有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工,粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业,煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国,早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物,以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。
基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有:氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类(如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃)、芳香烃类(如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯)等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中,可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料;通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料;适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料;从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃;通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化,可以制得合成气;由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外,还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。
有机原料的应用范围广泛,主要可分为三个方面:一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料,即聚合反应单体;二是用于其他有机化学工业,包括精细化工产品的原料;三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础,在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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(5-甲基-3-异恶唑)甲胺 | (5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl)methylamine | 154016-48-5 | C5H8N2O |
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(5-溴噻唑-2-基)甲醇 | (5-bromothiazol-2-yl)methanol | 911052-85-2 | C4H4BrNOS |
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(5-溴-4-氟-2-甲氧基苯基)甲醇 | (5-bromo-4-fluoro-2-methoxyphenyl)methanol | 923281-64-5 | C8H8BrFO2 |
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(5-溴-3-硝基吡啶-2-基)乙酸乙酯 | ethyl 2-(5-bromo-3-nitropyridin-2-yl)acetate | 1211540-74-7 | C9H9BrN2O4 |
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(5-溴-3-甲氧基吡啶-2-基)甲醇 | (5-bromo-3-methoxypyridin-2-yl)methanol | 1087659-32-2 | C7H8BrNO2 |
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(5-溴-2-碘苯基)甲醇 | (5-bromo-2-iodophenyl)methanol | 199786-58-8 | C7H6BrIO |
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(5-溴-2-氟吡啶-3-基)三氟硼酸钾 | Potassium (5-bromo-2-fluoropyridin-3-yl)trifluoroborate | 1245906-64-2 | C5H2BBrF4KN |
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(5-氰基吡啶-3-基)三氟硼酸钾 | Potassium (5-cyanopyridin-3-yl)trifluoroborate | 1245906-68-6 | C6H3BF3KN2 |
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(5-氯噻吩-2-基)甲胺盐酸盐 | (5-chlorothiophen-2-yl)methylamine hydrochloride | 548772-41-4 | C5H6ClNS*ClH |
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(5-氯-3H-咪唑并[4,5-B]吡啶-2-基)甲醇 | (5-chloro-1H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-yl)methanol | 172648-09-8 | C7H6ClN3O |
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(5-氯-2-碘苯基) 2,6-二氟苯甲烷 | (5-chloro-2-iodophenyl)(2,6-difluorophenyl)methanone | 869365-97-9 | C13H6ClF2IO |
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(5-氯-2-甲氧基苯基)乙酸甲酯 | 5-chloro-2-methoxyphenylacetic acid,methyl ester | 26939-01-5 | C10H11ClO3 |
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(5-氯-2-甲氧基苯基)乙酸 | 2-(5-chloro-2-methoxyphenyl)acetic acid | 7569-62-2 | C9H9ClO3 |
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(5-氯-2-甲基吲哚-3)-乙酸 | 2-(5-chloro-2-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)acetic acid | 19017-52-8 | C11H10ClNO2 |
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(5-氨基-2,4,6-三碘-1,3-亚苯基)二(羰基亚氨基-2,1,3-丙烷三基)四乙酸酯 | N,N'-bis<2-(acetyloxy)-1-<(acetyloxy)methyl>ethyl>-5-amino-2,4,6-triiodo-1,3-benzenedicarboxamide | 148051-08-5 | C22H26I3N3O10 |
