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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 有机原料

    有机原料

    有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工，粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业，煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国，早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物，以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。

    基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有：氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类（如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃）、芳香烃类（如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯）等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中，可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料；通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料；适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料；从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃；通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化，可以制得合成气；由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外，还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。

    有机原料的应用范围广泛，主要可分为三个方面：一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料，即聚合反应单体；二是用于其他有机化学工业，包括精细化工产品的原料；三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础，在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 1,3,5,7-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)adamantane 154694-31-2 C38H32O8
    1,3,5,7-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)adamantane
    —— Tert-butyl (3S)-3-(acetylthio)piperidine-1-carboxylate 610286-35-6 C12H21NO3S
    Tert-butyl (3S)-3-(acetylthio)piperidine-1-carboxylate
    —— dimethyl (3,3-difluoro-2,2-dihydroxyheptyl)phosphonate 1424864-67-4 C9H19F2O5P
    dimethyl (3,3-difluoro-2,2-dihydroxyheptyl)phosphonate
    —— Nα-lauroyl-L-arginine ethyl ester acetate 92071-96-0 C2H4O2*C20H40N4O3
    Nα-lauroyl-L-arginine ethyl ester acetate
    —— bis-(4-iodo-phenyl)-acetic acid 21771-80-2 C14H10I2O2
    bis-(4-iodo-phenyl)-acetic acid
    —— 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-9,9'-spirobi[fluorene] 934391-22-7 C49H60B4O8
    2,2',7,7'-tetrakis(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-9,9'-spirobi[fluorene]
    —— (2-bromophenyl)(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methanone 92739-90-7 C13H8BrClO2
    (2-bromophenyl)(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methanone
    —— magnaldehyde B 92829-72-6 C18H16O3
    magnaldehyde B
    —— 2-ethynyl-2-methylcyclohexanone 65691-72-7 C9H12O
    2-ethynyl-2-methylcyclohexanone
    —— 3,5-diamino-4-chlorobenzamide 67451-38-1 C7H8ClN3O
    3,5-diamino-4-chlorobenzamide
    —— [3-(3-chloro-5-cyanophenoxy)-2-fluoro-4-nitrophenyl]acetic acid ethyl ester 770719-10-3 C17H12ClFN2O5
    [3-(3-chloro-5-cyanophenoxy)-2-fluoro-4-nitrophenyl]acetic acid ethyl ester
    —— N-[2-(methylamino)ethyl]-5-isoquinoline sulfonamide hydrochloride 113276-94-1 C12H15N3O2S*ClH
    N-[2-(methylamino)ethyl]-5-isoquinoline sulfonamide hydrochloride
    —— 2,6-Dimethoxy-terephthalsaeure-methylester 55687-41-7 C11H12O6
    2,6-Dimethoxy-terephthalsaeure-methylester
    —— 2,4-difluoro-5-methylphenol 1378584-21-4 C7H6F2O
    2,4-difluoro-5-methylphenol
    —— 5-(1,2-diacetoxy-ethyl)-3,4-dihydroxy-5<i>H</i>-furan-2-one 10583-73-0 C10H12O8
    5-(1,2-diacetoxy-ethyl)-3,4-dihydroxy-5<i>H</i>-furan-2-one
    —— 7,8-Dihydroxy-4'-methoxy-flavon 65894-01-1 C16H12O5
    7,8-Dihydroxy-4'-methoxy-flavon
    —— 3-(2'.4'-Dichlorphenyl)-3-hydroxy-propionsaeure 62547-75-5 C9H8Cl2O3
    3-(2'.4'-Dichlorphenyl)-3-hydroxy-propionsaeure
    —— 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorobenzaldehyde 56962-16-4 C7H2Cl4O
    2,3,4,5-tetrachlorobenzaldehyde
    —— 3-amino-6-fluoro-4H-chromen-4-one 1204351-68-7 C9H6FNO2
    3-amino-6-fluoro-4H-chromen-4-one
