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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 有机原料

    有机原料

    有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工，粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业，煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国，早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物，以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。

    基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有：氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类（如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃）、芳香烃类（如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯）等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中，可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料；通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料；适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料；从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃；通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化，可以制得合成气；由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外，还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。

    有机原料的应用范围广泛，主要可分为三个方面：一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料，即聚合反应单体；二是用于其他有机化学工业，包括精细化工产品的原料；三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础，在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)thiophene-2-carbaldehyde 893740-97-1 C11H8O2S
    5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)thiophene-2-carbaldehyde
    —— 3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24-octaoxaheptacos-26-yn-1-amine 1196732-52-1 C19H37NO8
    3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24-octaoxaheptacos-26-yn-1-amine
    —— N<sup>1</sup>-(4-chlorophenyl)-N<sup>2</sup>-(5-fluoro-2,4-dinitrophenyl)benzene-1,2-diamine 1332634-91-9 C18H12ClFN4O4
    N<sup>1</sup>-(4-chlorophenyl)-N<sup>2</sup>-(5-fluoro-2,4-dinitrophenyl)benzene-1,2-diamine
    —— acrylic acid silver salt 5651-26-3 Ag*C3H3O2
    acrylic acid silver salt
    —— (E)-N,N-diphenyl-4-(4-(triphenylen-2-yl)styryl)aniline 1417316-64-3 C44H31N
    (E)-N,N-diphenyl-4-(4-(triphenylen-2-yl)styryl)aniline
    —— Ethanethioic acid, potassium salt 10387-40-3 C2H4KOS+
    Ethanethioic acid, potassium salt
    —— (R)-(S)-1-dimethylaminoethyl ferrocene 31886-57-4 C14H19FeN
    (R)-(S)-1-dimethylaminoethyl ferrocene
    —— 2,2-Dimethyl-4-(2-hydroxyethyl)morpholine 83497-79-4 C8H17NO2
    2,2-Dimethyl-4-(2-hydroxyethyl)morpholine
    —— Potassium trihydrogen dioxalate 127-96-8 C4KO8-3
    Potassium trihydrogen dioxalate
    —— tris(p-bromophenyl)amine radical cation 4316-58-9 C18H12Br3N
    tris(p-bromophenyl)amine radical cation
    —— 4-(4-prop-2-enoyloxybutoxycarbonyloxy)benzoic acid 297132-04-8 C15H16O7
    4-(4-prop-2-enoyloxybutoxycarbonyloxy)benzoic acid
    —— dipotassium salicylate 578-36-9 C7H4O3*2K
    dipotassium salicylate
    —— N-trifluoroacetyltert-leucine 21735-55-7 C8H12F3NO3
    N-trifluoroacetyltert-leucine
    —— tert-butyl (3R)-3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-4-oxobutanoate 1393721-12-4 C13H23NO5
    tert-butyl (3R)-3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-4-oxobutanoate
    —— tert-butyl [(1S)-2-cyclopropyl-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]carbamate 1047404-19-2 C11H21NO3
    tert-butyl [(1S)-2-cyclopropyl-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]carbamate
    —— 5-((R)-5-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)thiazolidine-2,4-dione 905724-75-6 C12H11NO3S
    5-((R)-5-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)thiazolidine-2,4-dione
    —— (4-bromo-2-ethylphenyl)methanol 877131-21-0 C9H11BrO
    (4-bromo-2-ethylphenyl)methanol
    —— 1-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-methylpropan-1-one 875916-50-0 C10H10Cl2O
    1-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-methylpropan-1-one
    —— 2,3-epoxyperfluoro-3-isopropyl-4-methylpentane 103697-22-9 C9F18O
    2,3-epoxyperfluoro-3-isopropyl-4-methylpentane
    —— norbornan-2-ol 497-36-9 C7H12O
    norbornan-2-ol
    —— 1,4-dichloro-2,5-diphenylbenzene 930796-39-7 C18H12Cl2
    1,4-dichloro-2,5-diphenylbenzene
    —— anthracene dianion 120-12-7 C14H10
    anthracene dianion
