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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 有机原料

    有机原料

    有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工，粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业，煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国，早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物，以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。

    基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有：氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类（如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃）、芳香烃类（如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯）等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中，可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料；通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料；适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料；从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃；通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化，可以制得合成气；由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外，还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。

    有机原料的应用范围广泛，主要可分为三个方面：一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料，即聚合反应单体；二是用于其他有机化学工业，包括精细化工产品的原料；三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础，在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— N-(4-methoxy-2-methylphenyl)-3-nitropyridin-4-amine 1513682-06-8 C13H13N3O3
    N-(4-methoxy-2-methylphenyl)-3-nitropyridin-4-amine
    —— 4-bromobenzyltriphenylphosphonium chloride 3462-94-0 C25H21BrP*Cl
    4-bromobenzyltriphenylphosphonium chloride
    —— 8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-ylmethanol 60941-77-7 C8H15NO
    8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-ylmethanol
    —— 1-benzyl-3-benzyloxycarbonylaminopyrrolidine 819080-06-3 C19H22N2O2
    1-benzyl-3-benzyloxycarbonylaminopyrrolidine
    —— DL-trans-4-acetoxy-2-cyclopentenol 60410-17-5 C7H10O3
    DL-trans-4-acetoxy-2-cyclopentenol
    —— 3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)propylamine hydrochloride 59734-58-6 C11H17NO2*ClH
    3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)propylamine hydrochloride
    —— N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-β<sup>2</sup>-homophenylalanine 26250-90-8 C15H21NO4
    N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-β<sup>2</sup>-homophenylalanine
    —— (S)-2-[(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)methyl]-3-phenylpropanoic acid 26250-90-8 C15H21NO4
    (S)-2-[(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)methyl]-3-phenylpropanoic acid
    —— 5-ethenyl-2-nitrophenyl methyl ether 883901-80-2 C9H9NO3
    5-ethenyl-2-nitrophenyl methyl ether
    —— 9-hydroxy-4-methyl-benzo[<i>h</i>]chromen-2-one 106782-31-4 C14H10O3
    9-hydroxy-4-methyl-benzo[<i>h</i>]chromen-2-one
    —— [17-(1-acetyloxyethyl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl] acetate 1174-69-2 C25H40O4
    [17-(1-acetyloxyethyl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl] acetate
    —— potassium monobenzyl malonate 41087-88-1 C10H9O4*K
    potassium monobenzyl malonate
    —— CYCLOHEXANE-1,4-DICARBONITRILE 6550-85-2 C8H10N2
    CYCLOHEXANE-1,4-DICARBONITRILE
    —— ((3-nitro-phenyl)-methyl-amino)-acetic acid 942232-50-0 C9H10N2O4
    ((3-nitro-phenyl)-methyl-amino)-acetic acid
    —— (4-chloro-1H-indol-1-yl)acetic acid 1092303-15-5 C10H8ClNO2
    (4-chloro-1H-indol-1-yl)acetic acid
    —— copper(II) phthalate 10027-30-2 C8H4O4*Cu
    copper(II) phthalate
    —— Methyl 2-aminocyclopentanecarboxylate hydrochloride 1333850-16-0 C7H14ClNO2
    Methyl 2-aminocyclopentanecarboxylate hydrochloride
    —— (2S)-1-(morpholin-4-yl)-3-phenylpropan-2-amine 200267-77-2 C13H20N2O
    (2S)-1-(morpholin-4-yl)-3-phenylpropan-2-amine
    —— 6-amino-1-ethyl-3-methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione 41862-13-9 C7H11N3O2
    6-amino-1-ethyl-3-methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione
    —— 8-hydrazino-quinoline dihydrochloride 91004-61-4 C9H9N3*2ClH
