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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 1-(5-(3-amino-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydropyrazol-1-yl)ethanone 1472645-97-8 C18H18FN3O3
    1-(5-(3-amino-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydropyrazol-1-yl)ethanone
    —— diethyl 2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl phosphonate 83110-01-4 C11H17O4P
    diethyl 2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl phosphonate
    —— 1-(5-(3-amino-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-3-(2-bromophenyl)-4,5-dihydropyrazol-1-yl)ethanone 1472645-98-9 C18H18BrN3O3
    1-(5-(3-amino-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-3-(2-bromophenyl)-4,5-dihydropyrazol-1-yl)ethanone
    —— 2-(2,2-bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)ethyl)-6-bromo-4-methylphenol 1360543-99-2 C11H9BrF6O5S2
    2-(2,2-bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)ethyl)-6-bromo-4-methylphenol
    —— N-phenethyl-N-propyl-3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine hydrochloride 63925-50-8 C19H25NO2*ClH
    N-phenethyl-N-propyl-3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine hydrochloride
    —— (E)-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)acetaldehyde oxime 1438253-42-9 C8H9NO2
    (E)-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)acetaldehyde oxime
    —— 2-allyloxyimino-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid 66340-61-2 C11H11NO4
    2-allyloxyimino-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid
    —— N-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenethyl)acrylamide 1260376-38-2 C11H11Br2NO2
    N-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenethyl)acrylamide
    —— 4-Pentyl-o-cresol 23595-48-4 C12H18O
    4-Pentyl-o-cresol
    —— 4-Pentyl-m-cresol 23595-49-5 C12H18O
    4-Pentyl-m-cresol
    —— Phenol, butyltetrachloro- 64059-31-0 C10H10Cl4O
    Phenol, butyltetrachloro-
    —— 3-[1-(5-chloro-2-hydroxy-benzyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-propionic acid methyl ester 1354060-48-2 C15H17ClN2O3
    3-[1-(5-chloro-2-hydroxy-benzyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-propionic acid methyl ester
    —— 2-aminomethyl-4-nitro-phenol; hydrochloride 113186-97-3 C7H8N2O3*ClH
    2-aminomethyl-4-nitro-phenol; hydrochloride
    —— 4-(2-Hydroxy-3-nitrobenzoyl)morpholine-3-carboxylic acid 473730-81-3 C12H12N2O7
    4-(2-Hydroxy-3-nitrobenzoyl)morpholine-3-carboxylic acid
    —— Morpholine, 4-(3,4-dimethoxy-5-hydroxybenzoyl)- 65133-72-4 C13H17NO5
    Morpholine, 4-(3,4-dimethoxy-5-hydroxybenzoyl)-
    —— [Difluoro-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-methyl]-phosphonic acid diethyl ester 181188-33-0 C11H15F2O4P
    [Difluoro-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-methyl]-phosphonic acid diethyl ester
    —— 2-bromo-4-(3-hydroxy-4-methylpentyl)phenol 360578-02-5 C12H17BrO2
    2-bromo-4-(3-hydroxy-4-methylpentyl)phenol
    —— 2-bromo-4-(3-hydroxy-5-methylhexyl)phenol 360578-03-6 C13H19BrO2
    2-bromo-4-(3-hydroxy-5-methylhexyl)phenol
    —— 1-acetyl-4-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine 94427-36-8 C13H15NO3
    1-acetyl-4-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
    —— 1-acetyl-4-(3'-methoxy-4'-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine 94427-34-6 C14H17NO3
    1-acetyl-4-(3'-methoxy-4'-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
    —— 4-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine hydrochloride 94427-37-9 C11H13NO2*ClH
    4-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine hydrochloride
    —— 1-formyl-4-(3'-methoxy-4'-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine 94427-35-7 C13H15NO3
    1-formyl-4-(3'-methoxy-4'-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
    —— 5-[4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)butyl]-2,4-oxazolidinedione 178611-00-2 C14H17NO5
    5-[4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)butyl]-2,4-oxazolidinedione
    —— 4,5,6-Tribrom-3-methyl-pyrocatechol 39064-84-1 C7H5Br3O2
    4,5,6-Tribrom-3-methyl-pyrocatechol
    —— 6,7,10-Trimethyl-5,9-imino-4,5,8,9-tetrahydro-cycloocta(b)-thiophenpicrat [German] 67061-93-2 C19H20N4O7S
    6,7,10-Trimethyl-5,9-imino-4,5,8,9-tetrahydro-cycloocta(b)-thiophenpicrat [German]
    —— 2-Bromo-5-methoxy-3-methoxymethoxy-phenol 121980-56-1 C9H11BrO4
    2-Bromo-5-methoxy-3-methoxymethoxy-phenol
