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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 有机原料

    有机原料

    有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工，粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业，煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国，早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物，以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。

    基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有：氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类（如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃）、芳香烃类（如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯）等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中，可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料；通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料；适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料；从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃；通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化，可以制得合成气；由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外，还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。

    有机原料的应用范围广泛，主要可分为三个方面：一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料，即聚合反应单体；二是用于其他有机化学工业，包括精细化工产品的原料；三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础，在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— Δ<sup>4</sup>-Pregnen-ol-(20β)-on-(3) 145-14-2 C21H32O2
    Δ<sup>4</sup>-Pregnen-ol-(20β)-on-(3)
    —— 20α(F)-Hydroxy-pregn-4-en-3-on 145-14-2 C21H32O2
    20α(F)-Hydroxy-pregn-4-en-3-on
    —— 20β-Hydroxy-pregn-4-en-3-on 145-14-2 C21H32O2
    20β-Hydroxy-pregn-4-en-3-on
    —— 20β-Hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-on 145-14-2 C21H32O2
    20β-Hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-on
    —— 20α-Hydroxypregnen-4-ene-3-one 145-14-2 C21H32O2
    20α-Hydroxypregnen-4-ene-3-one
    —— 20-Hydroprogesteron 145-14-2 C21H32O2
    20-Hydroprogesteron
    —— epi-dehydroabietic acid 1231-75-0 C20H28O2
    epi-dehydroabietic acid
    —— Dehydroabietinsaeure 1231-75-0 C20H28O2
    Dehydroabietinsaeure
    —— DL-Dehydroabietinsaeure 1231-75-0 C20H28O2
    DL-Dehydroabietinsaeure
    —— 15-Hydroxy-(-)-abietan 13393-93-6 C20H36O
    15-Hydroxy-(-)-abietan
    —— 2-Chlor-5-nitrophenoxyessigsaeure 52427-06-2 C8H6ClNO5
    2-Chlor-5-nitrophenoxyessigsaeure
    —— sodium 4-N-methylaminobutanoate 55154-42-2 C5H10NO2*Na
    sodium 4-N-methylaminobutanoate
    —— 17α-Acetoxy-6-methylen-pregn-4-en-3,20-dion 32634-95-0 C24H32O4
    17α-Acetoxy-6-methylen-pregn-4-en-3,20-dion
    —— 17α-Acetoxy-6-methylenprogesteron 32634-95-0 C24H32O4
    17α-Acetoxy-6-methylenprogesteron
    —— 6-Methylen-4-pregnen-17α-diol-3,20-diacetat 32634-95-0 C24H32O4
    6-Methylen-4-pregnen-17α-diol-3,20-diacetat
    —— 3-[2-(2-{2-[2-(tert-butoxycarbonyl-methyl-amino)-ethoxy]-ethoxy}-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-propionic acid 1260431-01-3 C17H33NO8
    3-[2-(2-{2-[2-(tert-butoxycarbonyl-methyl-amino)-ethoxy]-ethoxy}-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-propionic acid
    —— N-(3-{(1S)-1-[(6-chloropyrazin-2-yl)amino]ethyl}phenyl)-5-methylnicotinamide 1027253-39-9 C19H18ClN5O
    N-(3-{(1S)-1-[(6-chloropyrazin-2-yl)amino]ethyl}phenyl)-5-methylnicotinamide
    —— 1-chloro-4-fluoro-2-methoxy-5-nitro-benzene 932374-66-8 C7H5ClFNO3
    1-chloro-4-fluoro-2-methoxy-5-nitro-benzene
    —— 7-amino-1-methyl-4-trifluoromethyl-1H-quinolin-2-one 1251538-45-0 C11H9F3N2O
    7-amino-1-methyl-4-trifluoromethyl-1H-quinolin-2-one
    —— <i>N</i>-(<i>N</i>-benzyloxycarbonyl-D-methionyl)-glycine 13139-55-4 C15H20N2O5S
    <i>N</i>-(<i>N</i>-benzyloxycarbonyl-D-methionyl)-glycine
    —— 4-(4-(cyclopentyloxy)quinolin-2-yl)benzene-1,2-diol 1353224-53-9 C20H19NO3
    4-(4-(cyclopentyloxy)quinolin-2-yl)benzene-1,2-diol
    —— tert-butyl N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-N-(6-chloro-2-methylsulfanylpyrimidin-4-yl)carbamate 1052714-60-9 C15H22ClN3O4S
    tert-butyl N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-N-(6-chloro-2-methylsulfanylpyrimidin-4-yl)carbamate
    —— (2S,3R)-N-(9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)-β-methylphenylalanine 321524-83-8 C25H23NO4
