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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 有机原料

    有机原料

    有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工，粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业，煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国，早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物，以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。

    基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有：氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类（如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃）、芳香烃类（如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯）等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中，可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料；通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料；适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料；从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃；通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化，可以制得合成气；由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外，还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。

    有机原料的应用范围广泛，主要可分为三个方面：一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料，即聚合反应单体；二是用于其他有机化学工业，包括精细化工产品的原料；三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础，在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (S)-2-[3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-2,2-dimethyloxazolidin-4-yl]oxazole-4-carboxylic acid 890403-75-5 C14H20N2O6
    (S)-2-[3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-2,2-dimethyloxazolidin-4-yl]oxazole-4-carboxylic acid
    —— 3-methyl-5-pyrazoleacetic acid 41669-06-1 C6H8N2O2
    3-methyl-5-pyrazoleacetic acid
    —— 2-((1s,4r)-4-propylcyclohexyl)-propane-1,3-diol 132310-86-2 C12H24O2
    2-((1s,4r)-4-propylcyclohexyl)-propane-1,3-diol
    —— methyl 4-chloro-5-fluoronicotinate 1454913-72-4 C7H5ClFNO2
    methyl 4-chloro-5-fluoronicotinate
    —— 4-(difluoromethoxy)-3-isopropoxybenzoic acid 159783-48-9 C11H12F2O4
    4-(difluoromethoxy)-3-isopropoxybenzoic acid
    —— Dichlor-<2-chlor-phenyl>-phosphin 1004-78-0 C6H4Cl3P
    Dichlor-<2-chlor-phenyl>-phosphin
    —— 4,5-difluoro-2-nitrobenzaldehyde 149169-49-3 C7H3F2NO3
    4,5-difluoro-2-nitrobenzaldehyde
    —— N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-para-phenylenediamine hydrochloride 637-01-4 C10H16N2*ClH
    N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-para-phenylenediamine hydrochloride
    —— 2-chloro-4-iodo-1-(trifluoromethyl)benzene 1206599-46-3 C7H3ClF3I
    2-chloro-4-iodo-1-(trifluoromethyl)benzene
    —— tert-butyl (2-aminoethyl)((tributylstannyl)methyl)carbamate 1557287-99-6 C20H44N2O2Sn
    tert-butyl (2-aminoethyl)((tributylstannyl)methyl)carbamate
    —— norbornene oxide 278-74-0 C7H10O
    norbornene oxide
    —— 3-(2-chloro-acetylamino)-3-phenyl-propionic acid 607737-27-9 C11H12ClNO3
    3-(2-chloro-acetylamino)-3-phenyl-propionic acid
    —— 3-(6-Fluoro-1h-Benzimidazol-2-Yl)-N-(Naphthalen-2-Ylcarbonyl)-D-Alanine 884033-66-3 C21H16FN3O3
    3-(6-Fluoro-1h-Benzimidazol-2-Yl)-N-(Naphthalen-2-Ylcarbonyl)-D-Alanine
    —— <1,4-13C2;2,3-2H2>fumaric acid 100858-52-4 C4H4O4
    <1,4-13C2;2,3-2H2>fumaric acid
    —— (2R,3S)-1-dimethylamino-3-(3-methoxy-phenyl)-2-methyl-pentan-3-ol 809282-20-0 C15H25NO2
    (2R,3S)-1-dimethylamino-3-(3-methoxy-phenyl)-2-methyl-pentan-3-ol
    —— 4-(chloromethyl)-1-isopropoxy-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzene 1215118-94-7 C11H12ClF3O
    4-(chloromethyl)-1-isopropoxy-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzene
    —— rac-3-(tert-Butyldiphenylsilanyloxy)butyric acid 330798-54-4 C20H26O3Si
    rac-3-(tert-Butyldiphenylsilanyloxy)butyric acid
    —— 4-Amino-2-methylisoquinolin-1(2H)-one hydrochloride 54931-54-3 C10H11ClN2O
    4-Amino-2-methylisoquinolin-1(2H)-one hydrochloride
    —— disodium croconate 14379-00-1 C5O5*2Na
    disodium croconate
    —— tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate 13674-84-5 C9H18Cl3O4P
    tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate
    —— N-((1,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydro-s-indacen-4-yl)carbamoyl)-1-isopropyl-1H-pyrazole-3-sulfonamide 1995067-59-8 C19H24N4O3S
