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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 有机原料

    有机原料

    有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工，粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业，煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国，早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物，以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。

    基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有：氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类（如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃）、芳香烃类（如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯）等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中，可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料；通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料；适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料；从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃；通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化，可以制得合成气；由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外，还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。

    有机原料的应用范围广泛，主要可分为三个方面：一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料，即聚合反应单体；二是用于其他有机化学工业，包括精细化工产品的原料；三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础，在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-[Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethyl octadec-9-enoate 10277-04-0 C24H47NO4
    2-[Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethyl octadec-9-enoate
    —— zinc stannate 12036-37-2 O3Sn*Zn
    zinc stannate
    —— Disodium 6-acetamido-4-hydroxy-3-((3-((2-(sulphonatooxy)ethyl)sulphonyl)phenyl)azo)naphthalene-2-sulphonate 12225-83-1 C20H17N3Na2O11S3
    Disodium 6-acetamido-4-hydroxy-3-((3-((2-(sulphonatooxy)ethyl)sulphonyl)phenyl)azo)naphthalene-2-sulphonate
    —— N-Phenyl-p-phenylenediamine sulfate 4698-29-7 C24H26N4O4S
    N-Phenyl-p-phenylenediamine sulfate
    —— Sodium itaconate 5363-69-9 C5H4Na2O4
    Sodium itaconate
    —— 2,2'-((4-Methyl-1,2-phenylene)bis(oxy))bisacetic acid 5458-76-4 C11H12O6
    2,2'-((4-Methyl-1,2-phenylene)bis(oxy))bisacetic acid
    —— Ferrocenyl methyl ketone 1271-55-2 C12H12FeO
    Ferrocenyl methyl ketone
    —— D-Fructose, 1,6-bis(dihydrogen phosphate), calcium salt (1:2) 6055-82-9 C6H10Ca2O12P2
    D-Fructose, 1,6-bis(dihydrogen phosphate), calcium salt (1:2)
    —— Ethanediamide, N1,N2-dihydroxy-, ammonium salt (1:1) 5164-15-8 C2H7N3O4
    Ethanediamide, N1,N2-dihydroxy-, ammonium salt (1:1)
    —— Fructose 6-(calcium phosphate) 6035-93-4 C6H11CaO9P
    Fructose 6-(calcium phosphate)
    —— Calcium cacodylate 5785-43-3 C4H12As2CaO4
    Calcium cacodylate
    —— Imidazole, sodium derivative 5587-42-8 C3H4N2Na+
    Imidazole, sodium derivative
    —— 9,10-Anthracenedione, 1,4-diamino-2-(phenylsulfonyl)- 5264-55-1 C20H14N2O4S
    9,10-Anthracenedione, 1,4-diamino-2-(phenylsulfonyl)-
    —— Ferric stearate 5136-76-5 C54H105FeO6
    Ferric stearate
    —— Maleic hydrazide potassium salt 51542-52-0 C4H4KN2O2+
    Maleic hydrazide potassium salt
    —— N,N-dibutyl-(2,5-dihydro-5-thioxo-1H-tetrazol-1-yl)acetamide 168612-06-4 C11H21N5OS
    N,N-dibutyl-(2,5-dihydro-5-thioxo-1H-tetrazol-1-yl)acetamide
    —— Carbamic acid, (2-bromopropyl)-, benzyl ester 39945-54-5 C11H14BrNO2
    Carbamic acid, (2-bromopropyl)-, benzyl ester
    —— Sodium adipate 23311-84-4 C6H8Na2O4
    Sodium adipate
    —— threo-2,3-Hexodiulosonic acid 3409-57-2 C6H8O7
    threo-2,3-Hexodiulosonic acid
    —— Acetic acid, calcium salt, hydrate 114460-21-8 C4H6CaO4
    Acetic acid, calcium salt, hydrate
