有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工,粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业,煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国,早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物,以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。
基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有:氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类(如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃)、芳香烃类(如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯)等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中,可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料;通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料;适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料;从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃;通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化,可以制得合成气;由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外,还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。
有机原料的应用范围广泛,主要可分为三个方面:一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料,即聚合反应单体;二是用于其他有机化学工业,包括精细化工产品的原料;三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础,在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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(4-氟苯基硫)乙酸 | (4-fluorophenylthio)acetic acid | 332-51-4 | C8H7FO2S |
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(4-氟苯基硫)乙腈 | 2-((4-fluorophenyl)thio)acetonitrile | 18527-21-4 | C8H6FNS |
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(4-氟苯基乙炔)三甲基硅烷 | 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-trimethylsilylacetylene | 130995-12-9 | C11H13FSi |
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(4-氟苯基)亚膦酸二氯化物 | p-Fluor-phenyl-dichlorphosphin | 5510-93-0 | C6H4Cl2FP |
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(4-氟苯基)-(4-哌啶基)胺 | (fluoro-4 anilino)-4 piperidine | 38043-08-2 | C11H15FN2 |
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(4-氟苄基)膦酸二乙酯 | diethyl (4-fluorobenzyl)phosphonate | 63909-58-0 | C11H16FO3P |
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(4-氟苄基)三苯基氯化膦 | (4-fluorobenzyl)triphenylphosphonium chloride | 3462-95-1 | C25H21FP*Cl |
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(4-氟四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)甲醇 | (4-fluorotetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)methanol | 883442-46-4 | C6H11FO2 |
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(4-异丙氧基苯基)-肼盐酸盐 | (4-isopropoxyphenyl)hydrazine hydrochloride | 104033-62-7 | C9H14N2O*ClH |
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(4-异丁基苯基)三氟硼酸钾 | Potassium (4-isobutylphenyl)trifluoroborate | 850623-66-4 | C10H13BF3*K |
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(4-壬基苯氧基)乙酸 | (Nonylphenoxy)acetic acid | 3115-49-9 | C17H26O3 |
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(4-噻吩-3-苯基)甲醇 | 3-(4-hydroxymethyl-phenyl)thiophene | 160278-20-6 | C11H10OS |
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(4-吗啉基甲基)苯并三唑 | 1-(4-morpholinomethyl)-1H-benzotriazole | 5472-71-9 | C11H14N4O |
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(4-叔丁基苯基)三氟硼酸钾 | potassium (4-tert-butyl)phenyltrifluoroborate | 423118-47-2 | C10H13BF3*K |
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(4-乙氧基苯基)三氟硼酸钾 | Potassium (4-ethoxyphenyl)trifluoroborate | 850623-60-8 | C8H9BF3KO |
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(4-乙基噻吩基)三氟硼酸钾 | Potassium (4-(ethylthio)phenyl)trifluoroborate | 850623-75-5 | C8H9BF3KS |
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(4-三氟甲基苯基)三氟硼酸钾 | potassium 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyltrifluoroborate | 166328-08-1 | C7H4BF6*K |
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(4-三氟甲基-3-吡啶)-甲醇 | (4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)methanol | 198401-76-2 | C7H6F3NO |
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(4-FMOC-氨基四氢噻喃-4-基)乙酸 | [4-({[(9H-Fluoren-9-yl)methoxy]carbonyl}amino)tetrahydro-2H-thiopyran-4-yl]acetic acid | 946727-62-4 | C22H23NO4S |
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(4-CBZ-氨基苯基)三氟硼酸钾 | 4-(benzyloxycarbonylamino)-phenyl trifluoroborate | 850623-45-9 | C14H12BF3NO2*K |
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(4-(羟基甲基)-2-甲基苯基)硼酸 | [4-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylphenyl]boronic acid | 166386-66-9 | C8H11BO3 |
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(4-(噻唑-2-基)苯基)甲胺盐酸盐 | (4-(thiazol-2-yl)phenyl)methanamine hydrochloride | 1187451-28-0 | C10H10N2S*ClH |
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(4-(乙基磺酰基)苯基)甲胺 | (4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)methanamine | 583837-94-9 | C9H13NO2S |
