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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (Z)-5-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one 99988-74-6 C12H11NO4S2
    (Z)-5-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one
    —— ethyl 4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-thioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate 940809-75-6 C16H20N2O5S
    ethyl 4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-thioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate
    —— 4-(1-Hydroxy-heptyl)-2-methoxy-phenol 114515-50-3 C14H22O3
    4-(1-Hydroxy-heptyl)-2-methoxy-phenol
    —— (4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy-phenyl)-glyoxylic acid 81947-97-9 C10H10O6
    (4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy-phenyl)-glyoxylic acid
    —— 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4,4-dimethylpentan-3-one 106174-97-4 C14H20O3
    1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4,4-dimethylpentan-3-one
    —— 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymandelic acid (phenylmethyl) ester 139473-89-5 C16H16O5
    4-hydroxy-3-methoxymandelic acid (phenylmethyl) ester
    —— 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl alpha acetoxyacetic acid 153750-09-5 C11H12O6
    4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl alpha acetoxyacetic acid
    —— methyl vanillmandelate 2911-74-2 C10H12O5
    methyl vanillmandelate
    —— 4-ethyl-2-thiophen-3-yl-phenol 847345-47-5 C12H12OS
    4-ethyl-2-thiophen-3-yl-phenol
    —— hydron;4-[2-[pentyl(2-phenylethyl)amino]ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol;bromide —— C21H30BrNO2
    hydron;4-[2-[pentyl(2-phenylethyl)amino]ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol;bromide
    —— 4-[2-(Isopropyl-phenethyl-amino)-ethyl]-benzene-1,2-diol 70045-11-3 C19H25NO2
    4-[2-(Isopropyl-phenethyl-amino)-ethyl]-benzene-1,2-diol
    —— N-(3,4-Dihydroxy-phenethyl)-5-benzyloxy-3-indolacetamid 70265-25-7 C25H24N2O4
    N-(3,4-Dihydroxy-phenethyl)-5-benzyloxy-3-indolacetamid
    —— Phenethylamine, 3,4-dihydroxy-N-(p-nitrophenethyl)-N-propyl-, acetate 70045-05-5 C21H28N2O6
    Phenethylamine, 3,4-dihydroxy-N-(p-nitrophenethyl)-N-propyl-, acetate
    —— 4-(2-(N,N-Diphenethylamino)ethyl)pyrocatechol oxalate (2:1) 70045-18-0 C50H56N2O8
    4-(2-(N,N-Diphenethylamino)ethyl)pyrocatechol oxalate (2:1)
    —— hydron;4-[2-(2-phenylethylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol;bromide —— C16H20BrNO2
    hydron;4-[2-(2-phenylethylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol;bromide
    —— Pyrocatechol, 4-(2-(N-ethylphenethylamino)ethyl)-, oxalate (2:1) 70044-93-8 C38H48N2O8
    Pyrocatechol, 4-(2-(N-ethylphenethylamino)ethyl)-, oxalate (2:1)
    —— Pyrocatechol, 4-(2-(N-benzylphenethylamino)ethyl)-, oxalate (1:1) 70045-15-7 C25H27NO6
    Pyrocatechol, 4-(2-(N-benzylphenethylamino)ethyl)-, oxalate (1:1)
    —— 4-[2-[butyl(2-phenylethyl)amino]ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol;hydron;bromide —— C20H28BrNO2
    4-[2-[butyl(2-phenylethyl)amino]ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol;hydron;bromide
    —— Guaiacol, 4-(2-(phenethylamino)ethyl)-, hydrochloride 70044-81-4 C17H22ClNO2
    Guaiacol, 4-(2-(phenethylamino)ethyl)-, hydrochloride
    —— 4-(3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxy-thiobenzoyl)-morpholine 70733-91-4 C13H17NO4S
    4-(3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxy-thiobenzoyl)-morpholine
    —— 4-Heptyl-3-methyl-benzene-1,2-diol 235085-99-1 C14H22O2
    4-Heptyl-3-methyl-benzene-1,2-diol
    —— (hydroxy-2 dimethoxy-3,4 phenyl) (thienyl-2)methanol 121639-04-1 C13H14O4S
    (hydroxy-2 dimethoxy-3,4 phenyl) (thienyl-2)methanol
    —— 3-Chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl-acetonitrile 81038-47-3 C9H8ClNO2
    3-Chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl-acetonitrile
    —— 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl cyanide 138491-21-1 C10H8F3NO2
    4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl cyanide