    —— bis(2-oxopropyl)phenylphosphine oxide 37506-13-1 C12H15O3P
    bis(2-oxopropyl)phenylphosphine oxide
    —— 17β-acetoxy-(5ξ)-androstan-3-one 1164-91-6 C21H32O3
    17β-acetoxy-(5ξ)-androstan-3-one
    —— 17ξ-acetoxy-(5α)-androstan-3-one 1164-91-6 C21H32O3
    17ξ-acetoxy-(5α)-androstan-3-one
    —— 17α-acetoxy-(5α)-androstan-3-one 1164-91-6 C21H32O3
    17α-acetoxy-(5α)-androstan-3-one
    —— noratropine 16839-98-8 C16H21NO3
    noratropine
    —— (2-cyclohexyl-ethyl)-vinyl ether 103983-46-6 C10H18O
    (2-cyclohexyl-ethyl)-vinyl ether
    —— 4-(3,6-dimethoxy-9H-carbazol-9-yl)benzaldehyde 1280553-06-1 C21H17NO3
    4-(3,6-dimethoxy-9H-carbazol-9-yl)benzaldehyde
    —— (1R,4R)-5-Eth-(E)-ylidene-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene 16219-75-3 C9H12
    (1R,4R)-5-Eth-(E)-ylidene-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene
    —— (R)-1-(4-bromophenyl)ethane-1,2-diol 92093-23-7 C8H9BrO2
    (R)-1-(4-bromophenyl)ethane-1,2-diol
    —— (all-rac,Z)-phytyl acetate 5016-85-3 C22H42O2
    (all-rac,Z)-phytyl acetate
    —— 2,8-dimethyl-6-hydroxychroman-2-methanol 951404-39-0 C12H16O3
    2,8-dimethyl-6-hydroxychroman-2-methanol
    —— trans-4-pentyl-1-phenylcyclohexane 61203-96-1 C17H26
    trans-4-pentyl-1-phenylcyclohexane
    —— 2-(4-chloro-phenoxy)-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid 56355-73-8 C10H6ClNO3S
    2-(4-chloro-phenoxy)-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid
    —— N~2~-(phenylmethyl)alaninamide 775263-01-9 C10H14N2O
    N~2~-(phenylmethyl)alaninamide
    —— (2S)-2-Methyl-octanoic acid 3004-93-1 C9H18O2
    (2S)-2-Methyl-octanoic acid
    —— tert-butyl 3-ethynylbenzoate 914943-91-2 C13H14O2
    tert-butyl 3-ethynylbenzoate
    —— 2-chloro-3-fluoro-5-nitrobenzoic acid 101336-15-6 C7H3ClFNO4
    2-chloro-3-fluoro-5-nitrobenzoic acid
    —— 7-chloropyrido[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4-ol 897360-16-6 C7H4ClN3O
    7-chloropyrido[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4-ol
    —— 6-bromo-N-methylquinolin-2-amine 1201845-11-5 C10H9BrN2
    6-bromo-N-methylquinolin-2-amine
    —— potassium hydrogen maleate 689-82-7 C4H3O4*K
    potassium hydrogen maleate
    —— 3,3-Diphosphonopropanoic acid 4775-92-2 C3H8O8P2
    3,3-Diphosphonopropanoic acid
    —— endo-3-Boc-aminotropane 132234-69-6 C12H22N2O2
    endo-3-Boc-aminotropane
    —— 4,4'-((9,9-Dioctyl-9H-fluorene-2,7-diyl)bis(ethyne-2,1-diyl))dibenzoic acid 1313187-39-1 C47H50O4
    4,4'-((9,9-Dioctyl-9H-fluorene-2,7-diyl)bis(ethyne-2,1-diyl))dibenzoic acid
    —— 1-(2-tert-butoxy-2-oxoethyl)piperidine-4-carboxylic acid 193903-41-2 C12H21NO4
    1-(2-tert-butoxy-2-oxoethyl)piperidine-4-carboxylic acid
    —— bis[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]phosphinyl chloride 820253-13-2 C14H8ClF6OP
    bis[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]phosphinyl chloride
    —— (3aR,5R,6aS)-5-((S)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)-2,2-dimethyldihydrofuro[2,3-d][l,3]dioxol-6(5H)-one 2847-00-9 C12H18O6
    (3aR,5R,6aS)-5-((S)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)-2,2-dimethyldihydrofuro[2,3-d][l,3]dioxol-6(5H)-one
    —— <i>N</i><sup>2</sup>-benzyloxycarbonyl-<i>N</i><sup>6</sup>-(toluene-4-sulfonyl)-lysine 2362-45-0 C21H26N2O6S
    <i>N</i><sup>2</sup>-benzyloxycarbonyl-<i>N</i><sup>6</sup>-(toluene-4-sulfonyl)-lysine
    —— (S)-1-(2-aminoacetyl)-4,4-difluoropyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile trifluoroacetate 1448440-40-1 C2HF3O2*C7H9F2N3O
    (S)-1-(2-aminoacetyl)-4,4-difluoropyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile trifluoroacetate
    —— Manganese(II) formate 3251-96-5 Mn(CHO2)2
    Manganese(II) formate
    —— 1-methyl-2,5-dimethylpiperidin-4-one 7516-33-8 C8H15NO
    1-methyl-2,5-dimethylpiperidin-4-one
    —— (Z)-3-decenal 69891-94-7 C10H18O
    (Z)-3-decenal