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(5-氨基-1H-苯并咪唑-2-基)甲醇 | 5-Amino-2-hydroxymethyl-benzimidazol | 294656-36-3 | C8H9N3O |
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(5-氨基-1H-1,2,4-噻唑-3-基)甲醇 | (5-amino-1<i>H</i>-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl)-methanol; glycolate | 63870-39-3 | C2H4O3*C3H6N4O |
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(5-氟-3-甲基吡啶-2-基)甲醇 | (5-fluoro-3-methylpyridin-2-yl)methanol | 1360953-18-9 | C7H8FNO |
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(5-氟-3-吡啶基)乙酸 | 5-Fluor-3-pyridyl-essigsaeure | 38129-24-7 | C7H6FNO2 |
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(5-氟-2-硝基-苯基)-乙酸甲酯 | methyl 2-(5-fluoro-2-nitrophenyl)acetate | 29640-99-1 | C9H8FNO4 |
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(5-氟-2-甲基-1H-吲哚-3-基)乙酸 | 2-(5-fluoro-2-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)acetic acid | 71987-67-2 | C11H10FNO2 |
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(5-氟-1H-吲唑-3-基)-乙酸 | 2-(5-Fluoro-1H-indazol-3-YL)acetic acid | 885271-22-7 | C9H7FN2O2 |
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(5-巯基-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-基硫代)乙酸 | [(5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)thio]acetic acid | 53723-88-9 | C4H4N2O2S3 |
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(5-叔丁基-1H-咪唑-4-基)甲醇 | (4-(tert-butyl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl)methanol | 51721-22-3 | C8H14N2O |
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(5-(羟基甲基)-2-甲氧基苯基)硼酸 | 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methoxyphenylboronic acid | 1137339-94-6 | C8H11BO4 |
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(5-(三氟甲基)吡啶-3-基)氨基甲酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl N-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridyl]carbamate | 1187055-61-3 | C11H13F3N2O2 |
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(5-(4,6-二甲基嘧啶-2-基)六氢吡咯并[3,4-C]吡咯-2(1H)-基)(2-氟-6-(2H-1,2,3-三唑-2-基)苯基)甲酮 | seltorexant | 1293281-49-8 | C21H22FN7O |
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(4aR,4bS,6aS,7S,9aS,9bS,11S,11aS)-11-羟基-4A,6A-二甲基-N-(2-甲基-2-丙基)-2-氧代-2,4A,4B,5,6,6A,7,8,9,9A,9B,10,11,11A-十四氢-1H-茚并[5,4-f]喹啉-7-甲酰胺 | 6α-hydroxy-finasteride | 154387-62-9 | C23H36N2O3 |
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(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-N-(2-羟基乙基)-4,7,10,13,16,19-二十二碳六烯酰胺 | N-docosahexaenoylethanolamine | 162758-94-3 | C24H37NO2 |
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(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-4,7,10,13,16,19-二十二碳六烯酸乙酯 | all-(Z)-ethyl 4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoate | 81926-94-5 | C24H36O2 |
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(4Z)-4-[(E)-3-[3-羧基-5-氧代-1-(2,2,2-三氟乙基)-2H-吡唑-4-基]丙-2-烯亚基]-5-氧代-1-(2,2,2-三氟乙基)吡唑-3-羧酸 | 4-[3-[3-Carboxy-5-hydroxy-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-YL]allylidene]-4,5-dihydro-5-oxo-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid | 76552-35-7 | C15H10F6N4O6 |
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(4Z)-4-[(2-羟基萘-1-基)亚肼基]-3-氧代萘-1-磺酸 | Calcon | 2538-79-6 | C20H14N2O5S |
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(4S-反)-2,2-二甲基-α,α,α′,α′-四(1-萘基)-1,3-二氧戊环-4,5-二甲醇 | (4S-trans)-2,2-dimethyl-α,α,α',α'-tetra(1-naphthyl)-1,3-dioxolane-4,5-dimethanol | 171086-52-5 | C47H38O4 |
