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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 有机原料

    有机原料

    有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工，粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业，煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国，早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物，以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。

    基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有：氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类（如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃）、芳香烃类（如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯）等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中，可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料；通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料；适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料；从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃；通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化，可以制得合成气；由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外，还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。

    有机原料的应用范围广泛，主要可分为三个方面：一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料，即聚合反应单体；二是用于其他有机化学工业，包括精细化工产品的原料；三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础，在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— cis-2-Methyl-cyclohexylamin 931-10-2 C7H15N
    cis-2-Methyl-cyclohexylamin
    —— 2-[[4-Methyl-2-(phenylmethoxycarbonylamino)pentanoyl]amino]-4-methylsulfanylbutanoic acid 18830-16-5 C19H28N2O5S
    2-[[4-Methyl-2-(phenylmethoxycarbonylamino)pentanoyl]amino]-4-methylsulfanylbutanoic acid
    —— <2-(trifluoromethyl)phenylthio>acetic acid 13334-00-4 C9H7F3O2S
    <2-(trifluoromethyl)phenylthio>acetic acid
    —— Acid Alizarin Violet N 2092-55-9 C16H11N2O5S*Na
    Acid Alizarin Violet N
    —— PPPone 477-48-5 C22H20O8
    PPPone
    —— podophyllotoxone 477-48-5 C22H20O8
    podophyllotoxone
    —— Blei-methansulfonat 17570-76-2 2CH3O3S*Pb
    Blei-methansulfonat
    —— Cholesteryloleat 303-43-5 C45H78O2
    Cholesteryloleat
    —— cholesteryl oleate 303-43-5 C45H78O2
    cholesteryl oleate
    —— 4-trimethylammonium-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidine-1-oxyl 64525-01-5 C12H26N2O
    4-trimethylammonium-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidine-1-oxyl
    —— 5-(2,2-Dimethyl-[1,3]dioxolan-4-yl)-2,2-dimethyl-dihydro-furo[2,3-d][1,3]dioxol-6-one 2847-00-9 C12H18O6
    5-(2,2-Dimethyl-[1,3]dioxolan-4-yl)-2,2-dimethyl-dihydro-furo[2,3-d][1,3]dioxol-6-one
    —— Zinc, [5,10,15,20-tetraphenyl-21H,23H-porphinato(2-)-kappaN21,kappaN22,kappaN23,kappaN24]-, (SP-4-1)- 14074-80-7 C44H28N4Zn
    Zinc, [5,10,15,20-tetraphenyl-21H,23H-porphinato(2-)-kappaN21,kappaN22,kappaN23,kappaN24]-, (SP-4-1)-
    —— Lanthanum tris(acetylacetonate) 14284-88-9 C15H24LaO6
    Lanthanum tris(acetylacetonate)
    —— (2R,3S)-3-benzyloxy-2-[tert-butoxycarbonyl(methyl)amino]butanoic acid 226067-37-4 C17H25NO5
    (2R,3S)-3-benzyloxy-2-[tert-butoxycarbonyl(methyl)amino]butanoic acid
    —— tris(dipivaloylmethanato)neodymium 15492-47-4 C33H60NdO6
    tris(dipivaloylmethanato)neodymium
    —— (3-(methoxymethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)methanamine 915920-22-8 C5H9N3O2
    (3-(methoxymethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)methanamine
    —— 1,1,1,5,5,5-Hexafluoropentane-2,4-dione;zirconium 19530-02-0 C20H8F24O8Zr
    1,1,1,5,5,5-Hexafluoropentane-2,4-dione;zirconium
    —— 1,6-hexanediammonium dinitrate 6143-53-9 C6H18N2*2NO3
    1,6-hexanediammonium dinitrate
    —— potassium thioglycolate 34452-51-2 C2H3O2S*K
    potassium thioglycolate
    —— Europium thenoyl trifluoroacetonate 14054-87-6 C24H15EuF9O6S3
    Europium thenoyl trifluoroacetonate
    —— 5(10),9(11)-Oestradien-3,17-dion 2503-06-2 C18H22O2
