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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 有机原料

    有机原料

    有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工，粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业，煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国，早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物，以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。

    基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有：氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类（如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃）、芳香烃类（如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯）等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中，可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料；通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料；适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料；从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃；通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化，可以制得合成气；由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外，还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。

    有机原料的应用范围广泛，主要可分为三个方面：一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料，即聚合反应单体；二是用于其他有机化学工业，包括精细化工产品的原料；三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础，在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 3-butyl-5-methyl-isoxazole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester 1239465-20-3 C11H17NO3
    3-butyl-5-methyl-isoxazole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester
    —— (3S,4S)-1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-4-phenylpyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid 951742-88-4 C16H21NO4
    (3S,4S)-1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-4-phenylpyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (3R,4R)-1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-4-phenylpyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid 951742-87-3 C16H21NO4
    (3R,4R)-1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-4-phenylpyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid
    —— 1,3-Dimethyl-5-[(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinylidene)ethylidene]-2-thioxo-4-imidazolidinone 2445-60-5 C12H17N3OS
    1,3-Dimethyl-5-[(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinylidene)ethylidene]-2-thioxo-4-imidazolidinone
    —— spiro[1H-2-benzothiophene-3,4′-piperidine]2,2-dioxide 173944-01-9 C12H15NO2S
    spiro[1H-2-benzothiophene-3,4′-piperidine]2,2-dioxide
    —— Ruthenium (III) acetylacetonate 14284-93-6 C15H24O6Ru
    Ruthenium (III) acetylacetonate
    —— N-Acetyl-N'-(2,3-dihydro-2-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-ylidene)acetohydrazide 4924-22-5 C19H18N2O3
    N-Acetyl-N'-(2,3-dihydro-2-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-ylidene)acetohydrazide
    —— Benzenesulfonic acid, 3,3'-azobis[6-[2-(4-nitro-2-sulfophenyl)ethenyl]-, tetrasodium salt 6272-71-5 C28H20N4O16S4
    Benzenesulfonic acid, 3,3'-azobis[6-[2-(4-nitro-2-sulfophenyl)ethenyl]-, tetrasodium salt
    —— bis(acetylacetonato)dibutoxytitanium 16902-59-3 C18H32O6Ti
    bis(acetylacetonato)dibutoxytitanium
    —— Helvolic acid; Fumigacin 29400-42-8 C33H44O8
    Helvolic acid; Fumigacin
    —— (4Z)-4-hydroxyiminopentanoic acid 6945-36-4 C5H9NO3
    (4Z)-4-hydroxyiminopentanoic acid
    —— Tris(pentane-2,4-dionato-O,O')samarium 14589-42-5 C15H21O6Sm
    Tris(pentane-2,4-dionato-O,O')samarium
    —— Bis(benzoylacetonato)oxovanadium 14767-37-4 C20H18O5V
    Bis(benzoylacetonato)oxovanadium
    —— Tris(pentane-2,4-dionato-O,O')yttrium 15554-47-9 C15H21O6Y
    Tris(pentane-2,4-dionato-O,O')yttrium
    —— Dibutylbis(pentane-2,4-dionato-O,O')tin 22673-19-4 C20H36O4Sn
    Dibutylbis(pentane-2,4-dionato-O,O')tin
    —— Beryllium 2,4-pentanedionate 10210-64-7 C10H14BeO4
    Beryllium 2,4-pentanedionate
    —— Europium, tris(6,6,7,7,8,8,8-heptafluoro-2,2-dimethyl-3,5-octanedionato-kappaO3,kappaO5)- 17631-68-4 C30H30EuF21O6
    Europium, tris(6,6,7,7,8,8,8-heptafluoro-2,2-dimethyl-3,5-octanedionato-kappaO3,kappaO5)-
    —— Bis[4,4'-dimethoxy(dithiobenzil)]nickel(II) 38951-97-2 C32H28NiO4S4-4
