有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工,粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业,煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国,早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物,以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。
基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有:氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类(如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃)、芳香烃类(如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯)等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中,可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料;通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料;适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料;从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃;通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化,可以制得合成气;由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外,还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。
有机原料的应用范围广泛,主要可分为三个方面:一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料,即聚合反应单体;二是用于其他有机化学工业,包括精细化工产品的原料;三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础,在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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1-(叠氮甲基)-4-甲氧基苯 | 1-(azidomethyl)-4-methoxybenzene | 70978-37-9 | C8H9N3O |
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1-(叔丁氧羰基)-2-吡咯烷酮 | N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-1-pyrrolidin-2-one | 85909-08-6 | C9H15NO3 |
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1-(叔丁氧基羰基甲基)-4-哌啶酮 | tert-butyl 2-(4-oxopiperidin-1-yl)acetate | 149554-03-0 | C11H19NO3 |
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1-(叔丁氧基羰基)-4-(4-氟苯基)吡咯烷-3-羧酸 | 1-(Tert-butoxycarbonyl)-4-(4-fluorophenyl)pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid | 939757-95-6 | C16H20FNO4 |
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1-(叔丁氧基羰基)-3-吡咯烷甲基-甲磺酸酯 | tert-butyl 3-(((methylsulfonyl)oxy)methyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate | 141699-56-1 | C11H21NO5S |
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1-(叔丁氧基)-4-三氟甲苯 | para-trifluoromethylphenyl tert-butyl ether | 16222-44-9 | C11H13F3O |
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1-(叔丁基)-3-甲基氢吡唑-5-胺 | 1-tert-butyl-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-amine | 141459-53-2 | C8H15N3 |
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1-(叔丁基)-3-甲基4-氧代吡咯烷-1,3-二羧酸酯 | 4-oxopyrrolidine-1,3-dicarboxylic acid 1-tert-butyl 3-methyl ester | 194924-95-3 | C11H17NO5 |
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1-(叔丁基)-3-甲基-5,6-二氢吡啶-1,3(2H)-二羧酸酯 | 1-tert-butyl 5-O-methyl 3,6-dihydro-2H-pyridine-1,5-dicarboxylate | 125097-83-8 | C12H19NO4 |
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1-(叔丁基)-2-溴-4-硝基苯 | 2-bromo-1-tert-butyl-4-nitrobenzene | 6310-17-4 | C10H12BrNO2 |
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1-(反式,反式-4-丙基双环己基-4'-乙基)-3,4-二氟苯 | (1's,4'r)-4-(3,4-Difluorophenethyl)-4'-propyl-1,1'-bi(cyclohexane) | 107215-66-7 | C23H34F2 |
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1-(五氟苯基)乙醇 | 1-(pentafluorophenyl)ethanol | 830-50-2 | C8H5F5O |
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1-(二辛基磷酰甲基-辛基磷酰)辛烷 | tetraoctylmethylenediphosphine oxide | 21245-08-9 | C33H70O2P2 |
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1-(二苯基甲基)-3-甲基-3-羟基氮杂啶盐酸盐 | 1-diphenylmethyl-3-hydroxy-3-methylazetidine hydrochloride | 133891-86-8 | C17H19NO*ClH |
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1-(二甲氨基)吡咯 | 1-(dimethylamino)pyrrole | 78307-76-3 | C6H10N2 |
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1-(二甲基氨基)环己烷甲腈 | 1-(dimethylamino)cyclohexanecarbonitrile | 16499-30-2 | C9H16N2 |
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1-(二甲基氨基)-3-[2-[2-(3-甲氧基苯基)乙基]苯氧基]-2-丙醇盐酸盐 | (±)-1-{2-[2-(3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-phenoxy}-3-(dimethylamino)-2-propanol hydrochloride | 135261-74-4 | C20H27NO3*ClH |
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1-(二氟甲基)-4-碘-1H-吡唑 | 1-(difluoromethyl)-4-iodo-1H-pyrazole | 1041205-43-9 | C4H3F2IN2 |
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1-(二氟甲基)-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二噁硼烷-2-基)-1H-吡唑 | 1-(difluoromethyl)-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole | 1206640-82-5 | C10H15BF2N2O2 |
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1-(二氟甲基)-1h-吡唑-4-胺 | 1-(difluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-amine | 1174309-16-0 | C4H5F2N3 |