    —— 5-(3-bromo-4-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-(6-methylpyridine-3-yl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2,4-dione 1379032-10-6 C16H11BrN2O4
    5-(3-bromo-4-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-(6-methylpyridine-3-yl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2,4-dione
    —— 5-(3-bromo-4-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-(4-methylphenyl)-2-thioxo-1,3-oxazolidin-4-one 1275574-98-5 C17H12BrNO3S
    5-(3-bromo-4-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-(4-methylphenyl)-2-thioxo-1,3-oxazolidin-4-one
    —— 5-(3-bromo-4-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-(pyridine-2-yl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2,4-dione 1379032-06-0 C15H9BrN2O4
    5-(3-bromo-4-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-(pyridine-2-yl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2,4-dione
    —— 5-(3-bromo-4-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-(pyridine-3-yl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2,4-dione 1379032-07-1 C15H9BrN2O4
    5-(3-bromo-4-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-(pyridine-3-yl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2,4-dione
    —— 7,10-Dimethyl-5,9-imino-4,5,8,9-tetrahydrocyclooct(b)thiophene picrate 67061-91-0 C18H18N4O7S
    7,10-Dimethyl-5,9-imino-4,5,8,9-tetrahydrocyclooct(b)thiophene picrate
    —— 4-(4-Hydroxy-2,6-dimethylphenyl)butanoic acid 60995-64-4 C12H16O3
    4-(4-Hydroxy-2,6-dimethylphenyl)butanoic acid
    —— 4,4'-(Tetradecane-1,14-diyl)diphenol 115914-44-8 C26H38O2
    4,4'-(Tetradecane-1,14-diyl)diphenol
    —— 1,10-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)decane 3682-97-1 C22H30O2
    1,10-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)decane
    —— 4-(2-Hydroxy-4,6-dimethylphenyl)butansaeure 71862-20-9 C12H16O3
    4-(2-Hydroxy-4,6-dimethylphenyl)butansaeure
    —— 3,5-diheptadecylcatechol 1376682-02-8 C40H74O2
    3,5-diheptadecylcatechol
    —— 2-methoxy-4-({2-[4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]hydrazinylidene}methyl)-phenol 618065-09-1 C18H17N3O3S
    2-methoxy-4-({2-[4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]hydrazinylidene}methyl)-phenol
    —— 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylhydroxylamine 201931-69-3 C8H11NO3
    4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylhydroxylamine
    —— 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-<i>cis</i>-propenyl-benzaldehyde 5438-52-8 C11H12O3
    4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-<i>cis</i>-propenyl-benzaldehyde
    —— 4-((3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydroisoxazol-5-yl)methoxy)benzaldehyde 1352954-65-4 C18H17NO5
    4-((3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydroisoxazol-5-yl)methoxy)benzaldehyde
    —— hexadecyl-N-hydroxy(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)carbamate 1400943-39-6 C25H43NO5
    hexadecyl-N-hydroxy(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)carbamate
    —— 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzonitrile N-oxide 1186630-50-1 C8H7NO3
    4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzonitrile N-oxide
    —— 2-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)hydrazine-1-carboxamide 120445-66-1 C9H11N3O3
    2-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)hydrazine-1-carboxamide
    —— methyl-α-methoxy-dihydroferulate 477980-70-4 C12H16O5
    methyl-α-methoxy-dihydroferulate
    —— 3-hydroxy-2,6-dinitro-benzaldehyde 754961-03-0 C7H4N2O6
    3-hydroxy-2,6-dinitro-benzaldehyde
    —— 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)butan-1,4-diol 1426433-78-4 C11H16O4
    1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)butan-1,4-diol
    —— 4-[1,3-Bis-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-propyl]-2-methoxy-phenol 217454-08-5 C22H42O4Si2
    4-[1,3-Bis-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-propyl]-2-methoxy-phenol
    —— 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)-γ-butyrolactone 84755-40-8 C12H14O4
    3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)-γ-butyrolactone
    —— 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4-methyl-3-pentanone 452528-73-3 C13H18O3
    1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4-methyl-3-pentanone
    —— 2-methoxy-4-(3-pyridylmethyl)phenol 85666-37-1 C13H13NO2
    2-methoxy-4-(3-pyridylmethyl)phenol