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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 有机原料

    有机原料

    有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工，粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业，煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国，早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物，以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。

    基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有：氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类（如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃）、芳香烃类（如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯）等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中，可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料；通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料；适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料；从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃；通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化，可以制得合成气；由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外，还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。

    有机原料的应用范围广泛，主要可分为三个方面：一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料，即聚合反应单体；二是用于其他有机化学工业，包括精细化工产品的原料；三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础，在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— Potassium oxalate monohydrate 6487-48-5 C2H2K2O5
    Potassium oxalate monohydrate
    —— rhodium(I) acetate 42204-14-8 C2H3O2Rh-
    rhodium(I) acetate
    —— Sodium potassium tartrate tetrahydrate 6381-59-5 C4H12KNaO10
    Sodium potassium tartrate tetrahydrate
    —— Sodium 3,4-dicarboxy-3-hydroxybutanoate 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate--water (4/1/1/3) 6132-05-4 C12H18Na4O17
    Sodium 3,4-dicarboxy-3-hydroxybutanoate 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate--water (4/1/1/3)
    —— Cornforth reagent 20039-37-6 C10H12Cr2N2O7
    Cornforth reagent
    —— Neodymium(III) isopropoxide 19236-15-8 C9H21NdO3
    Neodymium(III) isopropoxide
    —— ethanol;zirconium 18267-08-8 C8H24O4Zr
    ethanol;zirconium
    —— magnesium;methoxybenzene;bromide 13139-86-1 C7H7BrMgO
    magnesium;methoxybenzene;bromide
    —— D-3-Bromocamphor-10-sulfonic acid monohydrate 206860-46-0 C10H17BrO5S
    D-3-Bromocamphor-10-sulfonic acid monohydrate
    —— Yttrium(III) trifluoromethanesulfonate 52093-30-8 C3F9O9S3Y
    Yttrium(III) trifluoromethanesulfonate
    —— 2-methylpropan-2-ol;titanium 3087-39-6 C16H40O4Ti
    2-methylpropan-2-ol;titanium
    —— Cycloocta-1,5-diene; rhodium; trifluoromethanesulfonate 99326-34-8 C17H24F3O3RhS-
    Cycloocta-1,5-diene; rhodium; trifluoromethanesulfonate
    —— Scandium(III) trifluoromethanesulfonate 144026-79-9 C3F9O9S3Sc
    Scandium(III) trifluoromethanesulfonate
    —— Bis(1,5-cyclooctadiene)rhodium(I)tetrafluoroborate 35138-22-8 C16H24BF4Rh-
    Bis(1,5-cyclooctadiene)rhodium(I)tetrafluoroborate
    —— Copper(II) trifluoromethanesulfonate 34946-82-2 C2CuF6O6S2
    Copper(II) trifluoromethanesulfonate
    —— (S)-2-norborneol 497-36-9 C7H12O
    (S)-2-norborneol
    —— 2,6-Dichloroindophenol sodium salt 620-45-1 C12H6Cl2NO2*Na
    2,6-Dichloroindophenol sodium salt
    —— 2-Azabicyclo[2.1.1]hexane-1-carboxylic acid 73550-56-8 C6H9NO2
    2-Azabicyclo[2.1.1]hexane-1-carboxylic acid
    —— trans-Tetrahydroionon 6138-85-8 C13H24O
    trans-Tetrahydroionon
    —— trans-1,3-Bis-(aminomethyl)-cyclohexan 2579-20-6 C8H18N2
    trans-1,3-Bis-(aminomethyl)-cyclohexan
    —— cis-2,3-dichlorotetrahydrofuran 3511-19-1 C4H6Cl2O
    cis-2,3-dichlorotetrahydrofuran
    —— 2-(2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)pyrrolidine 1016499-98-1 C10H11BrFN
    2-(2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)pyrrolidine
