzenesulfonic acid; sodium 6627-59-4 C7H8ClNNaO3S
    2-Amino-4-chloro-5-methylbenzenesulfonic acid; sodium
    —— 16698-16-1 C12H11NNaO8S2
    —— m-Nitrophenylhydrazine hydrochloride 636-95-3 C6H7ClN3O2-
    m-Nitrophenylhydrazine hydrochloride
    —— Oxonate 2207-75-2 C4H3KN3O4+
    Oxonate
    —— Phenol, hydrogen sulfate (ester), potassium salt 6217-68-1 C6H5KNO6S+
    Phenol, hydrogen sulfate (ester), potassium salt
    —— Tiferron 149-45-1 C6H6NaO8S2+
    Tiferron
    —— Sodium naphthalene-1,5-disulfonic acid 1655-29-4 C10H8NaO6S2+
    Sodium naphthalene-1,5-disulfonic acid
    —— Sodium chromotropate 129-96-4 C10H8NaO8S2+
    Sodium chromotropate
    —— Potassium;ethyl 2-(2,4,5,7-tetrabromo-3-hydroxy-6-oxoxanthen-9-yl)benzoate 6359-05-3 C22H12Br4KO5+
    Potassium;ethyl 2-(2,4,5,7-tetrabromo-3-hydroxy-6-oxoxanthen-9-yl)benzoate
    —— Bismuthiol II, potassium salt 6336-51-2 C8H6KN2S3+
    Bismuthiol II, potassium salt
    —— 2-Chloro-1,4-benzenediamine hydrochloride 615-46-3 C6H8Cl2N2
    2-Chloro-1,4-benzenediamine hydrochloride
    —— Sodium;7-aminonaphthalene-2-sulfonic acid 5412-82-8 C10H9NNaO3S+
    Sodium;7-aminonaphthalene-2-sulfonic acid
    —— Ferricon 135-51-3 C10H8NaO7S2+
    Ferricon
    —— Naphthemol 130-13-2 C10H9NNaO3S+
    Naphthemol
    —— 928-70-1 C6H12KOS2
    —— Formaldehyde sodium bisulfite 870-72-4 CH4NaO4S+
    Formaldehyde sodium bisulfite
    —— Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid sodium salt 150-38-9 C10H16N2NaO8
    Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid sodium salt
    —— 2-Hydroxy-3-nitroso-2,7-naphthalenedisulfonic acid disodium salt 525-05-3 C10H7NNaO8S2+
    2-Hydroxy-3-nitroso-2,7-naphthalenedisulfonic acid disodium salt
    —— Sodium bromoethylsulfonate 4263-52-9 C2H5BrNaO3S+
    Sodium bromoethylsulfonate
    —— Phenylacetic acid, sodium salt 114-70-5 C8H8NaO2+
    Phenylacetic acid, sodium salt
    —— Potassium sec-butylxanthogenate 141-96-8 C5H10KOS2+
    Potassium sec-butylxanthogenate
    —— Sodium;pentyl hydrogen sulfate 556-76-3 C5H12NaO4S+
    Sodium;pentyl hydrogen sulfate
    —— azane;3-ethyl-2-[(Z)-(3-ethyl-6-sulfo-1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylidene)hydrazinylidene]-1,3-benzothiazole-6-sulfonic acid 30931-67-0 C18H24N6O6S4
    azane;3-ethyl-2-[(Z)-(3-ethyl-6-sulfo-1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylidene)hydrazinylidene]-1,3-benzothiazole-6-sulfonic acid
    —— (+)-Volkensiflavone 27542-37-6 C30H20O10
    (+)-Volkensiflavone
    —— Lithium triethylborohydride 22560-16-3 C6H15BLi
    Lithium triethylborohydride
    —— Potassium bisaccharate 576-42-1 C6H9KO8
    Potassium bisaccharate
    —— Ludigol 127-68-4 C6H5NNaO5S+
    Ludigol
    —— Sodium 5-amino-9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydroanthracene-1-sulfonate 4095-82-3 C14H8NNaO5S