    —— rac-tert-butyl (1R,5S)-6-oxa-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-3-carboxylate 114214-49-2 C9H15NO3
    rac-tert-butyl (1R,5S)-6-oxa-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-3-carboxylate
    —— N-silver(I) succinimide 55047-82-0 Ag*C4H4NO2
    N-silver(I) succinimide
    —— 2-(methylsulfonyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid 914208-17-6 C6H6N2O4S
    2-(methylsulfonyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid
    —— 2-(diphenylphosphino)-N-methylaniline 140669-65-4 C19H18NP
    2-(diphenylphosphino)-N-methylaniline
    —— 4-{{2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-methylthiazol-5-yl}methylthio}-2-methylphenol 636589-63-4 C19H16F3NOS2
    4-{{2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-methylthiazol-5-yl}methylthio}-2-methylphenol
    —— methyl 1-(4-nitrophenyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate 23348-98-3 C11H11NO4
    methyl 1-(4-nitrophenyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate
    —— (3aR,4R,7S,7aS)-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-1H-4,7-methanoisoindole-1,3(2H)-dione 6319-06-8 C9H9NO2
    (3aR,4R,7S,7aS)-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-1H-4,7-methanoisoindole-1,3(2H)-dione
    —— 3-(benzyloxy)-2-nitrophenol 213685-59-7 C13H11NO4
    3-(benzyloxy)-2-nitrophenol
    —— 6-bromopyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-4(3H)-one 888721-83-3 C6H4BrN3O
    6-bromopyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-4(3H)-one
    —— (4-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethoxy)phenyl)methanol 223251-13-6 C14H21NO2
    (4-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethoxy)phenyl)methanol
    —— 1,1,5-trihydroperfluoropentyl 2-hydroxyethyl ether 50997-69-8 C7H8F8O2
    1,1,5-trihydroperfluoropentyl 2-hydroxyethyl ether
    —— 2-bromo-6-methylimidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole 230637-04-4 C5H4BrN3S
    2-bromo-6-methylimidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole
    —— N-(5-(2-bromoacetyl)-4-methylthiazol-2-yl)-acetamide 32519-74-7 C8H9BrN2O2S
    N-(5-(2-bromoacetyl)-4-methylthiazol-2-yl)-acetamide
    —— (+/-)-(1S*,2R*,6S*,7R*)-4-Oxatricyclo<5.2.1.0<sup>2,6</sup>>dec-8-en-3-one 85718-44-1 C9H10O2
    (+/-)-(1S*,2R*,6S*,7R*)-4-Oxatricyclo<5.2.1.0<sup>2,6</sup>>dec-8-en-3-one
    —— 4-(p-maleimido-phenyl)butyrate (Succinimidyl 4-(p-maleimido-phenyl)butyrate) 100072-54-6 C14H13NO4
    4-(p-maleimido-phenyl)butyrate (Succinimidyl 4-(p-maleimido-phenyl)butyrate)
    —— 1-phenylthio-1-propyne 6212-77-7 C9H8S
    1-phenylthio-1-propyne
    —— 1-(4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl)-1-(4-aminophenyl)-1-(6-oxido-6H-dibenz[c,e][1,2]oxaphosphorin-6-yl)ethane 1268247-25-1 C32H27N2O3P
    1-(4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl)-1-(4-aminophenyl)-1-(6-oxido-6H-dibenz[c,e][1,2]oxaphosphorin-6-yl)ethane
    —— 1,5-dithiocane 6572-95-8 C6H12S2
    1,5-dithiocane
    —— 4-(difluoromethyl)benzonitrile 55805-10-2 C8H5F2N
    4-(difluoromethyl)benzonitrile
    —— 5-(difluoromethoxy)-1,4-dimethyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole 656825-65-9 C7H7F5N2O
    5-(difluoromethoxy)-1,4-dimethyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole
    —— 3-[[[5-(hydroxy)-1-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]methyl]thio]-4,5-dihydro-5,5-dimethylisoxazole 447402-29-1 C11H14F3N3O2S
    3-[[[5-(hydroxy)-1-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]methyl]thio]-4,5-dihydro-5,5-dimethylisoxazole
    —— propynylamine 2450-71-7 C3H5N
    propynylamine
    —— trans-1,2-Dibrom-cyclopentan 10230-26-9 C5H8Br2
    trans-1,2-Dibrom-cyclopentan
    —— 3-chloro-5-[(2,3-difluoro-6-nitrophenyl)oxy]benzonitrile 770719-09-0 C13H5ClF2N2O3
    3-chloro-5-[(2,3-difluoro-6-nitrophenyl)oxy]benzonitrile
    —— cis-1,2-cyclopropanedicarboxylic acid 696-74-2 C5H6O4
    cis-1,2-cyclopropanedicarboxylic acid
    —— 1,3-dibromo-5-(tert-butyl)-2-iodobenzene 172368-00-2 C10H11Br2I
    1,3-dibromo-5-(tert-butyl)-2-iodobenzene
    —— (+)-Dimethyl trans-cyclopropanedicarboxylate 16205-67-7 C7H10O4
    (+)-Dimethyl trans-cyclopropanedicarboxylate
    —— Potassium trihydrogen dioxalate dihydrate 6100-20-5 C2H4K2O6
    Potassium trihydrogen dioxalate dihydrate