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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 有机原料

    有机原料

    有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工，粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业，煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国，早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物，以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。

    基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有：氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类（如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃）、芳香烃类（如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯）等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中，可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料；通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料；适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料；从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃；通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化，可以制得合成气；由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外，还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。

    有机原料的应用范围广泛，主要可分为三个方面：一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料，即聚合反应单体；二是用于其他有机化学工业，包括精细化工产品的原料；三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础，在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 5-Hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylhept-4-en-3-one;nickel 14481-08-4 C22H40NiO4
    5-Hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylhept-4-en-3-one;nickel
    —— Yttrium(III) acetylacetonate hydrate 207801-29-4 C15H26O7Y
    Yttrium(III) acetylacetonate hydrate
    —— trans-RuCl2[(R)-dm-segphos][(R)-daipen] 944450-44-6 C65H70Cl2N2O6P2Ru
    trans-RuCl2[(R)-dm-segphos][(R)-daipen]
    —— Ruthenate (RuO42-), disodium, (T-4)- 17001-79-5 Na2O4Ru+2
    Ruthenate (RuO42-), disodium, (T-4)-
    —— magnesium;dipotassium;2-[2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxylatomethyl)amino]acetate;dihydrate 15708-48-2 C10H16K2MgN2O10
    magnesium;dipotassium;2-[2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxylatomethyl)amino]acetate;dihydrate
    —— <i>N</i>-isonicotinoyl-<i>N</i>'-(4-nitro-benzoyl)-hydrazine 27293-30-7 C13H10N4O4
    <i>N</i>-isonicotinoyl-<i>N</i>'-(4-nitro-benzoyl)-hydrazine
    —— Vanadium(IV)-oxy acetylacetonate 3153-26-2 C10H18O4V+2
    Vanadium(IV)-oxy acetylacetonate
    —— 2,5-Diethoxy-4-(morpholin-4-yl)benzenediazonium hydrogen sulphate 32178-39-5 C14H22N3O7S+
    2,5-Diethoxy-4-(morpholin-4-yl)benzenediazonium hydrogen sulphate
    —— 3-ethyl-6-methylsulfanyl-2,4-dihydro-1H-1,3,5-triazine 1189289-64-2 C6H13N3S
    3-ethyl-6-methylsulfanyl-2,4-dihydro-1H-1,3,5-triazine
    —— 2-Chloro-alpha-(trichloromethyl)benzenemethanol 10291-39-1 C8H6Cl4O
    2-Chloro-alpha-(trichloromethyl)benzenemethanol
    —— (<i>S</i>)-1,2-dibromo-pentane 3234-49-9 C5H10Br2
    (<i>S</i>)-1,2-dibromo-pentane
    —— Manganese butyrate 6147-00-8 C8H14MnO4
    Manganese butyrate
    —— Citric acid, sodium titanium salt 68959-15-9 C30H25Na3O35Ti3
    Citric acid, sodium titanium salt
    —— Cupric benzoate 533-01-7 C14H10CuO4
    Cupric benzoate
    —— N,N-diethylethanamine;octadec-9-enoic acid 10103-17-0 C24H49NO2
    N,N-diethylethanamine;octadec-9-enoic acid
    —— Calcium bimalate 5743-31-7 (C4H5O5)2Ca
    Calcium bimalate
    —— ethyl 4-amino-5-methylthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate 60598-74-5 C10H11N3O2S
    ethyl 4-amino-5-methylthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— tert-butyl (2R)-2,6-bis[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonylamino]hexanoate 97347-28-9 C20H38N2O6
