有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工,粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业,煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国,早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物,以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。
基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有:氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类(如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃)、芳香烃类(如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯)等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中,可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料;通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料;适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料;从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃;通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化,可以制得合成气;由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外,还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。
有机原料的应用范围广泛,主要可分为三个方面:一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料,即聚合反应单体;二是用于其他有机化学工业,包括精细化工产品的原料;三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础,在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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(1-壬基)三苯基溴化磷 | nonyltriphenylphosphonium bromide | 60902-45-6 | Br*C27H34P |
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(1-哌啶基甲基)三氟硼酸钾 | potassium 1-(trifluoroboratomethyl)piperidine | 888711-54-4 | C6H12BF3N*K |
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(1-吡咯)乙腈 | N-cyanomethyl pyrrolidine | 29134-29-0 | C6H10N2 |
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(1-叔-丁氧羰基吡咯-3-基)硼酸 | (1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)boronic acid | 832697-40-2 | C9H14BNO4 |
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(1-十六烷基)三苯基溴化磷鎓 | (1-hexadecyl)triphenylphosphonium bromide | 14866-43-4 | Br*C34H48P |
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(1-乙氧基乙氧基)苯 | acetaldehyde phenyl ethyl acetal | 5426-78-8 | C10H14O2 |
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(1-乙基哌啶-4-基)甲醇 | 1-Aethyl-4-hydroxymethyl-piperidin | 90226-87-2 | C8H17NO |
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(1-乙基-1H-苯并咪唑-2-基)甲醇 | (1-ethyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methanol | 21269-78-3 | C10H12N2O |
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(1-乙基-1H-吡唑-4-基)甲胺 | (1-ethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methanamine | 856696-09-8 | C6H11N3 |
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(1-三氟甲基-环丙基)-甲醇 | (1-(trifluoromethyl)cyclopropyl)methanol | 371917-17-8 | C5H7F3O |
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(1-(4-溴苯基)环丁基)甲醇 | (1-(4-Bromophenyl)cyclobutyl)methanol | 1227159-85-4 | C11H13BrO |
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(1-(3-苯基吡嗪-2-基)哌啶-4-基)甲胺 | (1-(3-Phenylpyrazin-2-yl)piperidin-4-yl)methanamine | 1069473-58-0 | C16H20N4 |
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(1-((三甲基甲硅烷基)乙炔基)环丙基)氨基甲酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl N-[1-(2-trimethylsilylethynyl)cyclopropyl]carbamate | 1268810-08-7 | C13H23NO2Si |
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(1,5-环辛二烯)二氯化铂(II) | PtCl2(1,5-cyclooctadiene) | 12080-32-9 | C8H12*Cl2Pt |
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(1,5-二甲基己基)氯化铵 | 1,5-Dimethyl-hexylamine; hydrochloride | 5984-59-8 | C8H19N*ClH |
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(1,5-二甲基-1H-吡咯-3-基)甲胺 | (1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)methylamine | 423768-52-9 | C6H11N3 |
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(1,4’-二哌啶)-4’-甲酰胺 | [1,4']bipiperidinyl-4'-carboxylic acid amide | 39633-82-4 | C11H21N3O |
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(1,3:2,4)-二亚苄基山梨醇 | 1,3:2,4-bis-O-(benzylidene)sorbitol | 19046-64-1 | C20H22O6 |
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(1,3-苯并噻唑-2-硫基)乙酸 | 2-benzthiazole thioacetic acid | 6295-57-4 | C9H7NO2S2 |
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(1,3-二甲基-5-羟甲基-1H-吡唑 | (1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)methanol | 57012-20-1 | C6H10N2O |
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(1,3-DIOXOLAN-2-YLMETHYL)MAGNESIUMBROMIDESOLUTION0.5燤INTHF | Magnesium;2-methanidyl-1,3-dioxolane;bromide | 180675-22-3 | C4H7BrMgO2 |
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(1,3,4-恶二唑-2-基)甲胺 | 2-(aminomethyl)oxadiazole | 716329-40-7 | C3H5N3O |
