有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工,粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业,煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国,早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物,以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。
基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有:氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类(如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃)、芳香烃类(如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯)等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中,可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料;通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料;适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料;从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃;通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化,可以制得合成气;由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外,还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。
有机原料的应用范围广泛,主要可分为三个方面:一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料,即聚合反应单体;二是用于其他有机化学工业,包括精细化工产品的原料;三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础,在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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(4S)-2,2-二甲基-1,3-二氧戊环-4-羧酸钾盐 | 117205-81-9 | C6H10KO4 |
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(4S)-(-)-异丙基-5,5-二苯基-2-恶唑烷酮 | (S)-5,5-Diphenyl-4-isopropyl-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one | 184346-45-0 | C18H19NO2 |
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(4R-cis)-6-[2-[2-(4-氟苯基)-5-(1-异丙基)-3-苯基-4-[(苯胺)羰基]-1H-吡咯-1-基]乙基]-2,2-二甲基-1,3-二氧己环-4-乙酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl (4R,6R)-6-{2-[2-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-isopropyl-3-phenyl-4-(phenylcarbamoyl)pyrrol-1-yl]ethyl}-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-4-acetate | 1001659-85-3 | C40H47FN2O5 |
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(4R,5S)-rel-4,5-二氢-4-甲基-5-苯基-2-恶唑胺 | 3-amino-1-benzyl-3-methylpyrrolidine | 181114-76-1 | C12H18N2 |
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(4R,5S)-5-甲基-2-氧代-4-咪唑烷己酸 2,5-二氧代-1-吡咯烷基酯 | desthiobiotin NHS ester | 80750-24-9 | C14H21N3O5 |
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(4R,5R)-1,3-二甲基-4,5-二苯基-2-[(S)-1-苄基-2-羟乙基亚氨基]咪唑烷 | (4R,5R)-1,3-Dimethyl-4,5-diphenyl-2-[(S)-1-benzyl-2-hydroxyethylimino]imidazolidine | 337308-63-1 | C26H29N3O |
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(4R,12aS)-3,4,6,8,12,12a-六氢-7-甲氧基-4-甲基-6,8-二氧代-2H-吡啶并[1',2':4,5]吡嗪并[2,1-b][1,3]恶嗪-9-羧酸 | (4R,12aS)-7-methoxy-4-methyl-6,8-dioxo-3,4,6,8, 12,12a-hexahydro-2H-pyrido[1',2':4,5]pyrazino[2,1-b][1,3]oxazine-9-carboxylic acid | 1335210-34-8 | C14H16N2O6 |
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(4R)-5-甲基-4-({[(2-甲基-2-丙基)氧基]羰基}氨基)己酸 | (4R)-4-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]-5-methylhexanoic acid | 197006-14-7 | C12H23NO4 |
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(4R)-4-氟-l-脯氨酸盐酸盐 | (2S,4R)-4-fluoropyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid hydrochloride | 60604-36-6 | C5H8FNO2*ClH |
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(4R)-4-[(3S,5S,7R,8R,9S,10S,13R,14S,17R)-3,7-二羟基-10,13-二甲基-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-十四氢-1H-环戊二烯并[a]菲-17-基]戊酸 | 3β,7α-dihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oic acid | 566-24-5 | C24H40O4 |
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(4R)-4-[(3R,5R,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-3,6,7-三羟基-10,13-二甲基-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-十四氢-1H-环戊二烯并[a]菲-17-基]戊酸 | Muricholic acid | 39016-49-4 | C24H40O5 |
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(4R)-4-[(3R,5R,8R,9S,10S,13R,14S,17R)-3-羟基-10,13-二甲基-12-氧代-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,14,15,16,17-十四氢环戊烯并[a]菲-17-基]戊酸 | 12-oxolithocholic acid | 5130-29-0 | C24H38O4 |
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(4R)-2,2-二甲基-4-噻唑烷甲酸 | 2,2-dimethyl-thiazolidine-4(R)-carboxylic acid | 58166-38-4 | C6H11NO2S |
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(4R)-1-甲基-4-丙基-L-脯氨酸盐酸盐 | 1-methyl-trans-4-propyl-L-proline hydrochloride | 6734-79-8 | C9H17NO2*ClH |
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(4R)-1-boc-4-甲基-d-脯氨酸 | (4R)-1-Boc-4-Methyl-D-proline | 871727-77-4 | C11H19NO4 |
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(4-金刚烷-1-基苯氧基)乙酸 | (4-adamantan-1-yl-phenoxy)acetic acid | 52804-26-9 | C18H22O3 |
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(4-苄氧基苯基)三氟硼酸钾 | Potassium (4-benzyloxyphenyl)trifluoroborate | 850623-47-1 | C13H11BF3KO |
