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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— methyl 2-(3-hydroxy-5-methoxy-2-propylphenyl)acetate 1290605-58-1 C13H18O4
    methyl 2-(3-hydroxy-5-methoxy-2-propylphenyl)acetate
    —— 2-(3-Hydroxy-5-methoxy-2-propylphenyl)acetic acid 248595-42-8 C12H16O4
    2-(3-Hydroxy-5-methoxy-2-propylphenyl)acetic acid
    —— 2,6-Dinitro-4-(1-propylpentyl)-phenol 6465-63-0 C14H20N2O5
    2,6-Dinitro-4-(1-propylpentyl)-phenol
    —— (4-Chloro-3-hydroxyphenyl) acetic acid methyl ester 672931-86-1 C9H9ClO3
    (4-Chloro-3-hydroxyphenyl) acetic acid methyl ester
    —— 1-[3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-5-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydropyrazol-2-yl]ethanone 1428324-91-7 C17H16N2O4
    1-[3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-5-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydropyrazol-2-yl]ethanone
    —— cyclopentyl(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid 941867-97-6 C13H16O3
    cyclopentyl(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid
    —— (D)-(-)-N-methanesulfonyl-homotyrosinol 780820-76-0 C11H17NO4S
    (D)-(-)-N-methanesulfonyl-homotyrosinol
    —— 2-((2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophene-3-carbonitrile 69438-33-1 C16H14N2OS
    2-((2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophene-3-carbonitrile
    —— phenol-DMF complex 40897-63-0 C3H7NO*C6H6O
    phenol-DMF complex
    —— phenol-cyclohexanone complex 4264-62-4 C6H6O*C6H10O
    phenol-cyclohexanone complex
    —— phenol-thiophene 56484-03-8 C4H4S*C6H6O
    phenol-thiophene
    —— 2-hydroxy-6-methoxyphenylphosphonic acid 136829-81-7 C7H9O5P
    2-hydroxy-6-methoxyphenylphosphonic acid
    —— (R)-1-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzoyl)-3-hydroxy-2-pyrrolidinone 84367-15-7 C12H13NO5
    (R)-1-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzoyl)-3-hydroxy-2-pyrrolidinone
    —— 18,19-seco-apicularen A 313644-61-0 C18H22O5
    18,19-seco-apicularen A
    —— 1-[5-(3,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydropyrazol-2-yl]ethanone 1428324-96-2 C17H16N2O4
    1-[5-(3,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydropyrazol-2-yl]ethanone
    —— 1-[3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydropyrazol-2-yl]ethanone 1428324-89-3 C17H16N2O3
    1-[3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydropyrazol-2-yl]ethanone
    —— 3'-(4'''-bromophenyl)-2'Z-propenyl 3-(3''-hydroxy-4''-methoxyphenyl)propanoate 1146133-45-0 C19H19BrO4
    3'-(4'''-bromophenyl)-2'Z-propenyl 3-(3''-hydroxy-4''-methoxyphenyl)propanoate
    —— 1-(3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1Hpyrazol-1-yl) ethan-1-one 1428324-92-8 C17H16N2O3
    1-(3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1Hpyrazol-1-yl) ethan-1-one
    —— o-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)phenol 143700-87-2 C12H16O
    o-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)phenol
    —— 5-Methyl-2-(5-methylhex-4-enyl)phenol 1262789-20-7 C14H20O
    5-Methyl-2-(5-methylhex-4-enyl)phenol
    —— 2-methoxy-5-(3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)isoxazol-5-yl)phenol 832125-79-8 C19H19NO6
    2-methoxy-5-(3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)isoxazol-5-yl)phenol
    —— 4-bromo-2-[3-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]phenol 1049117-65-8 C15H12BrClN2O
    4-bromo-2-[3-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]phenol
    —— 1-(5-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(p-chlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1-pyrazolyl)ethanone 126985-04-4 C17H14BrClN2O2
    1-(5-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(p-chlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1-pyrazolyl)ethanone
    —— 1-[5-(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)-3,4-dihydropyrazol-2-yl]ethanone 1428324-86-0 C17H15N3O6
    1-[5-(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)-3,4-dihydropyrazol-2-yl]ethanone
    —— N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone+phenol 1200-37-9 C5H9NO*C6H6O
    N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone+phenol
    —— 4-(3-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)-4-oxo-2-butenoic acid 93367-77-2 C10H7NO6
    4-(3-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)-4-oxo-2-butenoic acid
    —— 2.3.5.6-Tetrahydroxytoluol 700-19-6 C7H8O4
    2.3.5.6-Tetrahydroxytoluol
    —— JC012 1257404-73-1 C16H26N2O2
    JC012
    —— 3-(ditert-butylphosphinomethyl)phenol 646069-73-0 C15H25OP
