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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 有机原料

    有机原料

    有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工，粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业，煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国，早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物，以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。

    基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有：氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类（如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃）、芳香烃类（如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯）等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中，可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料；通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料；适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料；从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃；通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化，可以制得合成气；由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外，还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。

    有机原料的应用范围广泛，主要可分为三个方面：一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料，即聚合反应单体；二是用于其他有机化学工业，包括精细化工产品的原料；三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础，在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-[(phenylcarbonyloxy)methyl]-1,3-oxathiolane 143338-44-7 C11H12O3S
    2-[(phenylcarbonyloxy)methyl]-1,3-oxathiolane
    —— potassium pyruvate 4151-33-1 C3H3O3*K
    potassium pyruvate
    —— methylenoxonium radical cation 67-56-1 CH4O
    methylenoxonium radical cation
    —— (R)-1-(2-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethanone 66158-68-7 C7H13NO2
    (R)-1-(2-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethanone
    —— 8-methyl-2-phenylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-carbaldehyde 524724-72-9 C15H12N2O
    8-methyl-2-phenylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-carbaldehyde
    —— 4-(aminomethyl)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid 1197-17-7 C8H15NO2
    4-(aminomethyl)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid
    —— sodium hexyl sulfate 2832-45-3 C6H13O3S*Na
    sodium hexyl sulfate
    —— (2S)-2-ethylbutyl 2-(((4-nitrophenoxy)(phenoxy)phosphoryl)amino)propanoate 1439900-56-7 C21H27N2O7P
    (2S)-2-ethylbutyl 2-(((4-nitrophenoxy)(phenoxy)phosphoryl)amino)propanoate
    —— D-<i>erythro</i>-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxy-6-stearoyloxy-hex-2<i>c</i>-enoic acid-4-lactone 25395-66-8 C24H42O7
    D-<i>erythro</i>-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxy-6-stearoyloxy-hex-2<i>c</i>-enoic acid-4-lactone
    —— indole radical cation 120-72-9 C8H7N
    indole radical cation
    —— Co(hexafluoroacetylacetonate)2 19648-83-0 2C5HF6O2*Co
    Co(hexafluoroacetylacetonate)2
    —— <i>rac</i>-3-methoxy-8α,9β-estra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-one 1091-94-7 C19H24O2
    <i>rac</i>-3-methoxy-8α,9β-estra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-one
    —— silver heptafluorobutyrate 3794-64-7 C4AgF7O2
    silver heptafluorobutyrate
    —— 3-bromolevulinic acid 62557-43-1 C5H7BrO3
    3-bromolevulinic acid
    —— 2,9-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,10-phenanthroline 88498-43-5 C24H16N2O2
    2,9-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,10-phenanthroline
    —— 4-amino-6-hydroxyisophthalic acid 15540-79-1 C8H7NO5
    4-amino-6-hydroxyisophthalic acid
    —— 2-deoxy-2,2-difluoro-1-oxoribose 95058-77-8 C5H6F2O4
    2-deoxy-2,2-difluoro-1-oxoribose
    —— N-bromoethyl-1,3-propanediamine dihydrobromide 23545-42-8 2BrH*C5H13BrN2
    N-bromoethyl-1,3-propanediamine dihydrobromide
    —— 2-((4-bromobenzyl)oxy)tetrahydro-2H-pyran 17100-68-4 C12H15BrO2