    (2S,3R)-N-(9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)-β-methylphenylalanine
    —— [(3aR,5R,6aS)-4-formyl-2-oxo-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-5-yl] benzoate 39746-01-5 C15H14O5
    [(3aR,5R,6aS)-4-formyl-2-oxo-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-5-yl] benzoate
    —— cis-2-Nitro-chalkon-oxyd 7152-68-3 C15H11NO4
    cis-2-Nitro-chalkon-oxyd
    —— 4-tert-butylphenyl magnesium bromide 63488-10-8 Br*C10H13Mg
    4-tert-butylphenyl magnesium bromide
    —— ethyl 4-chlorothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2-carboxylate 1192540-11-6 C9H7ClN2O2S
    ethyl 4-chlorothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2-carboxylate
    —— 16α,17α-Epoxyprogesteron 1097-51-4 C21H28O3
    16α,17α-Epoxyprogesteron
    —— Neopentylphosphonsaeuredichlorid 54552-71-5 C5H11Cl2OP
    Neopentylphosphonsaeuredichlorid
    —— 4-<3,5-Dimethoxy-phenyl>-butan-2-on 29114-49-6 C12H16O3
    4-<3,5-Dimethoxy-phenyl>-butan-2-on
    —— (S)-2-((((2,2-dimethylpent-4-en-1-yl)oxy)carbonyl)amino)-3,3-dimethylbutanoic acid 923591-19-9 C14H25NO4
    (S)-2-((((2,2-dimethylpent-4-en-1-yl)oxy)carbonyl)amino)-3,3-dimethylbutanoic acid
    —— (6<i>R</i>)-3-acetoxymethyl-8-oxo-7<i>t</i>-(2-pyridin-4-ylsulfanyl-acetylamino)-(6<i>r</i><i>H</i>)-5-thia-1-aza-bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid 21593-23-7 C17H17N3O6S2
    (6<i>R</i>)-3-acetoxymethyl-8-oxo-7<i>t</i>-(2-pyridin-4-ylsulfanyl-acetylamino)-(6<i>r</i><i>H</i>)-5-thia-1-aza-bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid
    —— Norbornan-exo-2,3-dicarboximid 6713-41-3 C9H11NO2
    Norbornan-exo-2,3-dicarboximid
    —— acrylohydrazide 3128-32-3 C3H6N2O
    acrylohydrazide
    —— trans-3,5-Dimethylpiperidin 14446-75-4 C7H15N
    trans-3,5-Dimethylpiperidin
    —— sodium abietate 14351-66-7 C20H29O2*Na
    sodium abietate
    —— α-hexadecyl-β-heptadecylidene-3-propanolide 10126-68-8 C36H68O2
    α-hexadecyl-β-heptadecylidene-3-propanolide
    —— Methyl-4,6-O-benzyliden-2,3-di-O-p-toluolsulfonyl-α-D-idopyranosid 6748-86-3 C28H30O10S2
    Methyl-4,6-O-benzyliden-2,3-di-O-p-toluolsulfonyl-α-D-idopyranosid
    —— Methyl-4,6-O-benzyliden-2,3-di-O-(p-tolylsulfonyl)-β-D-galactopyranosid 6748-86-3 C28H30O10S2
    Methyl-4,6-O-benzyliden-2,3-di-O-(p-tolylsulfonyl)-β-D-galactopyranosid
    —— cis-2,5-bis(aminomethyl)tetrahydrofuran 748762-46-1 C6H14N2O
    cis-2,5-bis(aminomethyl)tetrahydrofuran
    —— methyl 3-methyl-2,4-dioxo-4-phenylbutanoate 66751-99-3 C12H12O4
    methyl 3-methyl-2,4-dioxo-4-phenylbutanoate
    —— 3-chloro-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)aniline 1269233-11-5 C12H17BClNO2
    3-chloro-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)aniline
    —— 2-(3-cyclopentyloxy-4-methoxyphenyl)acetic acid 141333-59-7 C14H18O4
    2-(3-cyclopentyloxy-4-methoxyphenyl)acetic acid
    —— 4,7-Methano-1H-inden-1-ol, 3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro- 27137-33-3 C10H14O
    4,7-Methano-1H-inden-1-ol, 3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-
    —— O-1-<2-Carboxy-phenyl>-α-D-glucuronsaeure 7695-70-7 C13H14O9
    O-1-<2-Carboxy-phenyl>-α-D-glucuronsaeure
    —— (+/-)-(4a<i>r</i>.8a<i>t</i>)-decahydro-[2<i>t</i>]naphthylamine 936-35-6 C10H19N
    (+/-)-(4a<i>r</i>.8a<i>t</i>)-decahydro-[2<i>t</i>]naphthylamine
    —— (2RS,4aSR,8aRS)-decahydronaphthalen-2-ylamine 936-35-6 C10H19N
    (2RS,4aSR,8aRS)-decahydronaphthalen-2-ylamine
    —— 2-(diethylamino)-1-(diphenylphosphanyl)acetylene 54098-18-9 C18H20NP
    2-(diethylamino)-1-(diphenylphosphanyl)acetylene
    —— (7R,9R)-6,7,9,11-tetrahydroxy-9-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-4-methoxy-8,10-dihydro-7H-tetracene-5,12-dione 24385-10-2 C21H18O9
    (7R,9R)-6,7,9,11-tetrahydroxy-9-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-4-methoxy-8,10-dihydro-7H-tetracene-5,12-dione
    —— 2-(2-chloroindolo[2,3-b]quinoxalin-6-yl)-N-[1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethylideneamino]acetamide 109322-06-7 C24H18ClN5O2
    2-(2-chloroindolo[2,3-b]quinoxalin-6-yl)-N-[1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethylideneamino]acetamide