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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 有机原料

    有机原料

    有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工，粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业，煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国，早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物，以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。

    基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有：氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类（如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃）、芳香烃类（如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯）等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中，可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料；通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料；适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料；从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃；通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化，可以制得合成气；由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外，还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。

    有机原料的应用范围广泛，主要可分为三个方面：一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料，即聚合反应单体；二是用于其他有机化学工业，包括精细化工产品的原料；三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础，在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— Guanosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate), trilithium salt 85737-04-8 C10H13Li3N5O14P3
    Guanosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate), trilithium salt
    —— Europium;4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one 14284-86-7 C15H24EuO6
    Europium;4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one
    —— 6-Azido-5-(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)-2,2-dimethyl-3a,5,6,6a-tetrahydrofuro[2,3-d][1,3]dioxole 13964-23-3 C12H19N3O5
    6-Azido-5-(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)-2,2-dimethyl-3a,5,6,6a-tetrahydrofuro[2,3-d][1,3]dioxole
    —— Dysprosium(III) nitrate pentahydrate 10031-49-9 DyH10N3O14
    Dysprosium(III) nitrate pentahydrate
    —— Oxalic acid;ytterbium;decahydrate 51373-68-3 C6H26O22Yb2
    Oxalic acid;ytterbium;decahydrate
    —— manganese;oxalic acid;dihydrate 6556-16-7 C2H6MnO6
    manganese;oxalic acid;dihydrate
    —— Bis(2,4-pentanedionato)nickel(II) 120156-44-7 C10H18NiO5
    Bis(2,4-pentanedionato)nickel(II)
    —— Europium(III) carbonate hydrate 86546-99-8 C3H2Eu2O10
    Europium(III) carbonate hydrate
    —— Tris(oxalic acid) hydrate diytterbium 58176-74-2 C6H8O13Yb2
    Tris(oxalic acid) hydrate diytterbium
    —— carbon monoxide;N-[[(6E)-6-(ditert-butylphosphanylmethylidene)pyridin-1-id-2-yl]methyl]-N-ethylethanamine;ruthenium(1+) monohydride 863971-63-5 C20H35N2OPRu
    carbon monoxide;N-[[(6E)-6-(ditert-butylphosphanylmethylidene)pyridin-1-id-2-yl]methyl]-N-ethylethanamine;ruthenium(1+) monohydride
    —— (5Z)-cycloocta-1,5-diene;(S)-(2-methoxyphenyl)-[2-[(2-methoxyphenyl)-phenylphosphanyl]ethyl]-phenylphosphane;rhodium;tetrafluoroborate 71423-54-6 C36H40BF4O2P2Rh-
    (5Z)-cycloocta-1,5-diene;(S)-(2-methoxyphenyl)-[2-[(2-methoxyphenyl)-phenylphosphanyl]ethyl]-phenylphosphane;rhodium;tetrafluoroborate
    —— Cyclooctadiene iridium chloride dimer 12112-67-3 C16H24Cl2Ir2-2
    Cyclooctadiene iridium chloride dimer
    —— (5Z)-cycloocta-1,5-diene;2-methanidylprop-1-ene;ruthenium(2+) 12289-94-0 C16H26Ru
    (5Z)-cycloocta-1,5-diene;2-methanidylprop-1-ene;ruthenium(2+)
    —— Bis(acetonitrile)(1,5-cyclooctadiene) Rhodium(1) tetrafluoroborate 32679-02-0 C12H18BF4N2Rh-
    Bis(acetonitrile)(1,5-cyclooctadiene) Rhodium(1) tetrafluoroborate
    —— Disodium dl-malate hydrate 64887-73-6 C4H6Na2O6
    Disodium dl-malate hydrate
    —— 1-Butanol, germanium(4+) salt (4:1) 25063-27-8 C16H36GeO4
    1-Butanol, germanium(4+) salt (4:1)
    —— 1,1,1,5,5,5-Hexafluoro-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;yttrium 18911-76-7 C15H6F18O6Y
    1,1,1,5,5,5-Hexafluoro-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;yttrium
    —— 6-Cyanmethyl-nicotinsaeure-ethylester 90915-33-6 C10H10N2O2
    6-Cyanmethyl-nicotinsaeure-ethylester
    —— Dipotassium;2,3-dihydroxybutanedioate 921-53-9 C4H4K2O6
    Dipotassium;2,3-dihydroxybutanedioate
    —— (Octadec-9-enyl acetoacetato-O1',O3)dipropan-2-olatoaluminium 80481-35-2 C28H53AlO5
    (Octadec-9-enyl acetoacetato-O1',O3)dipropan-2-olatoaluminium
    —— Potassium 1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-5-nitro-2,6-dioxopyrimidine-4-carboxylate 60779-49-9 C5H2N3O6-
    Potassium 1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-5-nitro-2,6-dioxopyrimidine-4-carboxylate
    —— 4-[(Pyrrolidin-1-yl)methyl]anilinium 142335-64-6 C11H17N2+
    4-[(Pyrrolidin-1-yl)methyl]anilinium
    —— Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)lead 14221-01-3 C72H60P4Pb
    Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)lead
    —— cyclopentane;1-cyclopentyl-N,N-dimethylmethanamine;iron 1271-86-9 C13H27FeN
    cyclopentane;1-cyclopentyl-N,N-dimethylmethanamine;iron
    —— Bis[(1,2,3,4,5-I.)-1-butyl-2,4-cyclopentadien-1-yl]dichlorozirconium 73364-10-0 C18H36Cl2Zr
    Bis[(1,2,3,4,5-I.)-1-butyl-2,4-cyclopentadien-1-yl]dichlorozirconium
