有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工,粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业,煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国,早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物,以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。
基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有:氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类(如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃)、芳香烃类(如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯)等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中,可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料;通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料;适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料;从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃;通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化,可以制得合成气;由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外,还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。
有机原料的应用范围广泛,主要可分为三个方面:一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料,即聚合反应单体;二是用于其他有机化学工业,包括精细化工产品的原料;三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础,在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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2-氰基苯胺 | 2-cyanobenzylamine | 344957-25-1 | C8H8N2 |
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2-氰基苯磺酰胺 | 2-nitrilebenzenesulfonamide | 73542-86-6 | C7H6N2O2S |
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2-氰基苄胺 | 2-(aminomethyl)benzonitrile hydrochloride | 1134529-25-1 | C8H8N2*ClH |
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2-氰基联苯 | biphenyl-2-carbonitrile | 24973-49-7 | C13H9N |
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2-氰基硫代乙酰胺 | Cyanothioacetamide | 7357-70-2 | C3H4N2S |
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2-氰基对甲苯乙酰胺 | 2-cyano-N-(4-methylphenyl)acetamide | 6876-54-6 | C10H10N2O |
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2-氰基噻唑 | thiazole-2-carbonitrile | 1452-16-0 | C4H2N2S |
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2-氰基哌嗪双盐酸盐 | Piperazine-2-carbonitrile dihydrochloride | 187589-35-1 | C5H11Cl2N3 |
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2-氰基哌嗪-1-羧酸叔丁酯 | tert-Butyl 2-cyanopiperazine-1-carboxylate | 1053656-76-0 | C10H17N3O2 |
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2-氰基呋喃 | 2-Furonitrile | 617-90-3 | C5H3NO |
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2-氰基吩噻嗪 | 2-cyanophenothiazine | 38642-74-9 | C13H8N2S |
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2-氰基吡啶-5-硼酸频那酯 | 2-cyanopyridine-5-boronic acid pinacol ester | 741709-63-7 | C12H15BN2O2 |
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2-氰基乙基肼 | 3-hydrazinylpropanenitrile | 353-07-1 | C3H7N3 |
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2-氰基乙基甲基二乙氧基硅烷 | 3-(diethoxymethylsilyl)propiononitrile | 1186-11-4 | C8H17NO2Si |
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2-氰基-苯乙酸 | 2-(2-cyanophenyl)acetic acid | 18698-99-2 | C9H7NO2 |
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2-氰基-N-乙基乙酰胺 | N-ethylcyanoacetamide | 15029-36-4 | C5H8N2O |
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2-氰基-N-(4-甲氧基苯基)乙酰胺 | 2-cyano-N-(4-methoxyphenyl)acetamide | 5382-38-7 | C10H10N2O2 |
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2-氰基-7-氮杂螺[3.5]壬烷-7-羧酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl 2-cyano-7-azaspiro[3.5]nonane-7-carboxylate | 203662-66-2 | C14H22N2O2 |
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2-氰基-6-甲氧基苯并噻唑 | 2-cyano-6-methoxybenzothiazole | 943-03-3 | C9H6N2OS |
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2-氰基-6-氟苯硼酸 | (2-cyano-6-fluorophenyl)boronic acid | 656235-44-8 | C7H5BFNO2 |
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2-氰基-6-氟苯甲醛 | 3-fluoro-2-formylbenzonitrile | 887266-95-7 | C8H4FNO |
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2-氰基-6-氟苯甲酸甲酯 | Methyl 2-cyano-6-fluorobenzoate | 58332-01-7 | C9H6FNO2 |
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2-氰基-6-氟溴苄 | 2-(bromomethyl)-3-fluorobenzonitrile | 635723-84-1 | C8H5BrFN |
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2-氰基-5-碘三氟甲苯 | 4-iodo-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile | 101066-87-9 | C8H3F3IN |
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2-氰基-5-甲基苯甲酸甲酯 | methyl 2-cyano-5-methylbenzoate | 127510-94-5 | C10H9NO2 |
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2-氰基-5-氟苯甲醛 | 4-fluoro-2-formylbenzonitrile | 894779-76-1 | C8H4FNO |
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2-氰基-5-氟苯甲酸 | 2-cyano-5-fluorobenzoic acid | 518070-24-1 | C8H4FNO2 |
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2-氰基-4’-甲基联苯 | 3-benzylbenzonitrile | 93717-55-6 | C14H11N |
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2-氰基-4-苯基吡啶 | 4-phenyl-pyridine-2-carbonitrile | 18714-16-4 | C12H8N2 |
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2-氰基-4-硝基苯胺 | 5-nitroanthranilonitrile | 17420-30-3 | C7H5N3O2 |
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2-氰基-4-硝基-6-溴苯胺 | 2-amino-3-bromo-5-nitrobenzonitrile | 17601-94-4 | C7H4BrN3O2 |
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2-氰基-4-硝基-6-氯苯胺 | 1-amino-2-cyano-4-nitro-6-chlorobenzene | 20352-84-5 | C7H4ClN3O2 |
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2-氰基-4-氟苯甲醛 | 5-fluoro-2-formylbenzonitrile | 77532-90-2 | C8H4FNO |
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2-氰基-4'-甲基联苯 | 2-Cyano-4'-methylbiphenyl | 114772-53-1 | C14H11N |
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2-氰基-4'-溴甲基联苯 | 4'-(bromomethyl)-1,1'-biphenyl-2-carbonitrile | 114772-54-2 | C14H10BrN |
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2-氰基-4'-氟乙酰苯胺 | 2-cyano-N-[4-(fluoro)phenyl]acetamide | 1735-88-2 | C9H7FN2O |
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2-氰基-2-(2-硝基苯基)乙酸乙酯 | (+/-)-ethyl cyano(2-nitrophenyl)acetate | 65548-02-9 | C11H10N2O4 |
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2-氰基-1-氟-4-(三氟甲基)苯 | 2-fluoro-5-trifluoromethyl-benzonitrile | 4088-84-0 | C8H3F4N |
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2-氰吡啶-3-硼酸频哪酯 | 3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyridine-2-carbonitrile | 878194-93-5 | C12H15BN2O2 |
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2-氰乙基磷酸 钡盐 二水合物 | 5015-38-3 | C3H6BaNO4P |
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2-氰乙基N,N-二异丙基氯亚磷酰胺 | 2-Cyanoethyl N,N-diisopropylchlorophosphoramidite | 89992-70-1 | C9H18ClN2OP |
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2-氯蒽醌 | 2-chloroanthracene-9,10-dione | 131-09-9 | C14H7ClO2 |
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2-氯蒽 | 2-chloroanthracene | 17135-78-3 | C14H9Cl |
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2-氯苯肼盐酸盐 | o-chlorophenylhydrazine hydrochloride | 41052-75-9 | C6H8ClN2*Cl |
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2-氯苯甲醛 | 2-chloro-benzaldehyde | 89-98-5 | C7H5ClO |
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2-氯苯甲酸钠 | 17264-74-3 | C7H5ClNaO2 |
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2-氯苯甲酰肼 | 2-chlorobenzoylhydrazide | 5814-05-1 | C7H7ClN2O |
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2-氯苯基环氧乙烷 | o-chlorostyrene oxide | 62717-50-4 | C8H7ClO |
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2-氯苯基二氯膦 | 2-chlorophenyl dichlorophosphate | 15074-54-1 | C6H4Cl3O2P |
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2-氯苯基乙酸酯 | 2-chlorophenyl acetate | 4525-75-1 | C8H7ClO2 |
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