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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 5-(3-bromo-4-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-phenyl-2-thioxo-1,3-oxazolidin-4-one 1275574-84-9 C16H10BrNO3S
    5-(3-bromo-4-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-phenyl-2-thioxo-1,3-oxazolidin-4-one
    —— 2-(2-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)-2-methyl-3-<i>m</i>-tolyl-thiazolidin-4-one 60121-32-6 C18H19NO2S
    2-(2-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)-2-methyl-3-<i>m</i>-tolyl-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 3-(2-chloro-phenyl)-2-(2-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)-2-methyl-thiazolidin-4-one 60158-82-9 C17H16ClNO2S
    3-(2-chloro-phenyl)-2-(2-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)-2-methyl-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 4-Hydroxy-5-methoxy-2-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-benzaldehyde 499217-06-0 C14H19BO5
    4-Hydroxy-5-methoxy-2-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-benzaldehyde
    —— 2-methyl-4-{[4-(4-pyridinyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]amino}phenol 1187668-77-4 C15H13N3OS
    2-methyl-4-{[4-(4-pyridinyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]amino}phenol
    —— 4-chloro-2-fluoro-6-iodophenol 1192815-08-9 C6H3ClFIO
    4-chloro-2-fluoro-6-iodophenol
    —— 4-allyl-5-bromo-2-methoxyphenol 5746-38-3 C10H11BrO2
    4-allyl-5-bromo-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 5-[2-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-3,4-dimethoxy-6-methyl-phenylethynyl]-2-methoxy-phenol 192809-53-3 C24H32O5Si
    5-[2-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-3,4-dimethoxy-6-methyl-phenylethynyl]-2-methoxy-phenol
    —— 3-bromo-6-methoxy-2-(2-methylallyl)phenol 185406-75-1 C11H13BrO2
    3-bromo-6-methoxy-2-(2-methylallyl)phenol
    —— Phenol, 5-butyl-2-methoxy- 134319-00-9 C11H16O2
    Phenol, 5-butyl-2-methoxy-
    —— 3-bromo-2-cyclopent-1-enylmethyl-6-methoxyphenol 185244-56-8 C13H15BrO2
    3-bromo-2-cyclopent-1-enylmethyl-6-methoxyphenol
    —— Sylvopinolmonoacetat 30891-30-6 C10H12O4
    Sylvopinolmonoacetat
    —— 2,4-dibromo-5-chloro-6-methoxyphenol 602326-16-9 C7H5Br2ClO2
    2,4-dibromo-5-chloro-6-methoxyphenol
    —— 4,4'-(thiene-2,3-diyl)diphenol 1078733-93-3 C16H12O2S
    4,4'-(thiene-2,3-diyl)diphenol
    —— 4-(1-hydroxycyclobutyl)phenol 1234665-22-5 C10H12O2
    4-(1-hydroxycyclobutyl)phenol
    —— methyl (E)-2-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)hydrazine-1-carboxylate 89005-64-1 C9H10N2O3
    methyl (E)-2-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)hydrazine-1-carboxylate
    —— (5Z)-5-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-oxazolidin-4-one 1181081-66-2 C10H7NO3S
    (5Z)-5-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-oxazolidin-4-one
    —— 1,11-bis(5-cyano-2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4,8-dioxaundecane 491610-81-2 C23H26N2O6
    1,11-bis(5-cyano-2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4,8-dioxaundecane
    —— 2-tert.-Butyl-6-methyl-4-methoxy-phenol 26307-56-2 C12H18O2
    2-tert.-Butyl-6-methyl-4-methoxy-phenol
    —— 2-methoxy-5-hydroxyphenylacetic acid 81720-88-9 C9H10O4
    2-methoxy-5-hydroxyphenylacetic acid
    —— (+/-)-4-Hydroxy-3-methylsulfonylmethyl-1-<2-(tert.-butylamino)-1-hydroxy-aethyl>-benzol 753392-49-3 C14H23NO4S
    (+/-)-4-Hydroxy-3-methylsulfonylmethyl-1-<2-(tert.-butylamino)-1-hydroxy-aethyl>-benzol
    —— Metoprolol hydrochloride 56392-18-8 C15H26ClNO3
    Metoprolol hydrochloride
    —— 1-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-5-hydroxyphenyl)-5-fluoro-2-methoxy-4-pentafluoroethyl-6(1H)-pyrimidinone 115784-72-0 C13H6ClF7N2O3
    1-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-5-hydroxyphenyl)-5-fluoro-2-methoxy-4-pentafluoroethyl-6(1H)-pyrimidinone
    —— (E)-(N)-(4-hydroxy benzoic acid)-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)benzohydrazide 1443524-66-0 C16H16N2O3