    —— disodium;barium(2+);2-[2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxylatomethyl)amino]acetate;hydrate 18744-58-6 C10H14BaN2Na2O9
    disodium;barium(2+);2-[2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxylatomethyl)amino]acetate;hydrate
    —— [1R-(1alpha,4abeta,4balpha,10aalpha)]-1,2,3,4,4a,4b,5,6,10,10a-decahydro-1,4a-dimethyl-7-(isopropyl)phenanthrene-1-carboxylic acid, copper salt 10248-55-2 C20H29O2-
    [1R-(1alpha,4abeta,4balpha,10aalpha)]-1,2,3,4,4a,4b,5,6,10,10a-decahydro-1,4a-dimethyl-7-(isopropyl)phenanthrene-1-carboxylic acid, copper salt
    —— 3-(Dimethylamino)propyl 2-(benzylamino)benzoate 87453-76-7 C19H24N2O2
    3-(Dimethylamino)propyl 2-(benzylamino)benzoate
    —— 7-<D(-)-α-<3-(2-(N-Ethyl-N-oxaloamino)ethyl)ureido>-α-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido>-3-<(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-thiomethyl>-3-cephem-4-carbonsaeure 73240-07-0 C25H29N9O9S2
    7-<D(-)-α-<3-(2-(N-Ethyl-N-oxaloamino)ethyl)ureido>-α-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido>-3-<(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-thiomethyl>-3-cephem-4-carbonsaeure
    —— Cobalt(II) gluconate hydrate 71957-08-9 C6H12CoO7+2
    Cobalt(II) gluconate hydrate
    —— 1,1,1,5,5,5-Hexafluoro-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate;palladium(2+) 64916-48-9 C10H2F12O4Pd
    1,1,1,5,5,5-Hexafluoro-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate;palladium(2+)
    —— cerium(3+) bis((2Z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate) 4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate 15653-01-7 C15H21CeO6
    cerium(3+) bis((2Z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate) 4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate
    —— 2-(Tert-butylamino)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)propan-1-one 252193-58-1 C13H18ClNO
    2-(Tert-butylamino)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)propan-1-one
    —— Sulfasuccinamide sodium 93777-01-6 C10H11N2NaO5S
    Sulfasuccinamide sodium
    —— (4Z)-4-[(E)-3-[3-carboxy-5-oxo-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-2H-pyrazol-4-yl]prop-2-enylidene]-5-oxo-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid 76552-35-7 C15H10F6N4O6
    (4Z)-4-[(E)-3-[3-carboxy-5-oxo-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-2H-pyrazol-4-yl]prop-2-enylidene]-5-oxo-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid
    —— Potassium 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-tridecafluorooctanesulphonate 59587-38-1 C8H4F13KO3S
    Potassium 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-tridecafluorooctanesulphonate
    —— Sodium 3-[(4-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)azo]benzoate 10142-37-7 C14H12N3NaO3
    Sodium 3-[(4-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)azo]benzoate
    —— Sodium 3-((2,4-diaminophenyl)azo)-4-hydroxybenzenesulphonate 6054-80-4 C12H11N4NaO4S
    Sodium 3-((2,4-diaminophenyl)azo)-4-hydroxybenzenesulphonate
    —— Sodium 7-((chloroacetyl)amino)-4-hydroxy-3-(phenylazo)naphthalene-2-sulphonate 5572-43-0 C18H13ClN3NaO5S
    Sodium 7-((chloroacetyl)amino)-4-hydroxy-3-(phenylazo)naphthalene-2-sulphonate
    —— N-{[(2-Methyl-4-nitrophenyl)imino](sulfanyl)methyl}furan-2-carboximidic acid 6160-36-7 C13H11N3O4S
    N-{[(2-Methyl-4-nitrophenyl)imino](sulfanyl)methyl}furan-2-carboximidic acid
    —— (3aR,5S,6S,6aS)-6-azido-5-[(4R)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-3a,5,6,6a-tetrahydrofuro[2,3-d][1,3]dioxole 13964-23-3 C12H19N3O5
    (3aR,5S,6S,6aS)-6-azido-5-[(4R)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-3a,5,6,6a-tetrahydrofuro[2,3-d][1,3]dioxole
    —— 3-Acetamido-5-brom-4-methyl-2-nitrobenzoesaeure 34545-18-1 C10H9BrN2O5
    3-Acetamido-5-brom-4-methyl-2-nitrobenzoesaeure
    —— Sodium 3,4-difluorobenzoate 522651-44-1 C7H3F2NaO2
    Sodium 3,4-difluorobenzoate
    —— Sodium 2,4,5-trifluorobenzoate 522651-48-5 C7H2F3NaO2
    Sodium 2,4,5-trifluorobenzoate
    —— Sodium 2,5-difluorobenzoate 522651-42-9 C7H3F2NaO2
    Sodium 2,5-difluorobenzoate
    —— Neodymium(3+) tris((2Z)-5,5,5-trifluoro-4-oxopent-2-EN-2-olate) 37473-67-9 C15H12F9NdO6
    Neodymium(3+) tris((2Z)-5,5,5-trifluoro-4-oxopent-2-EN-2-olate)
    —— Magnesium;1,1,1-trifluoro-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate 53633-79-7 C10H8F6MgO4
    Magnesium;1,1,1-trifluoro-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate
    —— 3-[(Tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]-3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid 284493-68-1 C14H19NO5
    3-[(Tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]-3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid
    —— (3S,4R)-1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-4-(3-cyanophenyl)pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid 959580-33-7 C17H20N2O4
    (3S,4R)-1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-4-(3-cyanophenyl)pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid
    —— Tris(hexafluoroacetylacetonato)iron(III) 17786-67-3 C15H3F18FeO6
    Tris(hexafluoroacetylacetonato)iron(III)