有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工,粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业,煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国,早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物,以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。
基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有:氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类(如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃)、芳香烃类(如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯)等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中,可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料;通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料;适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料;从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃;通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化,可以制得合成气;由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外,还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。
有机原料的应用范围广泛,主要可分为三个方面:一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料,即聚合反应单体;二是用于其他有机化学工业,包括精细化工产品的原料;三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础,在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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2-[(对甲基-alpha-苯基苄基)氧基]乙基(二甲基)氯化铵 | dimethyl{2-[(4-methylphenyl)(phenyl)methoxy]ethyl}ammonium chloride | 4024-34-4 | C18H23NO*ClH |
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2-[(四氢糠基)氧基]乙醇 | 2-tetrahydrofurfuryloxy-ethanol | 5831-59-4 | C7H14O3 |
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2-[(呋喃-2-基甲基)亚磺酰基]乙酸 | 2-((furan-2-ylmethyl)sulfinyl)acetic acid | 108499-26-9 | C7H8O4S |
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2-[(二氯乙酰基)氨基]-3-羟基-3-(4-硝基苯基)丙基 [r-(r*,r*)]-氨基乙酸酯 | (1<i>R</i>,2<i>R</i>)-2-(2,2-dichloro-acetylamino)-3-glycyloxy-1-(4-nitro-phenyl)-propan-1-ol | 2980-74-7 | C13H15Cl2N3O6 |
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2-[(乙氨基)甲基]-4-氟苯酚 | 2-[(Ethylamino)methyl]-4-fluorophenol | 1363166-27-1 | C9H12FNO |
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2-[(p-甲氧基苄亚基)氨基]乙醇 | 2-(p-methoxybenzylideneamino)ethanol | 1952-35-8 | C10H13NO2 |
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2-[(8-氯-1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8-十六氟辛基)氧基]-1,1,2,2-四氟乙烷磺酰氯 | 3-oxa-11-chloro-eicosafluoroundecane sulfonyl fluoride | 73606-15-2 | C10ClF21O3S |
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2-[(6-羟基[1,1'-联苯]-3-基)羰基]苯甲酸和1-[2-[(S)-(4-氯苯基)苯基甲氧基]乙基]哌啶的化合物 | levocloperastine fendizoate | 220329-19-1 | C20H14O4*C20H24ClNO |
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2-[(6-氯-1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-十二氟己基)氧基]-1,1,2,2-四氟乙烷磺酸钾 | F-53B | 73606-19-6 | C8ClF16O4S*K |
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2-[(5s)-2,4-二氧代噻唑烷-5-基]乙酸酯 | 2-(2,4-dioxothiazolidin-5-yl)acetic acid | 875-97-8 | C5H5NO4S |
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2-[(5R,8S,8aR)-8-甲基-2-氧代-4,5,6,7,8,8a-六氢-1H-薁-5-基]丙-2-烯酸 | Isorupestonic acid | 139953-21-2 | C14H18O3 |
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2-[(5-溴-2-嘧啶基)氧基]乙醇 | 2-((5-bromopyrimidin-2-yl)oxy)ethanol | 1246922-88-2 | C6H7BrN2O2 |
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2-[(4-肼基苯基)磺酰基]-乙醇 | Ethanol, 2-[(4-hydrazinophenyl)sulfonyl]- | 26505-12-4 | C8H12N2O3S |
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2-[(4-甲氧苄基)氨基]苯酚 | 2-((4-methoxybenzyl)amino)phenol | 728000-06-4 | C14H15NO2 |
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2-[(4-甲氧基苄基)氨基]乙醇 | 2-[(4-methoxybenzyl)amino]ethanol | 64834-63-5 | C10H15NO2 |
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2-[(4-甲氧基-alpha-苯基苄基)氧基]乙基(二甲基)氯化铵 | Medrylamine Hydrochloride | 6027-00-5 | C18H24ClNO2 |
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2-[(4-甲基苯基)亚甲基]庚烷-1-醛 | 2-[(4-methylphenyl)methylene]-heptanaldehyde | 84697-09-6 | C15H20O |
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2-[(4-溴苯氧基)甲基]环氧乙烷 | 2-((4-bromophenoxy)methyl)oxirane | 2212-06-8 | C9H9BrO2 |
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2-[(4-氯苯基)硫代]-6-氟苯甲腈 | 2-(4-chlorophenylsulfanyl)-6-fluorobenzonitrile | 175204-12-3 | C13H7ClFNS |
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2-[(4-氯苯基)甲基]苯甲酸 | 2-(4'-chlorobenzyl)benzoic acid | 4889-70-7 | C14H11ClO2 |
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2-[(4-氨基苯基)-磺酰基]-乙醇 | 4-(2'-Hydroxyethylsulphonyl)aniline | 5246-58-2 | C8H11NO3S |
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2-[(4-氨基苯)甲基]苯胺 | 2,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane | 1208-52-2 | C13H14N2 |