    2-((4-bromobenzyl)oxy)tetrahydro-2H-pyran
    —— disodium monocopper (II) citrate 38218-87-0 2C6H5O7*Cu*4Na
    disodium monocopper (II) citrate
    —— 11β-hydroxy-androst-4-ene-3,17-dione 382-44-5 C19H26O3
    11β-hydroxy-androst-4-ene-3,17-dione
    —— 5,5’-(pyrimidine-2,5-diyl) diisophthalic acid 1601485-40-8 C20H12N2O8
    5,5’-(pyrimidine-2,5-diyl) diisophthalic acid
    —— cyanine 3 146368-13-0 C31H38N2O8S2
    cyanine 3
    —— sodium hydroxy(phenyl)methanesulfonate 4657-12-9 C7H7O4S*Na
    sodium hydroxy(phenyl)methanesulfonate
    —— ethylenediamine dihydroiodide 5700-49-2 C2H10N2*2I
    ethylenediamine dihydroiodide
    —— 2-(p-tolyl)imidazoline 13623-58-0 C10H12N2
    2-(p-tolyl)imidazoline
    —— 3-(3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-propylamine hydrochloride 104774-93-8 C10H12F3N*ClH
    3-(3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-propylamine hydrochloride
    —— tetraethylene glycol monoallyl ether 26150-06-1 C11H22O5
    tetraethylene glycol monoallyl ether
    —— sodium levulinate 19856-23-6 C5H7O3*Na
    sodium levulinate
    —— sodium aceto-acetate 623-58-5 C4H5O3*Na
    sodium aceto-acetate
    —— 17β-hydroxyestra-4,9,11-trien-3-one 17-acetate 10161-34-9 C20H24O3
    17β-hydroxyestra-4,9,11-trien-3-one 17-acetate
    —— vinyl Neodecanoate 51000-52-3 C12H22O2
    vinyl Neodecanoate
    —— lithium benzoate 553-54-8 C7H5O2*Li
    lithium benzoate
    —— 2-mercaptoethyl acetate 5862-40-8 C4H8O2S
    2-mercaptoethyl acetate
    —— 1-Ethoxycarbonylmethyl-1-hydroxy-indan 1620-02-6 C13H16O3
    1-Ethoxycarbonylmethyl-1-hydroxy-indan
    —— (6bR,10aS)-3-methyl-2-oxo-2,3,6b,9,10,10a-hexahydro-1H,7H-pyrido[3',4':4,5]pyrrolo[1,2,3-de]quinoxaline-8-carboxylic acid ethyl ester 313369-25-4 C17H21N3O3
    (6bR,10aS)-3-methyl-2-oxo-2,3,6b,9,10,10a-hexahydro-1H,7H-pyrido[3',4':4,5]pyrrolo[1,2,3-de]quinoxaline-8-carboxylic acid ethyl ester
    —— disodium citrate sesquihydrate 144-33-2 C6H6O7*2Na
    disodium citrate sesquihydrate
    —— 4,4′-chloromethylphosphonoyl-bis-morpholine 7355-28-4 C9H18ClN2O3P
    4,4′-chloromethylphosphonoyl-bis-morpholine
    —— Acetoxime tosylate 67342-52-3 C10H13NO3S
    Acetoxime tosylate
    —— 6-[[4-[(6-oxocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-ylidene)methylamino]butylamino]methylidene]cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one 3955-57-5 C18H20N2O2
    6-[[4-[(6-oxocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-ylidene)methylamino]butylamino]methylidene]cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one
    —— 1,8-bis(p-toluenesulfonyloxy)-3,6-bis(p-toluenesulfonyl)-3,6-diazaoctane 56234-52-7 C34H40N2O10S4
    1,8-bis(p-toluenesulfonyloxy)-3,6-bis(p-toluenesulfonyl)-3,6-diazaoctane
    —— 4-((4-aminobutyl)amino)-4-oxobutanoic acid 57530-97-9 C8H16N2O3
    4-((4-aminobutyl)amino)-4-oxobutanoic acid
    —— N'-nicotinoylbenzenesulfonohydrazide 5433-39-6 C12H11N3O3S
    N'-nicotinoylbenzenesulfonohydrazide
    —— 4-methylcyclohexa-1,4-diene-1-carboxylic acid 53312-53-1 C8H10O2
    4-methylcyclohexa-1,4-diene-1-carboxylic acid
    —— 6α-Fluor-dexamethason-21-acetat 2823-42-9 C24H30F2O6
    6α-Fluor-dexamethason-21-acetat
    —— (2R)-3-bromo-N-[4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide 206193-17-1 C12H10BrF3N2O2
    (2R)-3-bromo-N-[4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide
    —— disodium 1,5-naphthalenedisulfonate 1655-29-4 C10H6O6S2*2Na
    disodium 1,5-naphthalenedisulfonate
    —— sodium 2-mercaptoacetate 367-51-1 C2H3O2S*Na
    sodium 2-mercaptoacetate
    —— erbium(III) acetate tetrahydrate 15280-57-6 3C2H3O2*Er*4H2O
    erbium(III) acetate tetrahydrate
    —— disodium 1,4-butanedisulfonate 36589-61-4 C4H8O6S2*2Na
    disodium 1,4-butanedisulfonate