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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 有机原料

    有机原料

    有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工，粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业，煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国，早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物，以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。

    基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有：氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类（如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃）、芳香烃类（如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯）等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中，可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料；通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料；适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料；从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃；通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化，可以制得合成气；由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外，还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。

    有机原料的应用范围广泛，主要可分为三个方面：一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料，即聚合反应单体；二是用于其他有机化学工业，包括精细化工产品的原料；三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础，在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— trans-1,2-Dichlor-cyclopentan 14376-81-9 C5H8Cl2
    trans-1,2-Dichlor-cyclopentan
    —— 3-[2-[2-(2-benzyloxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]propanoic acid 127457-64-1 C16H24O6
    3-[2-[2-(2-benzyloxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]propanoic acid
    —— methyl 5-bromo-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridazine-3-carboxylate 1591827-38-1 C6H5BrN2O3
    methyl 5-bromo-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridazine-3-carboxylate
    —— α-ketoglutarate, calcium salt 71686-01-6 C5H4O5*Ca
    α-ketoglutarate, calcium salt
    —— benzyl 3-cyanobenzoate 208836-54-8 C15H11NO2
    benzyl 3-cyanobenzoate
    —— 2-(1-(3-fluorophenyl)vinyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane 1239700-55-0 C14H18BFO2
    2-(1-(3-fluorophenyl)vinyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane
    —— N,N-diethyl-2-{2-[4-(2-(p-toluenesulfonyloxy)ethoxy)phenyl]-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-3-yl}acetamide 958233-17-5 C29H34N4O5S
    N,N-diethyl-2-{2-[4-(2-(p-toluenesulfonyloxy)ethoxy)phenyl]-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-3-yl}acetamide
    —— tert-butyl 1-amino-3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24,27,30,33,36-dodecaoxanonatriacontan-39-oate 1383814-00-3 C31H63NO14
    tert-butyl 1-amino-3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24,27,30,33,36-dodecaoxanonatriacontan-39-oate
    —— 3-benzylidenamino-1-chloropropan-2-ol 6937-15-1 C10H12ClNO
    3-benzylidenamino-1-chloropropan-2-ol
    —— but-2-yn-1-amine hydrochloride 50329-23-2 C4H7N*ClH
    but-2-yn-1-amine hydrochloride
    —— 1-(6-amino-purin-9-yl)-<i>O</i><sup>3</sup>-phosphono-α-<i>L</i>-1-deoxy-lyxofuranose 84-21-9 C10H14N5O7P
    1-(6-amino-purin-9-yl)-<i>O</i><sup>3</sup>-phosphono-α-<i>L</i>-1-deoxy-lyxofuranose
    —— N-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-L-hydroxyproline benzyl ester 13500-53-3 C20H21NO5
    N-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-L-hydroxyproline benzyl ester
    —— tetrathiafulvalene dication 31366-25-3 C6H4S4
    tetrathiafulvalene dication
    —— (2S)-5-[bis[2-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)ethyl]amino]-2-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-5-oxo-pentanoic acid 1083175-00-1 C24H44N4O9
    (2S)-5-[bis[2-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)ethyl]amino]-2-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-5-oxo-pentanoic acid
    —— N-[2-acetamido-4-(diethylamino)phenyl]-3,3-dicyano-2-(3-methyl-2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl)prop-2-enimidoyl cyanide 140234-93-1 C23H23N7O3
    N-[2-acetamido-4-(diethylamino)phenyl]-3,3-dicyano-2-(3-methyl-2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl)prop-2-enimidoyl cyanide
    —— 2,4,6-trichlorobenzimidazole 142356-47-6 C7H3Cl3N2
    2,4,6-trichlorobenzimidazole
    —— Magnesium chloride (2-methoxyphenyl)methanide (1/1/1) 480438-46-8 C8H9ClMgO
    Magnesium chloride (2-methoxyphenyl)methanide (1/1/1)