    —— Calcium disodium edetate 62-33-9 C10H12CaN2Na2O8
    Calcium disodium edetate
    —— (5-Chloroquinolin-8-yl)hydrazine 446830-53-1 C9H8ClN3
    (5-Chloroquinolin-8-yl)hydrazine
    —— 1,1,1,5,5,5-Hexafluoro-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate;nickel(2+) 14949-69-0 C10H2F12NiO4
    1,1,1,5,5,5-Hexafluoro-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate;nickel(2+)
    —— Einecs 240-301-6 16148-06-4 C19H21N3O
    Einecs 240-301-6
    —— 3-(3-ethoxy-n-propoxy)propanol 15764-24-6 C8H18O3
    3-(3-ethoxy-n-propoxy)propanol
    —— Bromotris(triphenylphosphine)rhodium 14973-89-8 C54H45BrP3Rh-
    Bromotris(triphenylphosphine)rhodium
    —— 4-[(5-Hydroxy-3-methylisoxazol-4-YL)methylene]-3-methyl-(4H)isoxazol-5-one 14532-32-2 C9H8N2O4
    4-[(5-Hydroxy-3-methylisoxazol-4-YL)methylene]-3-methyl-(4H)isoxazol-5-one
    —— Resolve-AL(TM) GD 14768-15-1 C33H57GdO6
    Resolve-AL(TM) GD
    —— Einecs 238-185-7 14284-86-7 C15H21EuO6
    Einecs 238-185-7
    —— 2-[2-(2-Hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethyl octadec-9-enoate 10233-14-4 C24H46O5
    2-[2-(2-Hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethyl octadec-9-enoate
    —— Strontium zirconium trioxide 12036-39-4 SrZrO3
    Strontium zirconium trioxide
    —— Propane, 2,3-dibromo-1,1,1-trifluoro- 431-21-0 C3H3Br2F3
    Propane, 2,3-dibromo-1,1,1-trifluoro-
    —— Fructose 6-(barium phosphate) 6035-54-7 C6H11BaO9P
    Fructose 6-(barium phosphate)
    —— Benzenesulfonamide, 4-methyl-N-(2-(4-oxo-4H-3,1-benzoxazin-2-yl)phenyl)- 3808-20-6 C21H16N2O4S
    Benzenesulfonamide, 4-methyl-N-(2-(4-oxo-4H-3,1-benzoxazin-2-yl)phenyl)-
    —— 4-amino-3-methoxyphenylazobenzene-3-sulfonate sodium 6300-07-8 C13H12N3O4S*Na
    4-amino-3-methoxyphenylazobenzene-3-sulfonate sodium
    —— Ammonium perfluoroheptanoate 6130-43-4 C7HF13O2.H3N
    Ammonium perfluoroheptanoate
    —— D-Fructose, 1,6-bis(dihydrogen phosphate), barium salt (1:2) 6035-52-5 C6H10Ba2O12P2
    D-Fructose, 1,6-bis(dihydrogen phosphate), barium salt (1:2)
    —— N-(4-Ethoxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-4-((2,4,5-trichlorophenyl)azo)naphthalene-2-carboxamide 5012-29-3 C25H18Cl3N3O3
    N-(4-Ethoxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-4-((2,4,5-trichlorophenyl)azo)naphthalene-2-carboxamide
    —— Butanoic acid, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediyl ester 5333-63-1 C13H24O4
    Butanoic acid, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediyl ester
    —— 3-Tert-butyl-9h-thioxanthen-9-one 5495-87-4 C17H16OS
    3-Tert-butyl-9h-thioxanthen-9-one
    —— Tetrabutylphosphonium 3115-68-2 C16H36P+
    Tetrabutylphosphonium
    —— Einecs 219-769-0 2527-59-5 C18H20N2O2S2
    Einecs 219-769-0
    —— Cyclohexanebutanoic acid, copper(2+) salt 2218-80-6 C20H34CuO4
    Cyclohexanebutanoic acid, copper(2+) salt
    —— oxalic acid;thorium 2040-52-0 C4H4O8Th
    oxalic acid;thorium
    —— sodium 1-hydroxynaphthalene-2-sulfonate 832-50-8 C10H7O4S*Na
    sodium 1-hydroxynaphthalene-2-sulfonate
    —— Fenabutene 5984-83-8 C12H14O2
    Fenabutene
    —— Buparvaquone 88426-33-9 C21H26O3
    Buparvaquone
    —— Calcium di(benzenesulphonate) 934-54-3 C12H10CaO6S2
    Calcium di(benzenesulphonate)
    —— 1-Benzyl-3-ethyl-6,7-dimethoxyisoquinolinium chloride;1-Benzyl-3-ethyl-6,7-dimethoxyisoquinolinium chloride 1163-37-7 C20H22ClNO2
    1-Benzyl-3-ethyl-6,7-dimethoxyisoquinolinium chloride;1-Benzyl-3-ethyl-6,7-dimethoxyisoquinolinium chloride
    —— 4-Chloro-3-phenylbenzo[c]isoxazole 719-64-2 C13H8ClNO
    4-Chloro-3-phenylbenzo[c]isoxazole