有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工,粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业,煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国,早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物,以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。
基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有:氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类(如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃)、芳香烃类(如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯)等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中,可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料;通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料;适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料;从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃;通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化,可以制得合成气;由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外,还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。
有机原料的应用范围广泛,主要可分为三个方面:一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料,即聚合反应单体;二是用于其他有机化学工业,包括精细化工产品的原料;三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础,在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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2-哌嗪丙醇,1,4-二甲基- | α-methylserine methyl ester | 309977-52-4 | C5H11NO3 |
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2-哌啶甲醇 | 2-Piperidinemethanol | 3433-37-2 | C6H13NO |
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2-哌啶甲酰胺 | (RS)-piperidine-2-carboxamide | 19889-77-1 | C6H12N2O |
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2-哌啶基-1-苯甲醛 | 2-(piperidin-1-yl)benzaldehyde | 34595-26-1 | C12H15NO |
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2-哌啶乙醇 | 2(RS)-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine | 1484-84-0 | C7H15NO |
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2-哌啶-4-基-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉双盐酸盐 | (3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)acetic acid | 180741-30-4 | C6H8N2O2 |
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2-哌啶-2-基-1H-苯并咪唑 | 2-(piperidin-2-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole | 51785-23-0 | C12H15N3 |
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2-哌啶-1-基环己烷-1-酮 | α-N-piperidylcyclohexanone | 3319-04-8 | C11H19NO |
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2-哌啶-1-基-5-(三氟甲基)苯胺 | 2-(piperidin-1-yl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)aniline | 1496-40-8 | C12H15F3N2 |
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2-咪唑酮 | 2-Imidazolidinone hemihydrate | 121325-67-5 | C6H14N4O3 |
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2-咪唑甲醛 | 2-imidazolecarbaldehyde | 10111-08-7 | C4H4N2O |
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2-咪唑烷酮 | imidazolidone | 120-93-4 | C3H6N2O |
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2-咪唑啉 | 2-imidazoline | 504-75-6 | C3H6N2 |
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2-咪唑-1-苯甲醛 | 2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzaldehyde | 151055-86-6 | C10H8N2O |
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2-咪唑-1-基苯酚 | 2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenol | 10041-04-0 | C9H8N2O |
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2-咔唑-9-基-4-甲基苯酚 | 2-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-4-methylphenol | 620987-78-2 | C19H15NO |
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2-呋甲醚 | 2-methoxyfuran | 25414-22-6 | C5H6O2 |
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2-呋喃甲胺 | furan-2-ylmethanamine | 617-89-0 | C5H7NO |
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2-呋喃基羟基甲基甲酮 | 2-(2-hydroxyacetyl)furan | 17678-19-2 | C6H6O3 |
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2-呋喃基GLY氧基O腈 | 2-furoyl cyanide | 6047-91-2 | C6H3NO2 |
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2-呋喃乙酸 | furan-2-yl-acetic acid | 2745-26-8 | C6H6O3 |
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2-呋喃三氟硼酸钾 | potassium 2-furantrifluoroborate | 166328-14-9 | C4H3BF3O*K |
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2-吡嗪甲醛 | pyrazinecarboxaldehyde | 5780-66-5 | C5H4N2O |
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2-吡啶甲醛 2-(2-吡啶基)腙 | 1,3-bis(2′-pyridyl)-1,2-diazapropen-2-ene | 2215-33-0 | C11H10N4 |
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2-吡啶甲酰氯 | pyridine-2-carbonyl chloride | 29745-44-6 | C6H4ClNO |
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2-吡啶丙醇 | 3-(pyridin-2-yl)-propanol | 2859-68-9 | C8H11NO |
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2-吡啶-4-喹啉-4-羧酸肼 | 2-pyridin-4-yl-quinoline-4-carboxylic acid hydrazide | 5206-34-8 | C15H12N4O |
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2-吡啶-2-基喹啉-4-卡巴肼 | 2-pyridin-2-yl-quinoline-4-carboxylic acid hydrazide | 5109-96-6 | C15H12N4O |
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2-吡唑-1-基乙胺 | 2-pyrazol-1-yl-ethylamine | 101395-71-5 | C5H9N3 |
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2-吡咯甲醛 | 2-Formylpyrrole | 1003-29-8 | C5H5NO |
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2-吡咯烷-1-基嘧啶-4-胺 | 2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pyrimidin-4-amine | 33851-99-9 | C8H12N4 |
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2-吗啉醇盐酸盐 | rnorpholin-2-ol hydrochloride | 79323-24-3 | C4H9NO2*ClH |
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2-吗啉甲酸盐酸盐 | morpholine-2-carboxylic acid hydrochloride | 878010-24-3 | C5H9NO3*ClH |
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2-吗啉基苯酚 | 2-morpholinophenol | 41536-44-1 | C10H13NO2 |
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2-吗啉基吡啶-3-甲醛 | 2-morpholinonicotinaldehyde | 465514-09-4 | C10H12N2O2 |
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2-吗啉基乙基2-苯氧基异丁酸酯盐酸盐 | ss-Morpholinoethyl-α-phenoxyisobutyrat-hydrochlorid | 10524-82-0 | C16H23NO4*ClH |
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2-吗啉乙醇 | 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethanol | 622-40-2 | C6H13NO2 |
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2-吗啉乙酸 | morpholine-2-acetic acid | 180863-27-8 | C6H11NO3 |
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2-吗啉-4-基-苯甲酰 | 2-(morpholin-4-yl)benzaldehyde | 58028-76-5 | C11H13NO2 |
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2-叠氮基乙醇 | 2-azidoethanol | 1517-05-1 | C2H5N3O |
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2-叠氮基-1H-苯并咪唑 | 2-Azido-benzimidazol | 1516-74-1 | C7H5N5 |
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2-叠氮乙胺盐酸盐,2-AZIDOETHANAMINEHCL | 2-azidoethylamine hydrochloride | 118508-67-1 | C2H6N4*ClH |
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2-叔戊基蒽醌 | 2-tert-amylanthraquinone | 32588-54-8 | C19H18O2 |
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2-叔丁氧羰基氨基噻唑-4-乙酸 | 2-(2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)thiazol-4-yl)acetic acid | 89336-46-9 | C10H14N2O4S |
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2-叔丁氧羰基氨基丙烯酸甲酯 | methyl 2-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]acrylate | 55477-80-0 | C9H15NO4 |
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2-叔丁氧羰基-2,7-二氮杂螺[3.5]壬烷 | tert-butyl 2,7-diazaspiro[3.5]nonane-2-carboxylate | 236406-55-6 | C12H22N2O2 |
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2-叔丁氧基羰基氨基-3-(2,4-二氟苯基)-丙酸 | 2-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-3-(2,4-difIuorophenyl)propanoic acid | 174691-78-2 | C14H17F2NO4 |
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2-叔丁氧基羰基氨基-2-乙基-丁酸 | 2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-2-ethylbutanoic acid | 139937-99-8 | C11H21NO4 |
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2-叔丁基苯酚 | 2-tert-Butylphenol | 88-18-6 | C10H14O |
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2-叔丁基苯胺 | 2-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-benzenamine | 6310-21-0 | C10H15N |
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