    8-hydrazino-quinoline dihydrochloride
    —— tert-butyl 4-fluoro-4-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl]piperidine-1-carboxylate 1093064-85-7 C16H21BrFNO2
    tert-butyl 4-fluoro-4-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl]piperidine-1-carboxylate
    —— 5-bromo-1,6-dimethyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carbonitrile 450841-30-2 C8H7BrN2O
    5-bromo-1,6-dimethyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carbonitrile
    —— dodecane-2,4-dione 65351-33-9 C12H22O2
    dodecane-2,4-dione
    —— 3-((<i>S</i>)-prop-2-ene-1-sulfinyl)-D-alanine 556-27-4 C6H11NO3S
    3-((<i>S</i>)-prop-2-ene-1-sulfinyl)-D-alanine
    —— (+/-)-alloisocitric acid 320-77-4 C6H8O7
    (+/-)-alloisocitric acid
    —— Isocitronensaeure 320-77-4 C6H8O7
    Isocitronensaeure
    —— P(i)Pr2[3,5-(CF3)2C6H3] 387878-90-2 C14H17F6P
    P(i)Pr2[3,5-(CF3)2C6H3]
    —— 10-hydroxyoleoside 11-methyl ester 131836-11-8 C17H24O12
    10-hydroxyoleoside 11-methyl ester
    —— bromomethylbenzophenone 59310-31-5 C14H11BrO
    bromomethylbenzophenone
    —— 4-fluoro-4-methylpentanoic acid 1383116-40-2 C6H11FO2
    4-fluoro-4-methylpentanoic acid
    —— <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-dimethyl-<i>cis</i>-cyclohexane-1,2-diyldiamine 67198-21-4 C8H18N2
    <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-dimethyl-<i>cis</i>-cyclohexane-1,2-diyldiamine
    —— (2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-(Acetoxymethyl)-6-oxotetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate 61259-48-1 C14H18O10
    (2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-(Acetoxymethyl)-6-oxotetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate
    —— 5-amino-2'-methyl-biphenyl-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester 215919-28-1 C15H15NO2
    5-amino-2'-methyl-biphenyl-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester
    —— 4'-(4-bromophenyl)-4-propylbicyclohexyl 89409-95-0 C21H31Br
    4'-(4-bromophenyl)-4-propylbicyclohexyl
    —— 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one 90035-32-8 C16H14O2
    3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one
    —— 6'-amino-2',3'-dimethoxyacetophenone 98300-41-5 C10H13NO3
    6'-amino-2',3'-dimethoxyacetophenone
    —— 4,5-bis(dodecyloxy)benzene-1,2-diamine 190435-62-2 C30H56N2O2
    4,5-bis(dodecyloxy)benzene-1,2-diamine
    —— 3,5,5-Trimethyl-2-cyclohexenone tosylhydrazone 21195-62-0 C16H22N2O2S
    3,5,5-Trimethyl-2-cyclohexenone tosylhydrazone
    —— (R)-3-fluorophenylglycine 25698-44-6 C8H8FNO2
    (R)-3-fluorophenylglycine
    —— (S)-2-amino-3-(2,2'-bipyridin-5-yl)propanoic acid 146581-79-5 C13H13N3O2
    (S)-2-amino-3-(2,2'-bipyridin-5-yl)propanoic acid
    —— 4-(pyridin-4-yl)benzene-1,2-diamine 80420-88-8 C11H11N3
    4-(pyridin-4-yl)benzene-1,2-diamine
    —— (E)-1-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)but-2-en-1-one 1360924-07-7 C11H9F3O
    (E)-1-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)but-2-en-1-one
    —— (±)-trans-2-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid 35501-81-6 C5H8O3
    (±)-trans-2-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid
    —— (E)-2-benzylidenehexanal 7492-44-6 C13H16O
    (E)-2-benzylidenehexanal
    —— Tert-butyl 4-benzyl-2,5-dioxo-1,3-oxazolidine-3-carboxylate 142955-51-9 C15H17NO5
    Tert-butyl 4-benzyl-2,5-dioxo-1,3-oxazolidine-3-carboxylate
    —— ethyl 2-(7-bromoimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl)acetate 1363383-34-9 C11H11BrN2O2
    ethyl 2-(7-bromoimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl)acetate
    —— rubidium formate 3495-35-0 CHO2*Rb
    rubidium formate
    —— 1-β-D-thioglucose sodium salt 62778-20-5 C6H11O5S*Na
    1-β-D-thioglucose sodium salt
    —— 1,3,5-tris-[3,5-(dicarboxy)phenoxymethyl]benzene 98036-00-1 C33H24O15
    1,3,5-tris-[3,5-(dicarboxy)phenoxymethyl]benzene
    —— 2'-fluoro-[1,1'-biphenyl]-3-ol 80254-63-3 C12H9FO
    2'-fluoro-[1,1'-biphenyl]-3-ol