    3-(ditert-butylphosphinomethyl)phenol
    —— 2-(3-bromopropyl)phenol 57027-76-6 C9H11BrO
    2-(3-bromopropyl)phenol
    —— 1-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoyl)-3-hydroxy-2-pyrrolidinone 84264-71-1 C12H13NO5
    1-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoyl)-3-hydroxy-2-pyrrolidinone
    —— 3-(7,8,9-Trihydro-pyranno(2,3-g)indolyl)-N,N-dimethylmethylamine picrate [French] 83868-31-9 C6H3N3O7*C14H18N2O
    3-(7,8,9-Trihydro-pyranno(2,3-g)indolyl)-N,N-dimethylmethylamine picrate [French]
    —— Phenol, 2-(4,5-dihydro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)- 86002-62-2 C16H16N2O
    Phenol, 2-(4,5-dihydro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-
    —— 1-Oxaspiro(4.5)dec-3-en-2-one, 4-(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxybenzoyl)-3-methyl- 86560-14-7 C19H22O4
    1-Oxaspiro(4.5)dec-3-en-2-one, 4-(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxybenzoyl)-3-methyl-
    —— 4-(3-Methyl-1,2,4-triazolo(4,3-b)(1,2,4)triazin-7-yl)phenol 86870-03-3 C11H9N5O
    4-(3-Methyl-1,2,4-triazolo(4,3-b)(1,2,4)triazin-7-yl)phenol
    —— N-(4-hydroxyphenethyl)-5-chloro-1-methyl-4-imidazolesulfonamide 137048-71-6 C12H14ClN3O3S
    N-(4-hydroxyphenethyl)-5-chloro-1-methyl-4-imidazolesulfonamide
    —— Oxiraneoctanamide, N-((4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl)-3-octyl-, trans-(+-)- 150988-86-6 C26H43NO4
    Oxiraneoctanamide, N-((4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl)-3-octyl-, trans-(+-)-
    —— Oxiraneoctanamide, N-((4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl)-3-octyl-, cis-(+-)- 150988-85-5 C26H43NO4
    Oxiraneoctanamide, N-((4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl)-3-octyl-, cis-(+-)-
    —— 2-hydroxy-3-(1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)-benzenecarboximidamide 164334-83-2 C11H12N4O
    2-hydroxy-3-(1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)-benzenecarboximidamide
    —— 2-hydroxy-3-(1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)-N-methyl-benzenecarboximidamide 164334-84-3 C12H14N4O
    2-hydroxy-3-(1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)-N-methyl-benzenecarboximidamide
    —— (+)-2-hydroxy-3-[1-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethyl]-benzenecarboximidamide 164334-95-6 C12H14N4O
    (+)-2-hydroxy-3-[1-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethyl]-benzenecarboximidamide
    —— 2-hydroxy-3-(1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)-N-(1-methylethyl)-benzenecarboximidamide 164334-96-7 C14H18N4O
    2-hydroxy-3-(1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)-N-(1-methylethyl)-benzenecarboximidamide
    —— 4,4'-((6,12-Diphenyldibenzo(b,f)(1,5)diazocine-2,8-diyl)bis(nitrilomethylidyne))bisphenol 130189-66-1 C40H28N4O2
    4,4'-((6,12-Diphenyldibenzo(b,f)(1,5)diazocine-2,8-diyl)bis(nitrilomethylidyne))bisphenol
    —— 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-[2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy]ethanol hydrochloride —— C12H19NO3*ClH
    1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-[2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy]ethanol hydrochloride
    —— [Bis-(4-chloro-phenyl)-phosphinoyl]-acetic acid [1-(2,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-hydrazide 135689-11-1 C21H17Cl2N2O4P
    [Bis-(4-chloro-phenyl)-phosphinoyl]-acetic acid [1-(2,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-hydrazide
    —— 4H,5H-(1)Benzothiopyrano(4,3-b)pyran-3-carbonitrile, 2-amino-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-, 6,6-dioxide 135521-76-5 C20H16N2O4S
    4H,5H-(1)Benzothiopyrano(4,3-b)pyran-3-carbonitrile, 2-amino-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-, 6,6-dioxide
    —— 2,4-Diamino-5-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-benzyl)-pyrimidine-hydrobromide 122439-97-8 BrH*C12H14N4O2
    2,4-Diamino-5-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-benzyl)-pyrimidine-hydrobromide
    —— 3-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-isoxazolin-5-ylphosphonic acid 125674-88-6 C9H10NO5P
    3-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-isoxazolin-5-ylphosphonic acid
    —— 4-Chloro-6-[(3-hydroxypropylamino)methylidene]cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one 189317-27-9 C10H12ClNO2
    4-Chloro-6-[(3-hydroxypropylamino)methylidene]cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one
    —— 3-((1S,2R)-2-Dipropylamino-cyclopropyl)-phenol 111001-17-3 C15H23NO
    3-((1S,2R)-2-Dipropylamino-cyclopropyl)-phenol