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(4-(三氟甲基)噻唑-2-基)甲醇 | (4-(trifluoromethyl)thiazol-2-yl)methanol | 204319-69-7 | C5H4F3NOS |
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(4-(4-甲基哌嗪-1-基)-3-硝基苯基)甲醇 | [4-(4-methyl-piperidin-1-yl)-3-nitro-phenyl]-methanol | 791587-68-3 | C13H18N2O3 |
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(4-(1H-吡唑并3,4-b吡啶-4-基)吗啉-2-基)甲胺 | (4-(1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-4-yl)morpholin-2-yl)methanamine | 1034769-58-8 | C11H15N5O |
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(4,8-双((2-乙基己基)氧基)苯并[1,2-b:4,5-b]二噻吩-2,6-二基)双(三甲基锡) | 2,6-bis(trimethyltin)-4,8-di(2-ethylhexyloxy)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene | 1160823-78-8 | C32H54O2S2Sn2 |
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(4,6-二甲基嘧啶-5-基)甲醇 | (4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-5-yl)methanol | 1067230-39-0 | C7H10N2O |
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(4,6-二氯-2-嘧啶)-肼 | 4,6-Dichloro-2-hydrazinylpyrimidine | 887592-69-0 | C4H4Cl2N4 |
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(4,5,6,7-四氢吡唑并[1,5-a]吡嗪-2-基)甲醇 | (4,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazin-2-yl)methanol | 623565-69-5 | C7H11N3O |
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(3β,5β,8xi,9xi,11α)-3,11,14-三羟基-12-羰基蟾蜍-20,22-二烯交酯 | 4-((4-Amino-2-sulfophenyl)azo)-4,5-dihydro-5-oxo-1-(4-sulfophenyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid | 5656-10-0 | C16H13N5O9S2 |
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(3Β,5Alpha,7Alpha)-3-[[3-((4-氨基丁基)氨基)丙基]氨基]胆甾烷-7,24-二醇24-氢硫酸酯 | squalamine | 148717-90-2 | C34H65N3O5S |
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(3beta,7alpha,15alpha)-3,7,15-三羟基雄甾-5-烯-17-酮 | 3β,7α,15α-trihydroxy-5-androstene-17-one | 2963-69-1 | C19H28O4 |
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(3beta)-茄啶-5-烯-3-醇盐酸盐 | solanid-5-en-3β-ol; hydrochloride | 5189-62-8 | C27H43NO*ClH |
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(3b,17b)-雄甾-5-烯-3,17-二醇 3,17-二乙酸酯 | androstenediol-3,17-diacetate | 2099-26-5 | C23H34O4 |
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(3aR,6aR)-1-甲基六氢吡咯并[3,4-b]吡咯 | (3aR,6aR)-1-methylhexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole | 1353644-77-5 | C7H14N2 |
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(3aR,12bR)-rel-5-氯-2,3,3a,12b-四氢-2-甲基-1H-二苯并[2,3:6,7]氧杂卓并[4,5-c]吡咯-1-酮 | trans-11-chloro-2,3,3a,12b-tetrahydro-2-methyl-1H-dibenz[2,3:6,7]oxepino[4,5-c]pyrrol-1-one | 912356-08-2 | C17H14ClNO2 |
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(3a,5b,7a)-3,7-二羟基-12-氧代-胆烷-24-酸 | 3α,7α-dihydroxy-12-oxo-5β-cholan-24-oic acid | 2458-08-4 | C24H38O5 |
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(3a,5b,6b,7a)-3,6,7-三羟基-胆烷-24-酸 | Muricholic acid | 2393-58-0 | C24H40O5 |
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(3Z)-3-癸烯-1-醇乙酸酯 | (Z)-3-decen-1-yl acetate | 81634-99-3 | C12H22O2 |
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(3S,6S)-3,6-辛二醇 | (3S,6S)-octane-3,6-diol | 136705-66-3 | C8H18O2 |
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(3S,4s)-四氢呋喃-3,4-二醇 | (3S,4S)-tetrahydro-3,4-furandiol | 84709-85-3 | C4H8O3 |
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(3S,4S)-N-Cbz-3,4-二羟基吡咯烷 | (S,S)-N-benzyloxycarbonyl-3,4-dihydroxypyrrolidine | 596793-30-5 | C12H15NO4 |
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(3S,4S)-4-甲氧基-N-甲基-3-吡咯烷胺 | (3S,4S)-3-methoxy-4-(N-methylammmonio)pyrrolidinium | 252574-01-9 | C6H14N2O |
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(3S,4S)-3-(5,6-二氢-4H-吡咯并[3,2,1-ij]喹啉)-4-(1H-吲哚)-2,5-吡咯烷二酮 | (±)-trans-3-(5,6-dihydro-4H-pyrrolo[3,2,1-ij]quinolin-1-yl)-4-(1H-indol-3-yl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione | 905854-03-7 | C23H19N3O2 |
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(3S,4S)-1-苄基吡咯烷-3,4-二醇 | (3S,4S)-(+)-1-benzyl-3,4-pyrrolidinediol | 90365-74-5 | C11H15NO2 |
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(3S,4R,5S,6R)-2,6-二(羟基甲基)四氢吡喃-2,3,4,5-四醇 | sedoheptulose | 3019-74-7 | C7H14O7 |
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(3S,4R)-4-氟-3-羟基-1-哌啶羧酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl (3S,4R)-4-fluoro-3-hydroxypiperidine-1-carboxylate | 1174020-46-2 | C10H18FNO3 |
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(3S,4R)-1-叔丁基-4-(2,4-二氟苯基)吡咯烷-3-羧酸 | (3S,4R)-N-tert-butyl-4-(2,4-difluoro-phenyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid | 455957-94-5 | C15H19F2NO2 |
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(3S,3'S)-4,4'-(7-氯吡啶并[2,3-D]嘧啶-2,4-二基)双(3-甲基吗啉) | (3S)-4-[7-chloro-2-[(3S)-3-methylmorpholin-4-yl]pyrido[2,3-d] pyrimidin-4-yl] 3-methyl-morpholine | 1009303-44-9 | C17H22ClN5O2 |
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