    —— (2S,4R)-1-(tert-Butoxycarbonyl)-4-(4-chlorobenzyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid 959576-35-3 C17H22ClNO4
    (2S,4R)-1-(tert-Butoxycarbonyl)-4-(4-chlorobenzyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid
    —— (2S,4S)-4-Benzhydryl-1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid 959573-18-3 C23H27NO4
    (2S,4S)-4-Benzhydryl-1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid
    —— N-(2-(piperidin-4-yl)ethyl)methanesulfonamide hydrochloride 70922-37-1 C8H18N2O2S*ClH
    N-(2-(piperidin-4-yl)ethyl)methanesulfonamide hydrochloride
    —— 1-diethylphosphino-3-diphenylphosphinopropane 82195-32-2 C19H26P2
    1-diethylphosphino-3-diphenylphosphinopropane
    —— 1-(2-fluoro-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethanone 142265-69-8 C10H11FO3
    1-(2-fluoro-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethanone
    —— p-dioctylaminophenol 16222-34-7 C22H39NO
    p-dioctylaminophenol
    —— 3-t-butoxycarbonylaminoazetidine acetate 218430-15-0 C2H4O2*C8H16N2O2
    3-t-butoxycarbonylaminoazetidine acetate
    —— ethyl fumarate 2459-05-4 C6H7O4
    ethyl fumarate
    —— trans-pentadec-12-en-15-olide 4941-78-0 C15H26O2
    trans-pentadec-12-en-15-olide
    —— [(2R)-2-methyloxiran-2-yl]methyl 3-nitrobenzenesulfonate 683276-64-4 C10H11NO6S
    [(2R)-2-methyloxiran-2-yl]methyl 3-nitrobenzenesulfonate
    —— N-methyl-7-nitro-2,3-dihydroisoindole-1-one 761440-05-5 C9H8N2O3
    N-methyl-7-nitro-2,3-dihydroisoindole-1-one
    —— Magnesium bromide 3-chloro-5-fluorobenzen-1-ide (1/1/1) 480438-50-4 C6H3BrClFMg
    Magnesium bromide 3-chloro-5-fluorobenzen-1-ide (1/1/1)
    —— Magnesium bromide 4-fluoro-2-methylbenzen-1-ide (1/1/1) 30897-90-6 C7H6BrFMg
    Magnesium bromide 4-fluoro-2-methylbenzen-1-ide (1/1/1)
    —— Yttrium hexafluoroacetylacetonate 18911-76-7 C15H3F18O6Y
    Yttrium hexafluoroacetylacetonate
    —— Magnesium 1-fluoro-4-methanidylbenzene chloride 1643-73-8 C7H6ClFMg
    Magnesium 1-fluoro-4-methanidylbenzene chloride
    —— ((<i>R</i>)-2,2-dichloro-cyclopropyl)-benzene 2415-80-7 C9H8Cl2
    ((<i>R</i>)-2,2-dichloro-cyclopropyl)-benzene
    —— (+)-(R)-N-(4-(1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-6-yl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinolin-8-yl)propionamide 1428652-17-8 C22H25N3O2
    (+)-(R)-N-(4-(1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-6-yl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinolin-8-yl)propionamide
    —— Magnesium bromide 5-fluoro-2-methoxybenzen-1-ide (1/1/1) 188132-02-7 C7H6BrFMgO
    Magnesium bromide 5-fluoro-2-methoxybenzen-1-ide (1/1/1)
    —— Cambridge id 5209248 24567-76-8 2C12H21N3O2S*2H2O*3H2O4S
    Cambridge id 5209248
    —— N-(3',5'-dichlorobenzyl)-1,3-diaminopropane 1184374-82-0 C10H14Cl2N2
    N-(3',5'-dichlorobenzyl)-1,3-diaminopropane
    —— endo-2-Amino-norbornan 822-98-0 C7H13N
    endo-2-Amino-norbornan
    —— exo-2-Amino-bicyclo<2.2.1>heptan 822-98-0 C7H13N
    exo-2-Amino-bicyclo<2.2.1>heptan
    —— (2S,3S)-N-[(9-fluorenylmethoxy)carbonyl]-3-methylphenylalanine 247175-69-5 C25H23NO4
    (2S,3S)-N-[(9-fluorenylmethoxy)carbonyl]-3-methylphenylalanine
    —— (<i>R</i>)-5-((<i>R</i>)-1,2-dihydroxy-ethyl)-3,4-dihydroxy-5<i>H</i>-furan-2-one; sodium-salt 63524-04-9 C6H7O6*H2O*Na
    (<i>R</i>)-5-((<i>R</i>)-1,2-dihydroxy-ethyl)-3,4-dihydroxy-5<i>H</i>-furan-2-one; sodium-salt
    —— 1,1-difluoropropan-2-ol 431-04-9 C3H6F2O
    1,1-difluoropropan-2-ol
    —— 11β-hydroxyprogesterone 600-57-7 C21H30O3
    11β-hydroxyprogesterone
    —— Atropine oxide 4438-22-6 C17H23NO4
    Atropine oxide
    —— tetrakis(ethylmethylamino) hafnium 352535-01-4 C12H36HfN4
    tetrakis(ethylmethylamino) hafnium