有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工,粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业,煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国,早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物,以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。
基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有:氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类(如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃)、芳香烃类(如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯)等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中,可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料;通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料;适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料;从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃;通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化,可以制得合成气;由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外,还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。
有机原料的应用范围广泛,主要可分为三个方面:一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料,即聚合反应单体;二是用于其他有机化学工业,包括精细化工产品的原料;三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础,在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
---|---|---|---|---|
2-(4-氨基苯基)-5-氨基苯并咪唑 | 2-(4-aminophenyl)-5-amino-benzimidazole | 7621-86-5 | C13H12N4 |
|
2-(4-氨基苯基)-2-甲基丙腈 | 2-(4-aminophenyl)-2-methylpropionitrile | 115279-57-7 | C10H12N2 |
|
2-(4-氨基苯)-1,1,1,3,3,3-六氟-2-丙醇 | 2-(4-aminophenyl)-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol | 722-92-9 | C9H7F6NO |
|
2-(4-氨基甲基-哌啶-1-基)-乙醇 | 2-(4-(aminomethyl)piperidin-1-yl)ethanol | 21168-72-9 | C8H18N2O |
|
2-(4-氨基环己基)乙酸甲酯 | methyl 2-(4-aminocyclohexyl)acetate | 313683-56-6 | C9H17NO2 |
|
2-(4-氨基-3-硝基苯基)乙酸乙酯 | 2-(4-amino-3-nitrophenyl)acetic acid ethyl ester | 104126-70-7 | C10H12N2O4 |
|
2-(4-氨基-2-硝基苯胺基)乙醇 | 1-[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-2-nitro-4-aminobenzene | 2871-01-4 | C8H11N3O3 |
|
2-(4-氨基-2-氯-5-甲基苯基)-2-(4-氯苯基)乙腈 | 2-(4-amino-2-chloro-5-methylphenyl)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)acetonitrile | 61437-85-2 | C15H12Cl2N2 |
|
2-(4-氨基-1H-吡唑-1-基)乙醇 | 2-(4-amino-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)ethanol | 948571-47-9 | C5H9N3O |
|
2-(4-氨基-1-哌啶)乙醇 | 2-(4-aminopiperidin-1-yl)ethanol | 89850-72-6 | C7H16N2O |
|
2-(4-氟苯酰基)苯甲酸 | 2-(4-fluorobenzoyl)benzoic acid | 7649-92-5 | C14H9FO3 |
|
2-(4-氟苯基)苯甲醛 | 4'-fluoro-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-carbaldehyde | 192863-46-0 | C13H9FO |
|
2-(4-氟苯基)噻唑-5-甲醛 | 2-(4-fluorophenyl)thiazole-5-carbaldehyde | 914348-80-4 | C10H6FNOS |
|
2-(4-氟苯基)-咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-甲醛 | 2-(4-fluorophenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-carbaldehyde | 425658-37-3 | C14H9FN2O |
|
2-(4-氟苯基)-丙酸-1,3-二乙酯 | dimethyl 2-(4-fluorophenyl)malonate | 138485-30-0 | C11H11FO4 |
|
2-(4-氟-3-硝基苯基)乙酸乙酯 | ethyl (4-fluoro-3-nitrophenyl)acetate | 858972-16-4 | C10H10FNO4 |
|
2-(4-吡啶基)噻唑-4-羧酸 | 2-(4-Pyridyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid | 21278-86-4 | C9H6N2O2S |
|
2-(4-吡啶基)-3-(4-氟苯基)-3-氧代丙腈 | 3-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-oxo-2-(pyridin-4-yl)propanenitrile | 148671-42-5 | C14H9FN2O |
|
2-(4-吡啶-2-基苯基)吡啶 | 1,4-di(pyridin-2-yl)benzene | 57477-09-5 | C16H12N2 |