    Sodium 5-amino-9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydroanthracene-1-sulfonate
    —— Sodium m-(5-(3-ethyl-4-oxo-2-thioxo-5-thiazolidinylidene)-4-methyl-2-thioxo-1,3,4-thiadiazolidin-3-yl)benzenesulphonate 10285-73-1 C14H12N3NaO4S5
    Sodium m-(5-(3-ethyl-4-oxo-2-thioxo-5-thiazolidinylidene)-4-methyl-2-thioxo-1,3,4-thiadiazolidin-3-yl)benzenesulphonate
    —— Sodium (2S)-2,3-bis(octadecanoyloxy)propyl hydrogen phosphate 108321-18-2 C39H76NaO8P
    Sodium (2S)-2,3-bis(octadecanoyloxy)propyl hydrogen phosphate
    —— Sodium ((3-methoxy-1-methyl-3-oxo-1-propenyl)amino)phenylacetate 70427-35-9 C13H14NNaO4
    Sodium ((3-methoxy-1-methyl-3-oxo-1-propenyl)amino)phenylacetate
    —— sodium;3-oxo-5-sulfanyl-1,2-thiazole-4-carboxylate 475112-25-5 C4H2NO3S2*Na
    sodium;3-oxo-5-sulfanyl-1,2-thiazole-4-carboxylate
    —— 2-Pyridinethiol, sodium salt 3811-73-2 C5H5NNaOS+
    2-Pyridinethiol, sodium salt
    —— Abietic Acid Sodium Salt 14351-66-7 C20H29NaO2
    Abietic Acid Sodium Salt
    —— Lithium Tri-sec-butylborohydride 38721-52-7 C12H27BLi
    Lithium Tri-sec-butylborohydride
    —— Potassium hydrogen (1-hydroxy-1-phosphonoethyl)phosphonate 13502-12-0 C2H7KO7P2
    Potassium hydrogen (1-hydroxy-1-phosphonoethyl)phosphonate
    —— (r,r)-(-)-1,2-Bis[(o-methoxyphenyl)(phenyl)phosphino]ethane(1,5-cyclooctadiene)rhodium(i)tetrafluoroborate 56977-92-5 C36H40BF4O2P2Rh-
    (r,r)-(-)-1,2-Bis[(o-methoxyphenyl)(phenyl)phosphino]ethane(1,5-cyclooctadiene)rhodium(i)tetrafluoroborate
    —— Cyclopenta-1,3-diene;iron(2+) 102-54-5 C10H10Fe
    Cyclopenta-1,3-diene;iron(2+)
    —— Sodium;(7-ethyl-2-methylundecan-4-yl) hydrogen sulfate 139-88-8 C14H30NaO4S+
    Sodium;(7-ethyl-2-methylundecan-4-yl) hydrogen sulfate
    —— Etazole soluble 1904-95-6 C10H12N4NaO2S2+
    Etazole soluble
    —— Potassium tert-amyloxide 41233-93-6 C5H12KO+
    Potassium tert-amyloxide
    —— Butan-1-ol;zirconium 1071-76-7 C4H10OZr
    Butan-1-ol;zirconium
    —— ZINC oxylate 547-68-2 C4O8Zn-2
    ZINC oxylate
    —— Methyl sulfate;trimethyl-[3-(2-methylprop-2-enoylamino)propyl]azanium 51441-65-7 C11H24N2O5S
    Methyl sulfate;trimethyl-[3-(2-methylprop-2-enoylamino)propyl]azanium
    —— Tri(furan-3-yl)(sulfanylidene)-lambda~5~-phosphane 32488-64-5 C12H9O3PS
    Tri(furan-3-yl)(sulfanylidene)-lambda~5~-phosphane
    —— Trimethylol Propane Tribenzoate 54547-34-1 C27H32O9
    Trimethylol Propane Tribenzoate
    —— 3-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)propan-1-amine hydrochloride 100840-60-6 C10H16ClNO2
    3-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)propan-1-amine hydrochloride
    —— tert-butyl ((3S,4R)-4-fluoropyrrolidin-3-yl)carbamate 169750-42-9 C9H17FN2O2
    tert-butyl ((3S,4R)-4-fluoropyrrolidin-3-yl)carbamate