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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 4-[(2-furylmethyl)sulfanyl]-3-methylcatechol 923267-50-9 C12H12O3S
    4-[(2-furylmethyl)sulfanyl]-3-methylcatechol
    —— 4-(4,5-diphenyl-furan-3-yl)-phenol 54756-51-3 C22H16O2
    4-(4,5-diphenyl-furan-3-yl)-phenol
    —— 3-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-3-methylpentane-2,4-dione 1448898-19-8 C13H16O5
    3-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-3-methylpentane-2,4-dione
    —— 5-chloro-3-methoxycatechol 4085-06-7 C7H7ClO3
    5-chloro-3-methoxycatechol
    —— 2-(4-Benzofuran-2-yl-3-methyl-isoxazol-5-yl)-4-ethyl-5-methoxy-phenol 75960-82-6 C21H19NO4
    2-(4-Benzofuran-2-yl-3-methyl-isoxazol-5-yl)-4-ethyl-5-methoxy-phenol
    —— 2-methoxy-4-(2-octyloxyethyl)phenol 1327337-49-4 C17H28O3
    2-methoxy-4-(2-octyloxyethyl)phenol
    —— 1-tert-butoxy-4-(2-tert-butoxyethyl)-2-methoxybenzene 1286729-19-8 C17H28O3
    1-tert-butoxy-4-(2-tert-butoxyethyl)-2-methoxybenzene
    —— 2-methoxy-4-(2-propyloxyethyl)phenol 1205554-58-0 C12H18O3
    2-methoxy-4-(2-propyloxyethyl)phenol
    —— 2-[3'-methoxy-4'-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)phenyl]ethanol 1044264-49-4 C15H26O3Si
    2-[3'-methoxy-4'-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)phenyl]ethanol
    —— N-(2,4-difluorobenzyl)-N-heptyl-2-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-methoxyphenoxy]acetamide 637763-54-3 C25H33F2NO4
    N-(2,4-difluorobenzyl)-N-heptyl-2-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-methoxyphenoxy]acetamide
    —— 2-methoxy-4-(2-butyloxyethyl)phenol 1205554-70-6 C13H20O3
    2-methoxy-4-(2-butyloxyethyl)phenol
    —— 4-(2-tert-butoxyethyl)-2-methoxyphenol 1286729-20-1 C13H20O3
    4-(2-tert-butoxyethyl)-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylaethanol(TMS)2 56728-06-4 C15H28O3Si2
    3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylaethanol(TMS)2
    —— 2,5-bis(2,3-dihydroxybenzylidene)cyclopentanone 107285-60-9 C19H16O5
    2,5-bis(2,3-dihydroxybenzylidene)cyclopentanone
    —— 2-methoxy-4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenol 155020-75-0 C10H14O3
    2-methoxy-4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenol
    —— 2-methoxy-4-(2-hexyloxyethyl)phenol 1327337-48-3 C15H24O3
    2-methoxy-4-(2-hexyloxyethyl)phenol
    —— Tert-butyl-[4-[2-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxyethyl]-2-methoxyphenoxy]-dimethylsilane 1044264-42-7 C21H40O3Si2
    Tert-butyl-[4-[2-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxyethyl]-2-methoxyphenoxy]-dimethylsilane
    —— 2-methoxy-4-(2-ethoxyethyl)phenol 1205554-47-7 C11H16O3
    2-methoxy-4-(2-ethoxyethyl)phenol
    —— 8-methylnonanoic acid 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl ester 951221-74-2 C19H30O4
    8-methylnonanoic acid 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl ester
    —— Tert-butyl [4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-methoxyphenyl] carbonate 1268492-66-5 C14H20O5
    Tert-butyl [4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-methoxyphenyl] carbonate
    —— 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl methyl carbonate 953422-35-0 C11H14O5
    2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl methyl carbonate
    —— 2-benzyloxy-6-methoxy-hydroquinone 858218-65-2 C14H14O4
    2-benzyloxy-6-methoxy-hydroquinone
    —— 3,4-bis[(2-furylmethyl)sulfanyl]-6-methylcatechol 923267-52-1 C17H16O4S2
    3,4-bis[(2-furylmethyl)sulfanyl]-6-methylcatechol
    —— 3,5-bis[(2-furylmethyl)sulfanyl]-6-methylcatechol 923267-53-2 C17H16O4S2
    3,5-bis[(2-furylmethyl)sulfanyl]-6-methylcatechol
    —— calopin 475503-78-7 C13H16O5
    calopin
    —— 3-(cyclohex-1-en-3-yl)-6-methylbenzene-1,2-diol 1229193-36-5 C13H16O2
    3-(cyclohex-1-en-3-yl)-6-methylbenzene-1,2-diol
    —— (E)-3-acetyl-6-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-hexen-2-one 94956-21-5 C16H20O5