    5(10),9(11)-Oestradien-3,17-dion
    —— ZINC;3-[18-(2-carboxylatoethyl)-8,13-bis(ethenyl)-3,7,12,17-tetramethylporphyrin-21,24-diid-2-yl]propanoate;hydron 15442-64-5 C34H32N4O4Zn
    ZINC;3-[18-(2-carboxylatoethyl)-8,13-bis(ethenyl)-3,7,12,17-tetramethylporphyrin-21,24-diid-2-yl]propanoate;hydron
    —— N,N-Diethyl-p-toluidinium-ion 613-48-9 C11H17N
    N,N-Diethyl-p-toluidinium-ion
    —— p-chloromercuribenzoic acid 59-85-8 C7H5ClHgO2
    p-chloromercuribenzoic acid
    —— (-)-menthoxyacetyl chloride 15356-62-4 C12H21ClO2
    (-)-menthoxyacetyl chloride
    —— 1,2-Dichloro-propane 78-87-5 C3H6Cl2
    1,2-Dichloro-propane
    —— (2Z)-4-[(2-ethylhexyl)amino]-4-oxo-2-butenoic acid 6975-33-3 C12H21NO3
    (2Z)-4-[(2-ethylhexyl)amino]-4-oxo-2-butenoic acid
    —— 7-Sulfocholic acid 60320-05-0 C24H40O8S
    7-Sulfocholic acid
    —— (9-benzyl-3-oxa-9-aza-bicyclo[3.3.1]non-7-ylidene)-acetic acid ethyl ester 81514-40-1 C18H23NO3
    (9-benzyl-3-oxa-9-aza-bicyclo[3.3.1]non-7-ylidene)-acetic acid ethyl ester
    —— 2R,4R-2,4-Dibrom-3-pentanon 815-60-1 C5H8Br2O
    2R,4R-2,4-Dibrom-3-pentanon
    —— Ethyl 3-(triphenylphosphoranyl)propanoate 42843-94-7 C23H24O2P+
    Ethyl 3-(triphenylphosphoranyl)propanoate
    —— 2-chlorobenzyl-TPP 18583-55-6 C25H21ClP
    2-chlorobenzyl-TPP
    —— Triphenyl(3-((triphenylphosphoranyl)methyl)benzyl)phosphorane 10273-74-2 C44H38P2+2
    Triphenyl(3-((triphenylphosphoranyl)methyl)benzyl)phosphorane
    —— Cycloocta-1,5-diene;platinum;dichloride 12080-32-9 C8H12Cl2Pt-2
    Cycloocta-1,5-diene;platinum;dichloride
    —— Dimethyl(trifluormethyl)phosphinoxid 26348-91-4 C3H6F3OP
    Dimethyl(trifluormethyl)phosphinoxid
    —— Barium propionate 5908-77-0 C6H10BaO4
    Barium propionate
    —— (Z)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;ruthenium 14284-93-6 C15H24O6Ru
    (Z)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;ruthenium
    —— tetrabenzyl zirconium 24356-01-2 C28H28Zr
    tetrabenzyl zirconium
    —— ethanol;niobium 3236-82-6 C10H30NbO5
    ethanol;niobium
    —— Tetrabutyl orthotitanate 5593-70-4 C16H40O4Ti
    Tetrabutyl orthotitanate
    —— 4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;oxotitanium 14024-64-7 C10H16O5Ti
    4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;oxotitanium
    —— ethyl 4-tert-butyloxycarbonylamino-1-methylimidazole-2-carboxylate 128293-63-0 C12H19N3O4
    ethyl 4-tert-butyloxycarbonylamino-1-methylimidazole-2-carboxylate
    —— [(3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,17R)-10,13-dimethyl-17-[(2R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl] carbonochloridate 7144-08-3 C28H45ClO2
    [(3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,17R)-10,13-dimethyl-17-[(2R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl] carbonochloridate
    —— 3-Amino-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidin-1-ol 34272-83-8 C8H18N2O
    3-Amino-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidin-1-ol
    —— (<i>S</i>)-2-nitro-butane 600-24-8 C4H9NO2
    (<i>S</i>)-2-nitro-butane
    —— 1-Chlor-2-nitro-6,7-dihydro-5H-benzo<ij>chinolizin-3-on 110254-65-4 C12H9ClN2O3
    1-Chlor-2-nitro-6,7-dihydro-5H-benzo<ij>chinolizin-3-on
    —— 1-(trans-4-Pentylcyclohexyl)-4-propylbenzene 84257-59-0 C20H32
    1-(trans-4-Pentylcyclohexyl)-4-propylbenzene
    —— 1-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)-4-(4-methylphenyl)dihydrobenzene 84656-75-7 C22H34
    1-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)-4-(4-methylphenyl)dihydrobenzene
    —— 1-Methoxy-4-(trans-4-n-propylcyclohexyl)benzene 81936-32-5 C16H24O
    1-Methoxy-4-(trans-4-n-propylcyclohexyl)benzene
    —— 1-Ethoxy-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)benzene 80944-44-1 C17H26O
    1-Ethoxy-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)benzene