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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 有机原料

    有机原料

    有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工，粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业，煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国，早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物，以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。

    基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有：氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类（如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃）、芳香烃类（如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯）等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中，可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料；通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料；适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料；从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃；通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化，可以制得合成气；由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外，还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。

    有机原料的应用范围广泛，主要可分为三个方面：一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料，即聚合反应单体；二是用于其他有机化学工业，包括精细化工产品的原料；三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础，在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (4E,6Z)-Deca-4,6-dienal 270074-58-3 C10H16O
    (4E,6Z)-Deca-4,6-dienal
    —— 6-Benzothiazolesulfonic acid, 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethyl-2,3-dihydro-, diammonium salt 30931-67-0 C18H24N6O6S4
    6-Benzothiazolesulfonic acid, 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethyl-2,3-dihydro-, diammonium salt
    —— (4-Chlorophenyl)[2-chloro-4-(hydroxyimino)-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene]acetonitrile 844-24-6 C15H10Cl2N2O
    (4-Chlorophenyl)[2-chloro-4-(hydroxyimino)-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene]acetonitrile
    —— Isodamascone 39872-57-6 C13H20O
    Isodamascone
    —— Digitoxigenin-acetat 808-19-5 C25H36O5
    Digitoxigenin-acetat
    —— 2-cyclohexylhepta-1,6-dien-3-one 313973-37-4 C13H20O
    2-cyclohexylhepta-1,6-dien-3-one
    —— (2S,3R)-β-methoxytyrosine 700816-76-8 C10H13NO4
    (2S,3R)-β-methoxytyrosine
    —— Disodium peroxydicarbonate 3313-92-6 C2Na2O6
    Disodium peroxydicarbonate
    —— Risedronic acid sodium 115436-72-1 C7H11NNaO7P2+
    Risedronic acid sodium
    —— disodium edentate 150-38-9 C10H16N2O8*2Na
    disodium edentate
    —— Lead tetraacetate 12365-56-9 C8H12O8Pb-4
    Lead tetraacetate
    —— 1-Pentadecanamine, N,N-dimethyl-, N-oxide 17373-30-7 C17H37NO
    1-Pentadecanamine, N,N-dimethyl-, N-oxide
    —— 2-Methoxy-4-morpholinobenzenediazonium chloride zinc chloride double salt 67801-08-5 C11H14ClN3O2
    2-Methoxy-4-morpholinobenzenediazonium chloride zinc chloride double salt
    —— (2,2-Dimethylpropane-1,3-diyl)bis(dimethylphosphane) 89129-51-1 C9H22P2
    (2,2-Dimethylpropane-1,3-diyl)bis(dimethylphosphane)
    —— Pd(dba)3 52409-22-0 C51H42O3Pd
    Pd(dba)3
    —— Disodium;2-[2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxymethyl)amino]acetic acid 139-33-3 C10H16N2Na2O8+2
    Disodium;2-[2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxymethyl)amino]acetic acid
    —— Rhodium(III) 2,4-pentanedionate, Premion|r, 99.99% (metals basis), Rh 25.2% min 14284-92-5 C15H21O6Rh
    Rhodium(III) 2,4-pentanedionate, Premion|r, 99.99% (metals basis), Rh 25.2% min
    —— Zinc(II) 3,3'-(3,8,13,17-tetramethyl-7,12-divinylporphyrin-2,18-diyl)dipropionate 15442-64-5 C34H32N4O4Zn
    Zinc(II) 3,3'-(3,8,13,17-tetramethyl-7,12-divinylporphyrin-2,18-diyl)dipropionate
    —— 4-Oxazolidinone, 3-ethyl-5-[2-(3-methyl-2-thiazolidinylidene)ethylidene]-2-thioxo- 35795-44-9 C11H14N2O2S2
    4-Oxazolidinone, 3-ethyl-5-[2-(3-methyl-2-thiazolidinylidene)ethylidene]-2-thioxo-
    —— Neodymium(3+) stearate 6192-11-6 C54H105NdO6
    Neodymium(3+) stearate
    —— disodium;3-[4-[(5-nitropyridin-2-yl)diazenyl]-3-oxido-N-propylanilino]propane-1-sulfonate 115408-94-1 C17H19N5Na2O6S