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1-(二乙氨基)丙炔 | 1-(diethylamino)-1-propyne | 4231-35-0 | C7H13N |
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1-(二乙氧基甲基)咪唑 | N-Formylimidazole diethyl acetal | 61278-81-7 | C8H14N2O2 |
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1-(二乙氧基甲基)-4-甲基苯 | p-(diethoxymethyl)toluene | 2403-59-0 | C12H18O2 |
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1-(二乙氧基甲基)-4,5-二甲基-1H-咪唑 | 4,5-Dimethyl-1-(1,1-diethoxymethyl)imidazole | 74483-00-4 | C10H18N2O2 |
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1-(乙酰氧基)-3-(4-氯苯基)-2-丙酮 | 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-oxopropyl acetate | 56955-38-5 | C11H11ClO3 |
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1-(乙氧基羰甲基)哌嗪 | 1-(Ethoxycarbonylmethyl)piperazine | 40004-08-8 | C8H16N2O2 |
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1-(乙氧基羰基)哌啶-4-甲酸 | 1-ethoxycarbonylpiperidine-4-carboxylic acid | 118133-15-6 | C9H15NO4 |
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1-(三甲基硅基)苯并三氮唑 | 1-(trimethylsilyl)-1H-benzotriazole | 43183-36-4 | C9H13N3Si |
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1-(三溴甲基)环戊醇 | diethyl-butyl-phosphine | 50420-43-4 | C8H19P |
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1-(三氟甲基磺酰)咪唑 | 1-(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imidazole | 29540-81-6 | C4H3F3N2O2S |
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1-(三氟甲基)环丁烷羧酸乙酯 | ethyl 1-(trifluoromethyl)cyclobutanecarboxylate | 1040683-08-6 | C8H11F3O2 |
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1-(三氟甲基)-4-[4-(三氟甲基)苯基]苯 | 4,4'-bis(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl | 581-80-6 | C14H8F6 |
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1-(三氟甲基)-4-[2-[4-(三氟甲基)苯基]乙炔基]苯 | 1,2-bis(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethyne | 119757-51-6 | C16H8F6 |
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1-(三氟甲基)-1,2-苯碘酰-3(1H)-酮 | Togni's reagent II | 887144-94-7 | C8H4F3IO2 |
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1-(三氟乙酰)咪唑 | N-trifluoroacetylimidazole | 1546-79-8 | C5H3F3N2O |
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1-(三乙氧基硅烷基)甲胺 | (aminomethyl)triethoxysilane | 18306-83-7 | C7H19NO3Si |
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1-(三丁基锡烷基)-1H-咪唑 | Imidazol-3-ide;tributylstannanylium | 27605-35-2 | C15H30N2Sn |
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1-(丁基-戊基磷酰)戊烷 | Phosphine oxide, butyldipentyl- | 73986-81-9 | C14H31OP |
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1-(丁基-己基磷酰)己烷 | Phosphine oxide, butyldihexyl- | 73986-80-8 | C16H35OP |
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1-(β-羟乙基)-2-甲基咪唑 | 2-(2-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethan-1-ol | 1615-15-2 | C6H10N2O |
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1-({4-[4-(2,5-二氧代-2,5-二氢-1H-吡咯-1-基)苯基]丁酰基}氧基)-2,5-二氧代-3-吡咯烷磺酸 | Sulphosuccinimidyl 4-(4-maleimidophenyl)butyrate | 92921-26-1 | C18H16N2O9S |
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1-(N-Boc-氨基甲基)-4-(氨基甲基)苯 | tert-butyl 4-(aminomethyl)benzylcarbamate | 108468-00-4 | C13H20N2O2 |
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1-(9H-beta-咔啉-1-基)乙酮 | 1-(9H-β-carbolin-1-yl)-ethanone | 50892-83-6 | C13H10N2O |
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1-(9-蒽基)甲胺 | 9-(aminomethyl)anthracene | 2476-68-8 | C15H13N |
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1-(7-氯-1H-吲哚-3-基)-N,N-二甲基甲胺 | 7-chlorogramine | 159503-76-1 | C11H13ClN2 |
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1-(6-甲基吡啶-2-基)-2-([1,5]萘啶-2-基)乙酮 | 1-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)-2-(1,5-naphthyridin-2-yl)ethan-1-one | 446297-56-9 | C16H13N3O |
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1-(6-溴吡啶-2-基)吡咯烷-2-酮 | 1-(6-bromopyridin-2-yl)pyrrolidin-2-one | 1027511-95-0 | C9H9BrN2O |
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1-(6-氯吡啶-3-基)环丙醇 | 1-(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)cyclopropanol | 1057682-15-1 | C8H8ClNO |
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1-(6-氯-3-嘧啶基)-N-甲基甲胺 1.4 HCl | 1-(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)-N-methylmethanamine | 120739-62-0 | C7H9ClN2 |
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1-(5-溴-4-甲基-1H-吡咯-3-基)乙酮 | 3-acetyl-4-methyl-5-bromo-1H-pyrrole | 202286-27-9 | C7H8BrNO |
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