    (E)-(N)-(4-hydroxy benzoic acid)-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)benzohydrazide
    —— N-(3-hydroxy-benzyl)-methanesulfonamide 210113-89-6 C8H11NO3S
    N-(3-hydroxy-benzyl)-methanesulfonamide
    —— 4-bromo-2-((4-methylpyridin-2-ylimino)methyl)phenol 297149-06-5 C13H11BrN2O
    4-bromo-2-((4-methylpyridin-2-ylimino)methyl)phenol
    —— 4-(4-Hydroxy-benzyliden)-1-phenyl-pyrazolidin-dion-3.5 4590-84-5 C16H12N2O3
    4-(4-Hydroxy-benzyliden)-1-phenyl-pyrazolidin-dion-3.5
    —— 3-ethyl-2,6-dimethylphenol 66142-76-5 C10H14O
    3-ethyl-2,6-dimethylphenol
    —— 2,6-diiodo-3-methoxy-5-(2-nitrobenzyloxy)phenol 139220-56-7 C14H11I2NO5
    2,6-diiodo-3-methoxy-5-(2-nitrobenzyloxy)phenol
    —— 1-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-(2-nitrobenzyloxy)benzene 140410-27-1 C14H13NO5
    1-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-(2-nitrobenzyloxy)benzene
    —— 4-(2-Acetoxy-ethyl)-resorcindimethylether 13372-46-8 C12H16O4
    4-(2-Acetoxy-ethyl)-resorcindimethylether
    —— N-Methyl-N-butyldopamine hydrochloride 57464-70-7 C13H22ClNO2
    N-Methyl-N-butyldopamine hydrochloride
    —— 4-(tert-butyldimethylsilanyloxy)-3-fluoro-5-methoxyphenol 1470110-70-3 C13H21FO3Si
    4-(tert-butyldimethylsilanyloxy)-3-fluoro-5-methoxyphenol
    —— 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-5-fluorobenzyl cyanide 104716-74-7 C9H8FNO2
    3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-5-fluorobenzyl cyanide
    —— 4-[2-[butyl(propyl)amino]ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol;hydron;chloride —— C15H26ClNO2
    4-[2-[butyl(propyl)amino]ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol;hydron;chloride
    —— Pyrocatechol, 4-(2-(methylpropylamino)ethyl)-, hydrochloride 57464-69-4 C12H20ClNO2
    Pyrocatechol, 4-(2-(methylpropylamino)ethyl)-, hydrochloride
    —— 2,3,5-trimethyl-6-nitro-benzene-1,4-diol 145998-03-4 C9H11NO4
    2,3,5-trimethyl-6-nitro-benzene-1,4-diol
    —— Sodium;2-butan-2-yl-4,6-dinitrophenolate —— C10H11N2NaO5
    Sodium;2-butan-2-yl-4,6-dinitrophenolate
    —— 4-((E)-3-Hydroxy-4,4-dimethyl-pent-1-enyl)-2-methoxy-phenol 58344-42-6 C14H20O3
    4-((E)-3-Hydroxy-4,4-dimethyl-pent-1-enyl)-2-methoxy-phenol
    —— [(3,5-Dinitro-2-oxidophenyl)-oxoazaniumyl]oxy-[(3,5-dinitro-4-oxidophenyl)-oxoazaniumyl]oxylead —— C12H4N6O14Pb
    [(3,5-Dinitro-2-oxidophenyl)-oxoazaniumyl]oxy-[(3,5-dinitro-4-oxidophenyl)-oxoazaniumyl]oxylead
    —— 5,5'-dinitro-2,2'-sulfonyl-di-phenol 873394-71-9 C12H8N2O8S
    5,5'-dinitro-2,2'-sulfonyl-di-phenol
    —— 11-(2-hydroxy-3,4-dimethoxy-6-methylphenyl)-2-methylundecan-2-ol 107228-82-0 C21H36O4
    11-(2-hydroxy-3,4-dimethoxy-6-methylphenyl)-2-methylundecan-2-ol
    —— N-(5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)pyridin-4-amine 15789-74-9 C12H9BrN2O
    N-(5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)pyridin-4-amine
    —— 1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-nitro-ethanone O-methyl-oxime 208711-50-6 C9H10N2O4
    1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-nitro-ethanone O-methyl-oxime
    —— 3-[2,2-difluoro-4-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-3-aza-1-azonia-2-boranuidatricyclo[7.3.0.03,7]dodeca-1(12),4,6,8,10-pentaen-8-yl]phenol 1323954-86-4 C19H14BF2N3O
    3-[2,2-difluoro-4-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-3-aza-1-azonia-2-boranuidatricyclo[7.3.0.03,7]dodeca-1(12),4,6,8,10-pentaen-8-yl]phenol
    —— 3-cyano-2,5,6-trimethylphenol 876389-24-1 C10H11NO
    3-cyano-2,5,6-trimethylphenol
    —— Difluoropicric acid 78925-58-3 C6HF2N3O7
    Difluoropicric acid
    —— (3-hydroxy-phenyl)-piperidin-1-yl-methanethione 119540-64-6 C12H15NOS
    (3-hydroxy-phenyl)-piperidin-1-yl-methanethione
    —— 3-Hydroxy-thiobenzoesaeure-hydrazid 92349-33-2 C7H8N2OS
    3-Hydroxy-thiobenzoesaeure-hydrazid
    —— 3,5-dimethyl-2-aminophenol hydrochloride 126910-02-9 C8H11NO*ClH
    3,5-dimethyl-2-aminophenol hydrochloride