    —— 1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)ethanol 71157-66-9 C13H19NO2
    1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)ethanol
    —— 2,4-dimethoxy-3,6-dimethylphenol 53887-75-5 C10H14O3
    2,4-dimethoxy-3,6-dimethylphenol
    —— 2-methoxy-3,6-dimethylhydroquinone 99892-95-2 C9H12O3
    2-methoxy-3,6-dimethylhydroquinone
    —— 2,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-3,6-dimethyl-benzaldehyde 854704-47-5 C10H12O4
    2,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-3,6-dimethyl-benzaldehyde
    —— 2,2'-(1,2-ethanediyldiimino)-3,3'-dimethylbisphenol 332371-58-1 C16H20N2O2
    2,2'-(1,2-ethanediyldiimino)-3,3'-dimethylbisphenol
    —— 2-(1-Cyclohexyl-but-3-enylamino)-3-methyl-phenol 647017-98-9 C17H25NO
    2-(1-Cyclohexyl-but-3-enylamino)-3-methyl-phenol
    —— 2-(1-Isobutyl-but-3-enylamino)-3-methyl-phenol 647017-97-8 C15H23NO
    2-(1-Isobutyl-but-3-enylamino)-3-methyl-phenol
    —— (R)-4-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-3-(2-hydroxy-6-methyl-phenylamino)-thiobutyric acid S-ethyl ester 383418-27-7 C19H33NO3SSi
    (R)-4-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-3-(2-hydroxy-6-methyl-phenylamino)-thiobutyric acid S-ethyl ester
    —— 3-propoxy-pyrocatechol 90673-85-1 C9H12O3
    3-propoxy-pyrocatechol
    —— (R)-S-ethyl 3-((2-hydroxy-6-methylphenyl)amino)-5-methylhexanethioate 299898-21-8 C16H25NO2S
    (R)-S-ethyl 3-((2-hydroxy-6-methylphenyl)amino)-5-methylhexanethioate
    —— (R)-4-(2-(Dimethylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl)-1,2-benzenediol phosphate (1:1) 71595-21-6 C10H18NO7P
    (R)-4-(2-(Dimethylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl)-1,2-benzenediol phosphate (1:1)
    —— 1,3,5-triethyl-2,4,6-tris((3,5-dihydroxybenzylthio)methyl)benzene 943139-51-3 C36H42O6S3
    1,3,5-triethyl-2,4,6-tris((3,5-dihydroxybenzylthio)methyl)benzene
    —— Phenol, 4-((4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)methyl)-2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-, monohydrochloride 72649-53-7 C14H21ClN2O
    Phenol, 4-((4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)methyl)-2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-, monohydrochloride
    —— 2-Ethoxyethylammonium 4-dicyanovinyl-2-iodo-6-methoxyphenoxide 73747-17-8 C15H18IN3O3
    2-Ethoxyethylammonium 4-dicyanovinyl-2-iodo-6-methoxyphenoxide
    —— 2-cyano-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enethioamide 95877-09-1 C11H10N2O2S
    2-cyano-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enethioamide
    —— N-(alpha,3,4-Trihydroxyphenethyl)imidazole hydrochloride 73932-46-4 C11H13ClN2O3
    N-(alpha,3,4-Trihydroxyphenethyl)imidazole hydrochloride
    —— Carbonic acid ethyl ester 2-hydroxy-5-nitro-phenyl ester 36012-71-2 C9H9NO6
    Carbonic acid ethyl ester 2-hydroxy-5-nitro-phenyl ester
    —— 4-(4-bromophenylsulfonyl)-5-chlorobenzene-1,2-diol 91170-68-2 C12H8BrClO4S
    4-(4-bromophenylsulfonyl)-5-chlorobenzene-1,2-diol
    —— 2,6-dihydroxybenzylamine hydrochloride 107694-38-2 C7H9NO2*ClH
    2,6-dihydroxybenzylamine hydrochloride
    —— 4-sec-Butyl-2,6-dinitrophenol 4097-48-7 C10H12N2O5
    4-sec-Butyl-2,6-dinitrophenol
    —— 2-(2-hydroxyphenylimino)-3-amino-4-methyl-4-thiazoline 84589-31-1 C10H11N3OS
    2-(2-hydroxyphenylimino)-3-amino-4-methyl-4-thiazoline
    —— Piperidinium(4-dicyanovinyl-2-iodo-6-methoxyphenoxide) 73986-51-3 C16H18IN3O2
    Piperidinium(4-dicyanovinyl-2-iodo-6-methoxyphenoxide)
    —— N-(2-Hydroxy-6-nitro-phenyl)-2-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-acetamide 840523-19-5 C15H14N2O5
    N-(2-Hydroxy-6-nitro-phenyl)-2-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-acetamide
    —— 2-diacetylamino-3-nitrophenol 131055-87-3 C10H10N2O5
    2-diacetylamino-3-nitrophenol
    —— N-(2'-hydroxy-6'-nitrophenyl)trifluoroacetamide 812646-99-4 C8H5F3N2O4
    N-(2'-hydroxy-6'-nitrophenyl)trifluoroacetamide
    —— 4′-hydroxy-5,5-dimethyl-5,6-dihydro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3(4H)-one 1279063-12-5 C14H16O2
    4′-hydroxy-5,5-dimethyl-5,6-dihydro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3(4H)-one