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2-[(4-异硫氰基苯基)甲基]-1,4,7,10-四氮杂环十二烷-1,4,7,10-四乙酸 | p-SCN-Bn-DOTA | 127985-74-4 | C24H33N5O8S |
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2-[(4-乙烯基苯氧基)甲基]环氧乙烷 | 4-vinylphenyl glycidyl ether | 2653-39-6 | C11H12O2 |
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2-[(4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,9-十三氟-1,1-二甲基壬基氧)羰基氧亚氨基]-2-苯乙腈 | 2-[(4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,9-Tridecafluoro-1,1-dimethylnonyloxy) carbonyloxyimino]-2-phenylacetonitrile | 892154-76-6 | C20H15F13N2O3 |
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2-[(3,3-二苯基丙基)氨基]-乙酰胺 | 3,3-diphenylpropyl-N-glycinamide | 76991-05-4 | C17H20N2O |
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2-[(2-羧基苯基)二氮基]苯甲酸 | 2,2'-azobenzoic acid | 635-54-1 | C14H10N2O4 |
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2-[(2-溴苯基)甲基]丙二酸 | <(2-bromophenyl)methyl>propanedicarboxylic acid | 58380-12-4 | C10H9BrO4 |
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2-[(2-氟乙酰基)氨基]-N-(2-甲基苯基)-5-硝基-苯甲酰胺 | N-(2-fluoroacetamido-5-nitrobenzoyl)-o-toluidine | 56287-72-0 | C16H14FN3O4 |
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2-[(2-乙己基)氧]-乙醇 | ethylene glycol-2-ethylhexyl ether | 1559-35-9 | C10H22O2 |
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2-[(2,6-二氯苯基)氨基]苯甲醛 | 2-((2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino)benzaldehyde | 22121-58-0 | C13H9Cl2NO |
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2-[(2,6-二氯苯基)氨基]苯甲酸 | diclofenac | 13625-57-5 | C13H9Cl2NO2 |
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2-[(2,4,5-三甲氧基苯甲酰基)氨基]-4-噻唑羧酸乙酯 | 2-[N-(2,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl)amino]-4-ethoxycarbonyl-1,3-thiazole | 185105-98-0 | C16H18N2O6S |
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2-[(2,2,3,3,3-五氟丙氧基)甲基]环氧乙烷 | 2-((2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyloxy)methyl)oxirane | 706-89-8 | C6H7F5O2 |
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2-[(1S,2S)-1-乙基-2-苄氧基丙基]肼甲醛 | N’-[(1S,2S)-2-(benzyloxy)-1-ethylpropyl]formic hydrazide | 170985-85-0 | C13H20N2O2 |
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2-[(1S)-1-氨基丙基]-5-氟-3-苯基-4(3H)-喹唑啉酮 | (S)-2-(1-aminopropyl)-5-fluoro-3-phenylquinazolin-4(3H)-one | 870281-86-0 | C17H16FN3O |
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2-[(1,3-二氢-1,3-二氧代-2H-异吲哚-2-基)氧基]-2-甲基丙酸乙酯 | 2-(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydroisoindol-2-yloxy)-2-methylpropionic acid ethyl ester | 40674-21-3 | C14H15NO5 |
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2-N-丙氧基乙胺 | 2-propoxyethanamine | 42185-03-5 | C5H13NO |
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2-N-boc-2-甲基-1,2-丙二胺 | tert-butyl (1-amino-2-methylpropan-2-yl)carbamate | 320581-09-7 | C9H20N2O2 |
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2-N-boc-1,2-丙二胺 | dl-1-amino-2-(1,1-dimethylethoxy)carbonylamino-propane | 149632-73-5 | C8H18N2O2 |
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2-N-BOC-氨基噻唑-5-羧酸 | 2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)thiazole-5-carboxylic acid | 302964-02-9 | C9H12N2O4S |
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2-CBZ-2,7-二氮杂螺[4.4]壬烷 | Benzyl 2,7-diazaspiro[4.4]nonane-2-carboxylate | 1086394-74-2 | C15H20N2O2 |
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2-Brome-6,7-二氢噻唑[5,4-c]吡啶-4(5H)-酮 | 2-bromo-6,7-dihydrothiazolo[5,4-c]pyridin-4(5H)-one | 1035219-96-5 | C6H5BrN2OS |
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2-Boc-氨基-4-甲酰基吡啶 | tert-butyl (4-formylpyridin-2-yl)carbamate | 304873-65-2 | C11H14N2O3 |
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2-Boc-7-羟基-2-氮杂螺[3.5]壬烷 | tert-butyl 7-hydroxy-2-azaspiro[3.5]nonane-2-carboxylate | 1363383-18-9 | C13H23NO3 |
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2-BOC-氨基噻唑-4-羧酸 | 2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)thiazole-4-carboxylic acid | 83673-98-7 | C9H12N2O4S |
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2-BOC-2-氮杂螺[3.3]庚烷-6-羧酸 | 2-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-2-azaspiro[3.3]heptane-6-carboxylic acid | 1211526-53-2 | C12H19NO4 |
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2-BOC-2,7-二氮杂-螺[4.4]壬烷 | tert-butyl 2,7-diazaspiro[4.4]nonane-2-carboxylate | 236406-49-8 | C12H22N2O2 |
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2-5-二甲氧基苯丁酮 | 2',5'-dimethoxybutyrophenone | 54419-64-6 | C12H16O3 |
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2-2,2,2-三氟萘乙酮 | 2-naphthyl trifluoromethyl ketone | 1800-42-6 | C12H7F3O |
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