    (E)-3-acetyl-6-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-hexen-2-one
    —— 3-[(2-furylmethyl)sulfanyl]-6-methylcatechol 923267-51-0 C12H12O3S
    3-[(2-furylmethyl)sulfanyl]-6-methylcatechol
    —— Methyl 7-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-oxoheptanoate 118630-92-5 C16H22O6
    Methyl 7-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-oxoheptanoate
    —— 2,6-Dimethoxy-4-[1-((Z)-3-phenyl-allyloxy)-allyl]-phenol 84700-96-9 C20H22O4
    2,6-Dimethoxy-4-[1-((Z)-3-phenyl-allyloxy)-allyl]-phenol
    —— 4-(1-Ethoxy-allyl)-2,6-dimethoxy-phenol 84700-94-7 C13H18O4
    4-(1-Ethoxy-allyl)-2,6-dimethoxy-phenol
    —— 4-(1-Benzyloxy-allyl)-2,6-dimethoxy-phenol 84700-95-8 C18H20O4
    4-(1-Benzyloxy-allyl)-2,6-dimethoxy-phenol
    —— 3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-methylpropanal 1352129-31-7 C12H16O4
    3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-methylpropanal
    —— N,N'-bis(3-hydroxysalicylidene)ethane-1,2-diamine 146559-04-8 C16H16N2O4
    N,N'-bis(3-hydroxysalicylidene)ethane-1,2-diamine
    —— 2,2',3,3'-tetrahydroxybenzaldazine 203194-56-3 C14H12N2O4
    2,2',3,3'-tetrahydroxybenzaldazine
    —— 6-chloro-N-1-(4-methylphenyl)butyllpyrazin-2-amine 708253-68-3 C22H25N3O2
    6-chloro-N-1-(4-methylphenyl)butyllpyrazin-2-amine
    —— 6-bromo-2-fluoro-3-pentyl-phenol 743466-97-9 C11H14BrFO
    6-bromo-2-fluoro-3-pentyl-phenol
    —— 4-[2-Methyl-3-(4-methylphenyl)-3,4-dihydropyrazol-5-yl]benzene-1,3-diol 1453488-26-0 C17H18N2O2
    4-[2-Methyl-3-(4-methylphenyl)-3,4-dihydropyrazol-5-yl]benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 2-(2-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)-2-methyl-3-<i>o</i>-tolyl-thiazolidin-4-one 60161-11-7 C18H19NO2S
    2-(2-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)-2-methyl-3-<i>o</i>-tolyl-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 2-(5-Thiophen-2-yl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-phenol 131557-35-2 C13H12N2OS
    2-(5-Thiophen-2-yl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-phenol
    —— 2,4-Diphenyl-3-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-furan 54756-50-2 C22H16O2
    2,4-Diphenyl-3-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-furan
    —— 3-benzyl-2-(2-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)-2-methyl-thiazolidin-4-one 60121-33-7 C18H19NO2S
    3-benzyl-2-(2-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)-2-methyl-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 3,4-Diphenyl-2-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-furan 54756-49-9 C22H16O2
    3,4-Diphenyl-2-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-furan
    —— Pyrrolidine, 1-(2,6-dimethoxybenzyl)-, picrate 58395-75-8 C19H22N4O9
    Pyrrolidine, 1-(2,6-dimethoxybenzyl)-, picrate
    —— 2-Chloro-4-(2-cyclopropylamino-1-hydroxy-ethyl)-phenol 58498-04-7 C11H14ClNO2
    2-Chloro-4-(2-cyclopropylamino-1-hydroxy-ethyl)-phenol
    —— 4-(4-methyl-4-n-propyl-4-silacyclohexyl)phenol 177787-20-1 C15H24OSi
    4-(4-methyl-4-n-propyl-4-silacyclohexyl)phenol
    —— N-dimethylaminomethylene-2-hydroxy-4-nitro-benzenesulfonamide 936920-31-9 C9H11N3O5S
    N-dimethylaminomethylene-2-hydroxy-4-nitro-benzenesulfonamide
    —— 3-butyl-2-(2-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)-2-methyl-thiazolidin-4-one 60121-34-8 C15H21NO2S
    3-butyl-2-(2-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)-2-methyl-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (+/-)-1-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)-4-(3-pyridyl)-2-butanol 192376-95-7 C15H17NO3
    (+/-)-1-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)-4-(3-pyridyl)-2-butanol
    —— 3-cyclohexyl-2-(2-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)-2-methyl-thiazolidin-4-one 60161-10-6 C17H23NO2S
    3-cyclohexyl-2-(2-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)-2-methyl-thiazolidin-4-one