    disodium;3-[4-[(5-nitropyridin-2-yl)diazenyl]-3-oxido-N-propylanilino]propane-1-sulfonate
    —— Cholesteryl-octanoat 1182-42-9 C35H60O2
    Cholesteryl-octanoat
    —— 1,2:3,4-Diisopropyliden-D-galacturonsaeure-(1,5) 25253-46-7 C12H18O7
    1,2:3,4-Diisopropyliden-D-galacturonsaeure-(1,5)
    —— tert-butyl N-(3-oxidanyl-2-oxidanylidenepropyl)carbamate 1251455-27-2 C8H15NO4
    tert-butyl N-(3-oxidanyl-2-oxidanylidenepropyl)carbamate
    —— (8R,9R,10S,13S,14S)-13-ethyl-1,2,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,15,16-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,17-dione 21800-83-9 C19H26O2
    (8R,9R,10S,13S,14S)-13-ethyl-1,2,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,15,16-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,17-dione
    —— (+/-)-3-Methoxy-13β-aethylgona-2,5(10)-dien-17-on 2322-77-2 C20H28O2
    (+/-)-3-Methoxy-13β-aethylgona-2,5(10)-dien-17-on
    —— (+/-)-13-Aethyl-3-methoxy-gona-2,5(10)-dien-17-ol 1038-28-4 C20H30O2
    (+/-)-13-Aethyl-3-methoxy-gona-2,5(10)-dien-17-ol
    —— 18-Methyl-4-oestren-3,17-dion 21800-83-9 C19H26O2
    18-Methyl-4-oestren-3,17-dion
    —— <4-Difluormethylsulfonyl-phenyl>-hydrazin 4837-28-9 C7H8F2N2O2S
    <4-Difluormethylsulfonyl-phenyl>-hydrazin
    —— 3-(2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl)benzoic acid 113496-14-3 C10H10O4
    3-(2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl)benzoic acid
    —— (S)-2-amino-6-(benzyloxy)hexanoic acid 625845-34-3 C13H19NO3
    (S)-2-amino-6-(benzyloxy)hexanoic acid
    —— Diphenyl phosphite 4712-55-4 C12H10O3P+
    Diphenyl phosphite
    —— dichlorotitanium;(Z)-5-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylhept-4-en-3-one 53293-32-6 C22H40Cl2O4Ti
    dichlorotitanium;(Z)-5-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylhept-4-en-3-one
    —— 6-(2-Methoxyethoxy)-2,5,7,10-tetraoxa-6-silaundecane 5700-39-0 C9H21O6Si
    6-(2-Methoxyethoxy)-2,5,7,10-tetraoxa-6-silaundecane
    —— Phosphonic acid, propyl- 4672-38-2 C3H8O3P+
    Phosphonic acid, propyl-
    —— Ketanserin tartrate hydrate 83846-83-7 C26H30FN3O10
    Ketanserin tartrate hydrate
    —— Potassium fumarate 10237-70-4 C4H2K2O4
    Potassium fumarate
    —— Chloro(1,5-cyclooctadiene)rhodium(I) dimer 12092-47-6 C16H24Cl2Rh2-2
    Chloro(1,5-cyclooctadiene)rhodium(I) dimer
    —— 2E,4Z-5,9-dimethyldeca-2,4-8-trienal 6048-88-0 C12H18O
    2E,4Z-5,9-dimethyldeca-2,4-8-trienal
    —— 1-(2-(di-(4-Fluorophenyl)methoxy)ethyl)-4-(3-phenyl-2-propenyl)piperazine dimethanesulfonate 77862-93-2 C30H38F2N2O7S2
    1-(2-(di-(4-Fluorophenyl)methoxy)ethyl)-4-(3-phenyl-2-propenyl)piperazine dimethanesulfonate
    —— 1'-(1H-indazol-7-ylcarbonyl)-6-methylspiro[chromene-2,4'-piperidin]-4(3H)-one 1031413-61-2 C22H21N3O3
    1'-(1H-indazol-7-ylcarbonyl)-6-methylspiro[chromene-2,4'-piperidin]-4(3H)-one
    —— (3R)-N-methyl-1-[4-nitro-3-(propan-2-yloxy)phenyl]-N-(oxetan-3-yl)piperidin-3-amine 1462951-31-0 C18H27N3O4
    (3R)-N-methyl-1-[4-nitro-3-(propan-2-yloxy)phenyl]-N-(oxetan-3-yl)piperidin-3-amine
    —— Spiramycin embonate 67724-08-7 C66H90N2O20
    Spiramycin embonate
    —— Cobaltous gluconate 3791-65-9 C12H22CoO14
    Cobaltous gluconate
    —— Zirconium oxide 12036-01-0 O2Zr
    Zirconium oxide
    —— Tetrasodium 3,3'-azobis(6-(2-(4-nitro-2-sulphonatophenyl)vinyl)benzenesulphonate) 6272-71-5 C28H16N4Na4O16S4
    Tetrasodium 3,3'-azobis(6-(2-(4-nitro-2-sulphonatophenyl)vinyl)benzenesulphonate)
    —— 4-(difluoromethoxy)-2-fluoroaniline 1003865-65-3 C7H6F3NO
    4-(difluoromethoxy)-2-fluoroaniline
    —— (E)-4-(but-2-en-2-yl)phenyl acetate 5984-83-8 C12H14O2
    (E)-4-(but-2-en-2-yl)phenyl acetate
    —— rel-(1R,3S,4S,5S,7S)-4-Aminoadamantan-1-ol 62058-03-1 C10H17NO
    rel-(1R,3S,4S,5S,7S)-4-Aminoadamantan-1-ol
    —— distrontium;5-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]-3-(carboxylatomethyl)-4-cyanothiophene-2-carboxylate 135459-90-4 C12H6N2O8SSr2
    distrontium;5-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]-3-(carboxylatomethyl)-4-cyanothiophene-2-carboxylate