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(4-苄氧基-2-甲基苯基)三氟硼酸钾 | Potassium (4-benzyloxy-2-methylphenyl)trifluoroborate | 850623-43-7 | C14H13BF3KO |
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(4-苄基吗啉-2-基)甲醇 | (4-benzylmorpholin-2-yl)methanol | 40987-24-4 | C12H17NO2 |
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(4-苄基-1,4-氧杂-2-基)甲胺 | (4-benzylmorpholin-2-yl)methanamine | 110859-47-7 | C12H18N2O |
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(4-羧基苯基)三氟硼酸钾 | potassium (4-carboxyphenyl)trifluoroborate | 850623-38-0 | C7H5BF3O2*K |
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(4-羟基苯基)二苯基膦 | 4-(diphenylphosphanyl)phenol | 5068-21-3 | C18H15OP |
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(4-羟基苯基)-吡啶-2-基甲酮 | (4-hydroxyphenyl)(pyridin-2-yl)methanone | 33077-70-2 | C12H9NO2 |
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(4-羟基-3,5-二甲基苯基)乙酸 | 3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-phenyl acetic acid | 1989-73-7 | C10H12O3 |
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(4-羟基-2-甲基萘-1-基)苯甲酸酯 | Benzoesaeure-<4-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-naphthyl>ester | 2211-28-1 | C18H14O3 |
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(4-碘苯基乙炔)三甲基硅烷 | 1-iodo-4-(trimethylsilylethynyl)benzene | 134856-58-9 | C11H13ISi |
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(4-碘苄基)膦酸二乙酯 | diethyl (4-iodobenzyl)phosphonate | 173443-43-1 | C11H16IO3P |
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(4-碘-环己基)-氨基甲酸叔丁酯 | N-Boc-4-iodoaminocyclohexane | 1019861-63-2 | C11H20INO2 |
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(4-硝基苯基)碳酸叔丁酯 | tert-Butyl 4-nitrophenyl carbonate | 13303-10-1 | C11H13NO5 |
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(4-硝基苯基)三氟硼酸钾 | Potassium (4-nitrophenyl)trifluoroborate | 850623-71-1 | C6H4BF3KNO2 |
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(4-硝基苄基)肼 | p-Nitro-benzylhydrazin | 51421-21-7 | C7H9N3O2 |
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(4-癸氧基-2-羟基苯基)-苯基甲酮 | 2-Hydroxy-4-decyloxy-benzophenon | 2162-63-2 | C23H30O3 |
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(4-甲酰氨苯基)三氟硼酸钾 | Potassium (4-aminocarbonylphenyl)trifluoroborate | 850623-63-1 | C7H6BF3KNO |
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(4-甲酰基-3-甲氧基苯氧基)乙酸 | 4-formyl-3-methoxyphenoxyacetic acid | 84969-24-4 | C10H10O5 |
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(4-甲氧羰基苯基)三氟硼酸钾 | potassium (4-methoxycarbonylphenyl)trifluoroborate | 705254-34-8 | C8H7BF3O2*K |
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(4-甲氧基苯氧基)乙醛 | (4-methoxyphenoxy)acetaldehyde | 68426-09-5 | C9H10O3 |
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(4-甲氧基苯基)苯基对甲苯胺 | 4-methoxy-N-phenyl-N-(p-tolyl)aniline | 97126-56-2 | C20H19NO |
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(4-甲氧基苯基)亚膦酸二氯化物 | dichloro-4-methoxyphenylphosphine | 19909-85-4 | C7H7Cl2OP |
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(4-甲氧基苯基)-二甲胺 | 4-methoxy-N,N-dimethylanilne | 701-56-4 | C9H13NO |
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(4-甲氧基苯基)(哌啶-4-基)甲酮 | (4-methoxyphenyl)(piperidin-4-yl)methanone | 76362-12-4 | C13H17NO2 |
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(4-甲氧基苯基)(4-哌啶)甲酮盐酸盐 | (4-methoxyphenyl)(piperidin-4-yl)methanone hydrochloride | 25519-82-8 | C13H17NO2*ClH |
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(4-甲氧基联苯-4-基)-甲醇 | (4'-methoxy-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)methanol | 20854-60-8 | C14H14O2 |
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(4-甲氧基-苯基)-对甲苯-甲酮 | 4-methoxy-4'-methylbenzophenone | 23886-71-7 | C15H14O2 |
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(4-甲氧基-2-甲基苯基)三氟硼酸钾 | Potassium (4-methoxy-2-methylphenyl)trifluoroborate | 850623-69-7 | C8H9BF3KO |
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(4-甲基苯氧基)乙醛 | 2-(4-methylphenoxy)acetaldehyde | 67845-46-9 | C9H10O2 |
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(4-甲基苯基)磺基甲醇 | (toluene-4-sulfonyl)-methanol | 2182-69-6 | C8H10O3S |
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(4-甲基苯基)硫酸盐 | p-cresol sulfate | 3233-58-7 | C7H8O4S |
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(4-甲基苯基)氨基](氧代)乙酸 | 2-oxo-2-(p-tolylamino)acetic acid | 42868-89-3 | C9H9NO3 |
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(4-甲基苯基)二苯基锍三氟甲烷基磺酸 | diphenyl(p-tolyl)sulfonium triflate | 81416-37-7 | CF3O3S*C19H17S |
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(4-甲基苄基)三苯基溴化膦 | 4-methylbenzyltriphenylphosphonium bromide | 2378-86-1 | Br*C26H24P |
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