    —— conduritol β-epoxide 6090-95-5 C6H10O5
    conduritol β-epoxide
    —— (+/-)-cis-1,4-dioxaspiro<4.4>nonane-7,8-dicarboxylic acid monomethyl ester 58198-14-4 C10H14O6
    (+/-)-cis-1,4-dioxaspiro<4.4>nonane-7,8-dicarboxylic acid monomethyl ester
    —— chiro-inositol hexaacetate 1254-38-2 C18H24O12
    chiro-inositol hexaacetate
    —— phytol acetate 10236-16-5 C22H42O2
    phytol acetate
    —— 1,1'-Methylenebis<5-(furfuryl)furan> 29953-21-7 C19H16O4
    1,1'-Methylenebis<5-(furfuryl)furan>
    —— tert-butyl azete-1(2H)-carboxylate 1248510-38-4 C8H13NO2
    tert-butyl azete-1(2H)-carboxylate
    —— 3,3'-[1,3-phenylenebis(ethyne-2,1-diyl)]dibenzoic acid 1224935-34-5 C24H14O4
    3,3'-[1,3-phenylenebis(ethyne-2,1-diyl)]dibenzoic acid
    —— 2-oxo-1-azaspiro[3.3]heptane-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester 204132-37-6 C11H17NO3
    2-oxo-1-azaspiro[3.3]heptane-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester
    —— 1,2-bis(4-bromophenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole 1169709-28-7 C19H12Br2N2
    1,2-bis(4-bromophenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole
    —— formic acid-((<i>R</i>)-<i>p</i>-menth-1-en-8-yl ester) 2153-26-6 C11H18O2
    formic acid-((<i>R</i>)-<i>p</i>-menth-1-en-8-yl ester)
    —— (5-bromo-2-methylphenyl)(4-chlorophenyl)methanone 1500921-65-2 C14H10BrClO
    (5-bromo-2-methylphenyl)(4-chlorophenyl)methanone
    —— (E)-6,10-dimethyl-5,9-undecadien-2-yl acetate 3239-35-8 C15H26O2
    (E)-6,10-dimethyl-5,9-undecadien-2-yl acetate
    —— bis(hexafluoroacetylacetonazo)nickel(II) 14949-69-0 C10H2F12NiO4
    bis(hexafluoroacetylacetonazo)nickel(II)
    —— (1S,3R)-1-methyl-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-2-ium-3-carboxylate 5470-37-1 C13H14N2O2
    (1S,3R)-1-methyl-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-2-ium-3-carboxylate
    —— 3,3'-(ethane-1,2-diylbis(oxy))dipropanoic acid 19364-66-0 C8H14O6
    3,3'-(ethane-1,2-diylbis(oxy))dipropanoic acid
    —— 3-amino-N-methylpyrazol-5-one 54235-29-9 C4H7N3O
    3-amino-N-methylpyrazol-5-one
    —— sodium 2-hydroxy-1-nitrosonaphtalene-3,6-disulphonate 525-05-3 C10H5NO8S2*2Na
    sodium 2-hydroxy-1-nitrosonaphtalene-3,6-disulphonate
    —— 1,4-diethynyl-2-aminobenzene 137000-70-5 C10H7N
    1,4-diethynyl-2-aminobenzene
    —— 1-(4-bromobenzylsulfonyl)piperidine 950256-94-7 C12H16BrNO2S
    1-(4-bromobenzylsulfonyl)piperidine
    —— Octahydro-endo-4,7-methanoinden-endo-5-ol 10271-44-0 C10H16O
    Octahydro-endo-4,7-methanoinden-endo-5-ol
    —— 4-(2-((((9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)amino)ethyl)benzoic acid 203453-80-9 C24H21NO4
    4-(2-((((9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)amino)ethyl)benzoic acid
    —— 6,7-dibromo-1-methyl-1H-pyrido[2,3-b][1,4]oxazin-2(3H)-one 1313441-47-2 C8H6Br2N2O2
    6,7-dibromo-1-methyl-1H-pyrido[2,3-b][1,4]oxazin-2(3H)-one
    —— LNK-754 1190094-64-4 C29H22ClN3O2
    LNK-754
    —— (E)-5-cyclohexadecen-1-one 37609-25-9 C16H28O
    (E)-5-cyclohexadecen-1-one
    —— 1-Propylcyclopropancarbonsaeure 104131-82-0 C7H12O2
    1-Propylcyclopropancarbonsaeure
    —— tert-butyl (3S,4R)-4-(3-fluorophenyl)pyrrolidin-3-ylcarbamate 1260596-09-5 C15H21FN2O2
    tert-butyl (3S,4R)-4-(3-fluorophenyl)pyrrolidin-3-ylcarbamate
    —— 2-bromo-4-((methylsulfonyl)methyl)aniline 1238315-34-8 C8H10BrNO2S
    2-bromo-4-((methylsulfonyl)methyl)aniline
    —— (2S)-2-(((carboxy)methoxy)methyl)-pyrrolidin-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester 193086-18-9 C12H21NO5
    (2S)-2-(((carboxy)methoxy)methyl)-pyrrolidin-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester
    —— [2-(3-hydroxy-10,13,16-trimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)-2-oxoethyl] acetate 1173-09-7 C24H36O4
    [2-(3-hydroxy-10,13,16-trimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)-2-oxoethyl] acetate
    —— 1-(chloromethyl)dioctylphosphine oxide 111257-07-9 C17H36ClOP
    1-(chloromethyl)dioctylphosphine oxide
    —— 4-(4-nitro-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)morpholine 54672-11-6 C11H11F3N2O3
    4-(4-nitro-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)morpholine
    —— 2-bromo-5-fluoro-4-methoxyaniline 445441-58-7 C7H7BrFNO
    2-bromo-5-fluoro-4-methoxyaniline
    —— 3-(3-chlorophenyl)-9-phenyl-9H-carbazole 1026033-57-7 C24H16ClN
    3-(3-chlorophenyl)-9-phenyl-9H-carbazole