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(1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉-3-基)氨基甲酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl (1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-3-yl)carbamate | 219862-14-3 | C14H20N2O2 |
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(1,1-联苯基)-2-酚钾盐 | Potassium 2-biphenylate | 13707-65-8 | C12H10KO |
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(1,1-二甲氧基乙基)苯 | acetophenone dimethyl acetal | 4316-35-2 | C10H14O2 |
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(1,1-二甲基-2-氧代乙基)氨基甲酸叔丁酯 | 2-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-2-methylpropanal | 109608-77-7 | C9H17NO3 |
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(1,1'-双(二苯基膦)二茂铁)二氯化镍 | [1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]nickel(II) chloride | 67292-34-6 | C34H28Cl2FeNiP2 |
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(1'R,3r)-(+)-1-(1'-苯基乙基)-5-氧代-3-吡咯烷羧酸 | (3R)-1-((R)-1-phenylethyl)-5-oxo-3-pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid | 99735-43-0 | C13H15NO3 |
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(-)4[4-(二甲胺基)-1-(4-氟苯基)-1-(羟基丁基)-3-(羟基 甲基)氰苯.氢溴酸盐 | (-)-(S)-4-(4-dimethylamino-1-(4'-fluorophenyl)-1-hydroxybutyl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-benzonitrile | 488787-59-3 | C20H23FN2O2 |
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(-)-西松烧酹醇 | 2-[(1R,3E,7E,11E)-4,8,12-trimethylcyclotetradeca-3,7,11-trien-1-yl]propan-2-ol | 53915-41-6 | C20H34O |
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(-)-苯并四咪唑 | (S)-BTM | 950194-37-3 | C15H12N2S |
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(-)-松萝酸 | (+)-usnic acid | 6159-66-6 | C18H16O7 |
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(-)-孟氧基乙酸 | menthoxyacetic acid | 40248-63-3 | C12H22O3 |
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(-)-二甲基-2,3-邻异丙亚基-L-酒石酸酯 | (-)-dimethy-2,3-O-isopropylidene-L-tartrate | 37031-29-1 | C9H14O6 |
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(-)-JQ-1; (R)-(-)2-(4-(4-氯苯基)-2,3,9-三甲基-6H-噻吩并[3,2-f][1,2,4]三唑并[4,3-a][1,4]二氮杂环庚烷-6-基)乙酸叔丁酯 | (-)-JQ1 | 1268524-71-5 | C23H25ClN4O2S |
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(-)-Alpha-蒎烯 | copaene | 3856-25-5 | C15H24 |
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(-)-4-氯-Alpha-苯基-苯甲胺 | (R)-(4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methylamine | 163837-57-8 | C13H12ClN |
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(-)-1,2-双[(2S,5S)-2,5-二乙基膦烷基]乙烷 | (S,S,S,S)-1,2-bis-(2,5-diethyl-phospholan-1-yl)ethane | 136779-27-6 | C18H36P2 |
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(-)-1,2-双[(2R,5R)-2,5-二甲基磷]苯 | (R,R)-Me-DuPhos | 147253-67-6 | C18H28P2 |
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(-)-1,2-双((2s,5s)-2,5-二甲基膦)乙烷 | 1,2-bis((2S,5S)-2,5-dimethylphospholano)ethane | 136779-26-5 | C14H28P2 |
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(-)-1,2-双((2S,5S)-2,5-二甲基磷)乙烷(环辛二烯)四氟硼酸铑 | 1,2-Bis[(2S,5S)-2,5-dimethylphospholano]ethane(cyclooctadiene)rhodium(I) tetrafluoroborate | 213343-65-8 | C22H40BF4P2Rh- |
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(-)-(S)-N-(5-氨基-2-甲基-3-苯基-l,2-二氢吡啶并[3,4-b]吡嗪-7-基)氨基甲酸乙酯2-羟基乙基磺酸盐 | Mivobulin isethionate | 126268-81-3 | C19H25N5O6S |
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(+/-)-变肾上腺素盐酸盐 | metanephrine hydrochloride | 881-95-8 | C10H15NO3*ClH |
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(+/-)-10,11-二氢-N,N,BETA-三甲基-5H-二苯并[A,D]环己烯-5-丙胺盐酸盐 | butriptyline*HCl | 5585-73-9 | C21H27N*ClH |
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(+/-)-1-苯基-2-丙炔-1-醇 | 1-Phenyl-2-propyn-1-ol | 4187-87-5 | C9H8O |
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(+)-香茅醛 | (R)-Citronellal | 2385-77-5 | C10H18O |
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(+)-长叶环烯 | 1,2,4-Methenoazulene, decahydro-1,5,5,8a-tetramethyl-, (1S,2R,3aR,4R,8aR,9S)- | 1137-12-8 | C15H24 |
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(+)-脱氢枞酸 | 5-Isodehydroabietinsaeure | 1231-75-0 | C20H28O2 |
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(+)-生物素胺己酰肼 | (5-[(3aS,4S,6aR)-2-oxo-1,3,3a,4,6,6a-hexahydrothieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl]-N-(6-hydrazinyl-6-oxohexyl)pentanamide) | 109276-34-8 | C16H29N5O3S |
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(+)-环己五醇 | (+)-epi-Quercitol | 131435-06-8 | C6H12O5 |
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