有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工,粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业,煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国,早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物,以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。
基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有:氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类(如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃)、芳香烃类(如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯)等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中,可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料;通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料;适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料;从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃;通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化,可以制得合成气;由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外,还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。
有机原料的应用范围广泛,主要可分为三个方面:一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料,即聚合反应单体;二是用于其他有机化学工业,包括精细化工产品的原料;三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础,在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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1,4,8,11,15,18,22,25-八丁氧基酞菁锌盐 | (1,4,8,11,15,18,22,25-octabutoxy-29H,31H-phthalocyanine)zinc(II) | 107227-89-4 | C64H80N8O8Zn |
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1,4,8,11,15,18,22,25-八丁氧基-29H,31H-酞菁镍 | nickel(II) 1,4,8,11,15,18,22,25-octabutoxy-29H,31H-phthalocyanine | 155773-71-0 | C64H80N8NiO8 |
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1,4,7-三硫环壬烷 | 1,4,7-trithiacyclononane | 6573-11-1 | C6H12S3 |
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1,4,7-三氮杂环壬烷-N,N',N''-三乙酸 | 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid | 56491-86-2 | C12H21N3O6 |
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1,4,7,10-四硫环十二烷 | 1,4,7,10-tetrathiacyclododecane | 25423-56-7 | C8H16S4 |
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1,4,7,10-四氮杂环十二烷-1,7-二羧酸二苄酯 | 1,4,7,10-tetraaza-cyclododecane-1,7-dicarboxylic acid dibenzyl ester | 162148-45-0 | C24H32N4O4 |
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1,4,7,10-四氮杂环十二烷-1,4,7,10-四乙酸四叔丁酯 | tetra-(tert-butoxycarbonylmethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane hydrochloride | 585531-74-4 | C32H60N4O8 |
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1,4,7,10-四氮杂环十二烷-1,4,7,10-四(甲基膦酸) | 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetrakis(methylene phosphonic acid) | 91987-74-5 | C12H32N4O12P4 |
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1,4,7,10-四(氨基羰甲基)-1,4,7,10-四氮杂环十二烷 | 1,4,7,10-tetrakis-(carbamoylmethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane | 157599-02-5 | C16H32N8O4 |
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1,4,7,10,13-五氮杂环十五烷 | pentaaza-15-crown-5 | 295-64-7 | C10H25N5 |
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1,4,5-三苯基-1H-咪唑-2-硫醇 | 1,4,5-triphenylimidazole-2-thione | 2349-59-9 | C21H16N2S |
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1,4,5,8-萘四甲酸 | naphthalene-1,4,5,8-tetracarboxylic acid | 128-97-2 | C14H8O8 |
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1,4,5,6-四氢环戊并c吡唑盐酸盐 | 5,6-dihydro-1H,4H-cyclopenta[c]pyrazole | 2214-03-1 | C6H8N2 |
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1,3:2,5:4,6-三-o-亚甲基-D-甘露糖醇 | 1,3-2,5-4,6-tri-O-methylene-D-mannitol | 5434-31-1 | C9H14O6 |
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1,3-金刚烷二醇单丙烯酸酯 | 3-hydroxy-1-adamantyl acrylate | 216581-76-9 | C13H18O3 |
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1,3-金刚烷二胺 | 1,3-diaminoadamantane | 10303-95-4 | C10H18N2 |
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1,3-金刚烷二甲醇 | 1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)adamantane | 17071-62-4 | C12H20O2 |
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1,3-金刚烷二甲酸 | adamantane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid | 39269-10-8 | C12H16O4 |
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1,3-金刚烷二乙酸 | 1,3-adamantane diacetic acid | 17768-28-4 | C14H20O4 |
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1,3-苯并恶唑-6-羧酸 | benzo[d]oxazole-6-carboxylic acid | 154235-77-5 | C8H5NO3 |
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1,3-苯并噻唑-5-甲醛 | benzo[d]thiazole-5-carbaldehyde | 394223-38-2 | C8H5NOS |