    N-((1,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydro-s-indacen-4-yl)carbamoyl)-1-isopropyl-1H-pyrazole-3-sulfonamide
    —— (R)-N-methylphenylalanine methyl ester 181209-66-5 C11H15NO2
    (R)-N-methylphenylalanine methyl ester
    —— Butylen-tetraethyl-diphosphindisulfid 1661-15-0 C12H28P2S2
    Butylen-tetraethyl-diphosphindisulfid
    —— (1<i>RS</i>:2<i>SR</i>)-1,2-dibromo-1-chloro-propane 32595-09-8 C3H5Br2Cl
    (1<i>RS</i>:2<i>SR</i>)-1,2-dibromo-1-chloro-propane
    —— bicyclo[1.1.1]pentan-3-amine,hydrochloride 22287-35-0 C5H10ClN
    bicyclo[1.1.1]pentan-3-amine,hydrochloride
    —— <i>N</i>-(<i>N</i>-L-prolyl-L-leucyl)-glycin-amide 2002-44-0 C13H24N4O3
    <i>N</i>-(<i>N</i>-L-prolyl-L-leucyl)-glycin-amide
    —— N-methylpicolinohydrazonamide 28819-35-4 C7H10N4
    N-methylpicolinohydrazonamide
    —— Benzocyclobuten-4-carbonsaeure 875-94-5 C9H8O2
    Benzocyclobuten-4-carbonsaeure
    —— 2,5-Bis(trimethylsilyl)bicyclo<4.2.0>octa-1,3,5-triene 132170-05-9 C14H24Si2
    2,5-Bis(trimethylsilyl)bicyclo<4.2.0>octa-1,3,5-triene
    —— 4-chloro-1-nitrosopiperidine 65445-61-6 C5H9ClN2O
    4-chloro-1-nitrosopiperidine
    —— (3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-4-[(3R)-4-(3-Chlorophenoxy)-3-hydroxybut-1-en-1-yl]-5-hydroxyhexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one 53906-54-0 C17H19ClO5
    (3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-4-[(3R)-4-(3-Chlorophenoxy)-3-hydroxybut-1-en-1-yl]-5-hydroxyhexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— 2,9,16,23-tetrakis(1,1-dimethylethyl)phthalocyanine 35984-93-1 C48H50N8
    2,9,16,23-tetrakis(1,1-dimethylethyl)phthalocyanine
    —— (2S,3S)-1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-3-methylpyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid 61406-66-4 C11H19NO4
    (2S,3S)-1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-3-methylpyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid
    —— 1,3,5-tris(3-hydroxyphenyl)benzene 132361-23-0 C24H18O3
    1,3,5-tris(3-hydroxyphenyl)benzene
    —— [4-(4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl]methanol 82562-85-4 C16H30O
    [4-(4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl]methanol
    —— 3-formyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-7-yl acetate 849042-95-1 C12H8O5
    3-formyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-7-yl acetate
    —— α-Fenchocamphoronchinon 2767-84-2 C9H12O2
    α-Fenchocamphoronchinon
    —— (4-butylphenyl)diphenylphosphane 65717-69-3 C22H23P
    (4-butylphenyl)diphenylphosphane
    —— diisopropylphosphine(diphenylphosphine)methane 62263-67-6 C19H26P2
    diisopropylphosphine(diphenylphosphine)methane
    —— PtCl2(cyclo-octa-1,5-diene) 12080-32-9 C8H14Cl2Pt
    PtCl2(cyclo-octa-1,5-diene)
    —— potassium ferulate 134550-00-8 C10H9O4*K
    potassium ferulate
    —— Diaethyl-<4-dimethylamino-phenyl>-phosphinoxid 24323-93-1 C12H20NOP
    Diaethyl-<4-dimethylamino-phenyl>-phosphinoxid
    —— (5-methyloxazol-2-yl)methanol 888022-42-2 C5H7NO2
    (5-methyloxazol-2-yl)methanol
    —— Benzyl(3-methylbutyl)amine hydrochloride 4462-18-4 C12H20ClN
    Benzyl(3-methylbutyl)amine hydrochloride
    —— 3-((((9H-Fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)amino)-3-cyclohexylpropanoic acid 683217-52-9 C24H27NO4
    3-((((9H-Fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)amino)-3-cyclohexylpropanoic acid
    —— 1,1,2-Trichloro-2,3,3-trifluoro-cyclobutan 697-17-6 C4H2Cl3F3
    1,1,2-Trichloro-2,3,3-trifluoro-cyclobutan
    —— (R)-6-benzyl 1-ethyl 6-azaspiro[2.5]octane-1,6-dicarboxylate 1539277-95-6 C16H19NO4
    (R)-6-benzyl 1-ethyl 6-azaspiro[2.5]octane-1,6-dicarboxylate
    —— ethyl 5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-carboxylate 42526-30-7 C5H6N2O4
    ethyl 5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-carboxylate
    —— iodomethyl 2-ethylbutanoate 83141-96-2 C7H13IO2
    iodomethyl 2-ethylbutanoate
    —— 2-hydroxy-5-nonylacetophenone oxime 59344-62-6 C17H27NO2
    2-hydroxy-5-nonylacetophenone oxime