    Bis[4,4'-dimethoxy(dithiobenzil)]nickel(II)
    —— Chromium tris(benzoylacetate) 16432-36-3 C30H27CrO6
    Chromium tris(benzoylacetate)
    —— 4,4'-oxybis(N-propylphthalimide) 27507-54-6 C22H20N2O5
    4,4'-oxybis(N-propylphthalimide)
    —— 2,3,3',4'-benzophenone dianhydride 104677-79-4 C17H6O7
    2,3,3',4'-benzophenone dianhydride
    —— Europium thenoyltrifluoroacetonate 14054-87-6 C24H12EuF9O6S3
    Europium thenoyltrifluoroacetonate
    —— Tris(3-(trifluoroacetyl)bornane-2-onato-O,O')europium 34830-11-0 C36H42EuF9O6
    Tris(3-(trifluoroacetyl)bornane-2-onato-O,O')europium
    —— (S)-3'-hydroxyflavanone 92496-65-6 C15H12O3
    (S)-3'-hydroxyflavanone
    —— benzyl (S)-(1-hydroxypent-4-en-2-yl)carbamate 174626-20-1 C13H17NO3
    benzyl (S)-(1-hydroxypent-4-en-2-yl)carbamate
    —— 4-amino-2,6-diisopropylaniline 455288-51-4 C12H20N2
    4-amino-2,6-diisopropylaniline
    —— cis-2-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane hydrochloride 841302-41-8 C5H9N*ClH
    cis-2-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane hydrochloride
    —— (+/-)-threo-3-(2-Furyl)serine 4505-08-2 C7H9NO4
    (+/-)-threo-3-(2-Furyl)serine
    —— Tetrasodium hydrogen 2-phosphonatobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylate 66669-53-2 C7H7Na4O9P
    Tetrasodium hydrogen 2-phosphonatobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylate
    —— (E)-N-[(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)methylidene]hydroxylamine 443-33-4 C7H5ClFNO
    (E)-N-[(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)methylidene]hydroxylamine
    —— 6-Oxo-pentadecansaeure 130664-55-0 C15H28O3
    6-Oxo-pentadecansaeure
    —— Cadmium Disodium Ethylenediaminetetraacetate 35803-35-1 C10H14CdN2Na2O8
    Cadmium Disodium Ethylenediaminetetraacetate
    —— 3-(1-nitrocyclopentyl)propanoic acid 98426-76-7 C8H13NO4
    3-(1-nitrocyclopentyl)propanoic acid
    —— Cholest-5-en-3-ol (3beta)-, 3-[(9Z,12Z,15Z)-9,12,15-octadecatrienoate] 2545-22-4 C45H74O2
    Cholest-5-en-3-ol (3beta)-, 3-[(9Z,12Z,15Z)-9,12,15-octadecatrienoate]
    —— N-ethylanilinium bromide 50522-35-5 Br*C8H12N
    N-ethylanilinium bromide
    —— (S,S)-1,2-Bis[(o-methoxyphenyl)(phenyl)phosphino]ethane(1,5-cyclooctadiene)rhodium(I) tetrafluoroborate 71423-54-6 C36H40BF4O2P2Rh-
    (S,S)-1,2-Bis[(o-methoxyphenyl)(phenyl)phosphino]ethane(1,5-cyclooctadiene)rhodium(I) tetrafluoroborate
    —— disodium;N-[4-[(E)-2-(4-isothiocyanato-2-sulfonatophenyl)ethenyl]-3-sulfophenyl]ethanimidate 51023-76-8 C17H12N2Na2O7S3
    disodium;N-[4-[(E)-2-(4-isothiocyanato-2-sulfonatophenyl)ethenyl]-3-sulfophenyl]ethanimidate
    —— 2,3,6-Trifluorocinnamic acid 230295-12-2 C9H5F3O2
    2,3,6-Trifluorocinnamic acid
    —— 4-((2-Ethylhexyl)amino)-4-oxoisocrotonic acid 6975-33-3 C12H21NO3
    4-((2-Ethylhexyl)amino)-4-oxoisocrotonic acid
    —— (2R)-2-[(2R)-2-sulfanyl-2,3-dihydro-1,3-benzothiazol-5-yl]butanedioic acid 651032-78-9 C11H11NO4S2
    (2R)-2-[(2R)-2-sulfanyl-2,3-dihydro-1,3-benzothiazol-5-yl]butanedioic acid
    —— N,N'-Dicinnamylidene-1,6-hexanediamine 140-73-8 C24H28N2
    N,N'-Dicinnamylidene-1,6-hexanediamine
    —— (Z)-1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoro-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;yttrium 18911-76-7 C15H6F18O6Y
    (Z)-1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoro-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;yttrium
    —— 2-(Nona-2,7-dien-5-yl)-pyridin 2057-42-3 C14H19N
    2-(Nona-2,7-dien-5-yl)-pyridin
    —— S-(+)-7,8-dihydroxy-3-methyl-isochromanone-4 1407973-60-7 C10H10O4
    S-(+)-7,8-dihydroxy-3-methyl-isochromanone-4
    —— 2-chloro-4-(pyrazol-1-yl)benzoic acid methyl ester 313674-09-8 C11H9ClN2O2
    2-chloro-4-(pyrazol-1-yl)benzoic acid methyl ester
    —— (-)-ambroxide 3738-00-9 C16H28O
    (-)-ambroxide
    —— (-)-norlabdane 3738-00-9 C16H28O
    (-)-norlabdane
    —— 1-dimethylaminobutan-3,4-diol 1260142-15-1 C6H15NO2
    1-dimethylaminobutan-3,4-diol
    —— 3,3',5,5'-tetrakis(4'-formylbiphenyl-4-yl)bimesityl 868046-60-0 C70H54O4
    3,3',5,5'-tetrakis(4'-formylbiphenyl-4-yl)bimesityl
    —— Androst-4-en-3,6,17-trion 2243-06-3 C19H24O3
    Androst-4-en-3,6,17-trion