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(4S,5S)-5-羟基-2-甲基-1,4,5,6-四氢嘧啶-4-羧酸 | (4S,5S)-5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid | 165542-15-4 | C6H10N2O3 |
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(4S,5S)-3,3-二氟-4-羟基-5-(羟基甲基)二氢-2(3H)-呋喃酮 | (4S,5S)-3,3-difluoro-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)dihydro-2(3H)-furanone | 166275-25-8 | C5H6F2O4 |
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(4S,5S)-2-(((4S,5S)-1,3-二甲基-4,5-二苯基咪唑烷-2-亚基)氨基)- | (S,S)-tetraphenyl-tetramethyl-pentanidium chloride | 1268449-00-8 | C34H36N5*Cl |
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(4S,5R)-5-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)-4-(甲基-1,3-噁唑烷-2-酮 | (4S,5R)-5-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-methyl-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one | 875444-08-9 | C12H9F6NO2 |
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(4S,5R)-5-(3,5-二(三氟甲基)苯基)-4-甲基-2-恶唑烷酮 | (4R,5S)-5-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-4-methyloxazolidin-2-one | 875444-10-3 | C12H9F6NO2 |
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(4S,5R)-3-苯甲酰基-2,2-二甲基-4-苯基氧氮杂环戊烷-5-甲酸 | (4S,5R)-3-Benzoyl-2,2-dimethyl-4-phenyl-1,3-oxazolidine-5-carboxylic acid | 153652-70-1 | C19H19NO4 |
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(4S,4S)-4,4-双(1,1-二甲基乙基)-4,4,5,5-四氢-2,2-双噁唑 | (4S,4'S)-4,4'-Bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4,4',5,5'-tetrahydro-2,2'-bioxazole | 135565-31-0 | C14H24N2O2 |
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(4S)-二氢莪术双环烯酮 | 4S-dihydrocurcumenone | 142717-57-5 | C15H24O2 |
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(4S)-delta,2-二氧代-4-苯基-3-恶唑烷戊酸甲酯 | 1-(5-methoxy-1,5-dioxopentyl)-4(S)-phenyloxazolidin-2-one | 477558-79-5 | C15H17NO5 |
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(4S)-6-氯-4-(环丙基乙炔基)-2-氧代-4-(三氟甲基)-2H-3,1-苯并恶嗪-1(4H)-羧酸甲酯 | Efavirenz amino alcohol methyl carbamate | 211563-40-5 | C15H13ClF3NO3 |
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(4S)-4-[(4-羟基苯基)甲基]-2,5-恶唑烷二酮 | L-tyrosine N-carboxyanhydride | 3415-08-5 | C10H9NO4 |
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(4S)-4-[(2S)-2-丁烷基]-1,3-恶唑烷-2,5-二酮 | L-4-(2-butyl)-1,3-oxazolidine-2,5-dione | 45895-90-7 | C7H11NO3 |
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(4S)-4-(二氟甲基)-1-{[(2-甲基-2-丙基)氧基]羰基}-L-脯氨酸 | (2S,4S)-N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-4-difluoromethylproline | 474417-79-3 | C11H17F2NO4 |
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(4S)-4,11-二乙基-3,4,12,14-四氢-4-羟基-3,14-二氧代-1H-吡喃并[3',4':6,7]吲哚嗪并[1,2-b]喹啉-9-基-beta-D-吡喃葡糖苷酸 | SN-38 glucuronide | 121080-63-5 | C28H28N2O11 |
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(4S)-3-[5-(4-氟苯基)-1,5-二氧代戊基]-4-苯基-2-恶唑烷酮 | (S)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-(2-oxo-4-phenyloxazolidin-3-yl)pentane-1,5-dione | 189028-93-1 | C20H18FNO4 |
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(4S)-3-[(2R,5S)-5-(4-氟苯基)-2-[(S)-[(4-氟苯基)氨基](4-羟基苯基)甲基]-5-羟基-1-氧代戊基]-4-苯基-2-恶唑烷酮 | (S)-3-((2R,5S)-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-((S)-((4-fluorophenyl)amino)(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl)-5-hydroxypentanoyl)-4-phenyloxazolidin-2-one | 1185883-40-2 | C33H30F2N2O5 |
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(4S)-2,5-二氧代-4-(苯基甲基)-3-恶唑烷羧酸叔丁酯 | N-butoxycarbonyl-L-phenylalanine anhydride | 142955-51-9 | C15H17NO5 |
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