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1,3-苯并噻唑-2-基(2-氯-4-嘧啶基)乙腈 | 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-chloro-4-pyrimidinyl)-acetonitrile | 345986-38-1 | C13H7ClN4S |
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1,3-苯并噁唑-2-乙腈 | 2-(benzo[d]oxazol-2-yl)acetonitrile | 15344-56-6 | C9H6N2O |
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1,3-苯并二氧杂环戊烯-5-乙腈 | 1,3-benzodioxole-5-acetonitrile | 4439-02-5 | C9H7NO2 |
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1,3-苯并二氧戊环-5-基甲基苯乙酸酯 | benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-ylmethyl 2-phenylacetate | 5457-86-3 | C16H14O4 |
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1,3-苯二甲醇, ALPHA1-(氨基甲基)-4-羟基- | 2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-hydroxymethylphenyl)-ethanamine | 24085-19-6 | C9H13NO3 |
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1,3-苯二甲酸二甲酯-5-磺酸钠 | Dimethyl 5-sulfoisophthalate sodium salt | 3965-55-7 | C10H10NaO7S |
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1,3-环庚二酮 | cycloheptane-1,3-dione | 1194-18-9 | C7H10O2 |
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1,3-环庚二烯 | Cyclohepta-1,3-diene | 4054-38-0 | C7H10 |
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1,3-环己二甲酸 | cyclohexane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid | 3971-31-1 | C8H12O4 |
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1,3-环己二甲胺 | 1,3-bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane | 2579-20-6 | C8H18N2 |
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1,3-氧氮杂己环-2-酮 | [1,3]oxazinan-2-one | 5259-97-2 | C4H7NO2 |
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1,3-恶唑烷 | 1,3-oxazolidine | 504-76-7 | C3H7NO |
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1,3-双[双(3,5-二甲基苯基)磷]丙烷 | 1,3-bis(bis(3,5-dimethylphenyl)phosphino)propane | 220185-36-4 | C35H42P2 |
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1,3-双[二(2-甲氧基苯基)膦]丙烷 | 1,3-bis[di(2-methoxyphenyl)-phosphino]propane | 116163-96-3 | C31H34O4P2 |
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1,3-双[4-(三氟甲基)苯基]尿素 | 1,3-bis(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)urea | 1960-88-9 | C15H10F6N2O |
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1,3-双[4-(3-氨基苯氧基)苯甲酰基]苯 | 1,3-bis[4-(3-aminophenoxy)benzoyl]benzene | 110471-15-3 | C32H24N2O4 |
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1,3-双[3-(二甲胺基)丙基]脲 | N,N'-(ω-dimethylaminopropyl)-urea | 52338-87-1 | C11H26N4O |
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1,3-双[2,6-双(1-乙基丙基)苯基]咪唑氯化物 | 1,3-bis(2,6-di(3-pentyl)phenyl)imidazolium chloride | 1157867-61-2 | C35H53N2*Cl |
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1,3-双-[4-(3-氯苯基)哌嗪-1-基]丙烷 | 1,3-bis-[4-(3-chloro-phenyl)-piperazino]-propane | 6323-09-7 | C23H30Cl2N4 |
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1,3-双-(2,6-二异丙基苯基)咪唑鎓氯化物 | 1,3-bis[(2,6-diisopropyl)phenyl]imidazolinium chloride | 258278-25-0 | C27H39N2*Cl |
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1,3-双(苯基膦酰)丙烷 | 1,3-Bis(phenylphosphino)propan | 28240-66-6 | C15H18P2 |
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1,3-双(羟甲基-2(1H)四氢-嘧啶酮 | 2(1H)-Pyrimidinone, tetrahydro-1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)- | 3270-74-4 | C6H12N2O3 |
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1,3-双(甲氧基甲基)-4,5-二甲氧基-2-咪唑啉酮 | 2-Imidazolidinone, 4,5-dimethoxy-1,3-bis(methoxymethyl)- | 4356-60-9 | C9H18N2O5 |
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1,3-双(二苯基膦甲基)苯 | 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphinomethyl)benzene | 89756-88-7 | C32H28P2 |
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1,3-双(二苯基膦)丙烷 | 1,3-bis-(diphenylphosphino)propane | 6737-42-4 | C27H26P2 |
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1,3-双(二环己基磷)丙烷 | 1,3-bis(dicyclohexylphosphine)propane | 103099-52-1 | C27H50P2 |
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1,3-双(二氯膦)苯 | m-Phenylenbis(dichlorphosphan) | 82495-68-9 | C6H4Cl4P2 |
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1,3-双(二氯膦)丙烷 | 1,3-Propandiylbis(dichlorphosphan) | 28240-70-2 | C3H6Cl4P2 |
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1,3-双(二叔丁基膦甲基)苯 | 1,3-bis[(di-tert-butylphosphino)methyl]benzene | 149968-36-5 | C24H44P2 |
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