|
2-(4-吗啉基)苯甲酸 | 2-morpholinobenzoic acid | 42106-48-9 | C11H13NO3 |
|
2-(4-吗啉)乙基溴 | N-(2-bromoethyl)morpholine | 89583-07-3 | C6H12BrNO |
|
2-(4-叔戊基苯甲酰基)苯甲酸 | 2-(4'-tert-amylbenzoyl)-benzoic acid | 64164-99-4 | C19H20O3 |
|
2-(4-叔丁基苯氧基)环己醇 | 2-(4-tert-butylphenoxy)cyclohexanol | 1942-71-8 | C16H24O2 |
|
2-(4-叔丁基苯)乙醇 | 2-(4-tert-butylphenyl)ethanol | 5406-86-0 | C12H18O |
|
2-(4-仲丁基苯氧基)乙醇 | 2-(4-sec-Butylphenoxy)ethanol | 5349-63-3 | C12H18O2 |
|
2-(4-二甲基氨基-苯基)-1H-苯并咪唑-5-胺 | 5(6)-amino-2-(4-N,N-dimethylaminophenyl)-1H-benzimidazole | 40655-14-9 | C15H16N4 |
|
2-(4-乙酰基苯基)乙腈 | 2-(4-acetylphenyl)acetonitrile | 10266-42-9 | C10H9NO |
|
2-(4-乙基苯甲酰基)苯甲酸 | 2-(4’-ethylbenzoyl)benzoic acid | 1151-14-0 | C16H14O3 |
|
2-(4-乙基苯基)乙酸 | (4-ethyl-phenyl)-acetic acid | 14387-10-1 | C10H12O2 |
|
2-(4-三氟甲基苯基)吡咯烷 | 2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrrolidine | 298690-84-3 | C11H12F3N |
|
2-(4-三氟甲基苯基)乙胺 | 2-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-ethylamine | 775-00-8 | C9H10F3N |
|
2-(4-三氟甲基-苯基)-乙胺盐酸盐 | 2-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)ethylamine hydrochloride | 52997-74-7 | C9H10F3N*ClH |
|
2-(4-丁氧苯基)乙酰胺 | p-butoxyphenylacetamide | 3413-59-0 | C12H17NO2 |
|
2-(4-丁基苯基)乙酸酯 | 2-(4-butylphenyl)acetic acid | 14377-19-6 | C12H16O2 |
|
2-(4-(苄氧基)苯基)-N-甲基乙胺 | [2-(4-benzyloxy-phenyl)-ethyl]methylamine | 38961-21-6 | C16H19NO |
|
2-(4-(呋喃-3-基)苯基)-4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧苯甲醛 | 2-(4-(furan-3-yl)phenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane | 1359844-11-3 | C16H19BO3 |
|
2-(4-(叔丁氧基羰基)哌嗪-1-基)吡啶-3-硼酸频那醇酯 | tert-butyl 4-[3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl]piperazine-1-carboxylate | 1073354-42-3 | C20H32BN3O4 |
|
2-(4-(二甲基氨基)苯基)噻唑-4-羧酸 | 2-(4-(Dimethylamino)phenyl)thiazole-4-carboxylic acid | 955400-50-7 | C12H12N2O2S |
|
2-(4-(t-BOC)哌嗪-1-基)-4-羟基嘧啶-5-羧酸乙酯 | Ethyl 2-(4-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)piperazin-1-yl)-4-hydroxypyrimidine-5-carboxylate | 1065074-31-8 | C16H24N4O5 |
|
2-(4-(1,2,2-三苯基乙烯)苯氧基)乙酸 | 2-(4-(1,2,2-triphenylvinyl)phenoxy)acetic acid | 1471339-65-7 | C28H22O3 |
|
2-(4,6-二氯嘧啶-5-基)乙酸乙酯 | ethyl 2-(4,6-dichloropyrimidin-5-yl)acetate | 1095822-21-1 | C8H8Cl2N2O2 |
|
2-(4,6-二氨基-1,3,5-三嗪-2-基)乙基-2-甲基-2-丙烯酸酯 | 2-(4,6-Diamino-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate | 106241-72-9 | C9H13N5O2 |
|
2-(4,5-二氢-1,3-恶唑-2-基)吡啶 | 2-(pyridin-2-yl)-4,5-dihydrooxazole | 119165-69-4 | C8H8N2O |
|
2-(4,4-二甲基戊烷-2-基)-5,7,7-三甲基-辛烷-1-醇 | 2-(1,3,3-trimethyl butyl)-5,7,7-trimethyl octanol | 36400-98-3 | C18H38O |
|
2-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧环戊硼烷-2-基)芘 | 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(pyren-2-yl)-1,3,2-dioxaborolane | 853377-11-4 | C22H21BO2 |
|
2-(4'-羟苯基)-2-(4'-甲氧苯基)丙烷 | p-<1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-methylethyl>phenol | 16530-58-8 | C16H18O2 |
|
2-(3-羟基丙基)苯并咪唑 | 2-(3-hydroxypropyl)benzimidazole | 2403-66-9 | C10H12N2O |
|
2-(3-羟基-1-金刚烷)-2-氧代乙酸 | 2-(3-hydroxy-1-adamantyl)-2-oxoethanoic acid | 709031-28-7 | C12H16O4 |
|
2-(3-羟基-1-苯基丙基)-4-甲基苯酚 | 2-(3-hydroxy-1-phenylpropyl)-4-methylphenol | 851789-43-0 | C16H18O2 |
|
2-(3-碘苯基)乙酸甲酯 | methyl 2-(3-iodophenyl)acetate | 502649-73-2 | C9H9IO2 |
|