    tert-butyl (2R)-2,6-bis[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonylamino]hexanoate
    —— 2-Acetamino-3-<2-trifluormethyl-phenyl>-propionsaeure 120710-04-5 C12H12F3NO3
    2-Acetamino-3-<2-trifluormethyl-phenyl>-propionsaeure
    —— 1-(4,6-dichloro-1,5-naphthyridin-3-yl)ethanone 1448361-59-8 C10H6Cl2N2O
    1-(4,6-dichloro-1,5-naphthyridin-3-yl)ethanone
    —— methylurea hydrogenchloride 108175-53-7 C2H6N2O*ClH
    methylurea hydrogenchloride
    —— methyl 4-(bromomethyl)-2-chlorobenzoate 143572-60-5 C9H8BrClO2
    methyl 4-(bromomethyl)-2-chlorobenzoate
    —— azetidin-2-ylmethanol 104587-62-4 C4H9NO
    azetidin-2-ylmethanol
    —— 2,3,6-trichlorobenzoate sodium salt 2078-42-4 C7H2Cl3O2*Na
    2,3,6-trichlorobenzoate sodium salt
    —— 1,1’-(1,2-dioxoethane-1,2-diyl)bis-1H-benzotriazole 85642-16-6 C14H8N6O2
    1,1’-(1,2-dioxoethane-1,2-diyl)bis-1H-benzotriazole
    —— 1-(2-etilaminometilfenil)pirrolo 92508-25-3 C13H16N2
    1-(2-etilaminometilfenil)pirrolo
    —— d<sub>7</sub>-vitamin K<sub>1</sub> 1373049-34-3 C31H46O2
    d<sub>7</sub>-vitamin K<sub>1</sub>
    —— 9-n-Butyl-2,3,7,8-tetrahydro-1H,6H-acridin-4,5-dion 140926-54-1 C17H21NO2
    9-n-Butyl-2,3,7,8-tetrahydro-1H,6H-acridin-4,5-dion
    —— 2-benzyloxycarbonylamino-3-biphenyl-4-ylpropionic acid 270568-72-4 C23H21NO4
    2-benzyloxycarbonylamino-3-biphenyl-4-ylpropionic acid
    —— Cholesterylhexanoat 1062-96-0 C33H56O2
    Cholesterylhexanoat
    —— magnesium;ethyne;bromide 4301-14-8 C2HBrMg
    magnesium;ethyne;bromide
    —— 5-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylhept-4-en-3-one;neodymium 15492-47-4 C33H60NdO6
    5-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylhept-4-en-3-one;neodymium
    —— magnesium;prop-1-ene;bromide 13291-18-4 C3H5BrMg
    magnesium;prop-1-ene;bromide
    —— Octylenglycoltitanate HV 5575-43-9 C32H72O8Ti
    Octylenglycoltitanate HV
    —— Diethyleneglycol monoricinoleate 5401-17-2 C22H42O5
    Diethyleneglycol monoricinoleate
    —— danshenspiroketallactone 100414-80-0 C17H16O3
    danshenspiroketallactone
    —— epi-danshenspiroketallactone 87742-17-4 C17H16O3
    epi-danshenspiroketallactone
    —— (2-Chloro-2-oxoethyl)-trimethylazanium 53684-57-4 C5H11ClNO
    (2-Chloro-2-oxoethyl)-trimethylazanium
    —— diethyl (2-(1,2-oxazinan-2-yl)-2-oxoethyl)phosphonate 1329579-40-9 C10H20NO5P
    diethyl (2-(1,2-oxazinan-2-yl)-2-oxoethyl)phosphonate
    —— Tetrakis(2-ethylhexyl) orthotitanate 1070-10-6 C32H72O4Ti
    Tetrakis(2-ethylhexyl) orthotitanate
    —— Tetrapropyl orthotitanate 3087-37-4 C12H32O4Ti
    Tetrapropyl orthotitanate
    —— 4-Hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;ytterbium 14284-98-1 C15H24O6Yb
    4-Hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;ytterbium
    —— Trans-4-(Trans-4-Propylcyclohexyl)Cyclohexanol 82832-72-2 C15H28O
    Trans-4-(Trans-4-Propylcyclohexyl)Cyclohexanol
    —— (3-Chloro-4-methoxyphenyl)methanaminium chloride 41965-95-1 C8H11ClNO+
    (3-Chloro-4-methoxyphenyl)methanaminium chloride
    —— Masticadienonsaeure 5956-26-3 C30H46O3
    Masticadienonsaeure
    —— 6-Chlor-3-isobutyryl-anilin 73420-46-9 C10H12ClNO
    6-Chlor-3-isobutyryl-anilin
    —— Magnesium bromide 2,6-dimethylbenzen-1-ide (1/1/1) 21450-64-6 C8H9BrMg
    Magnesium bromide 2,6-dimethylbenzen-1-ide (1/1/1)
    —— 3,5-Dibromprotoanemonin 32323-47-0 C5H2Br2O2
    3,5-Dibromprotoanemonin
    —— 5-benzyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazolo[4,3-c]pyridine 35005-72-2 C13H14N2O
    5-benzyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazolo[4,3-c]pyridine
    —— 3-chloro-2-fluoro-DL-phenylglycine 1042665-36-0 C8H7ClFNO2
    3-chloro-2-fluoro-DL-phenylglycine