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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (R)-HOC6H4(CH(Me)NMe2)-2 849406-90-2 C10H15NO
    (R)-HOC6H4(CH(Me)NMe2)-2
    —— N'-[2-(2-aminoethylamino)ethyl]ethane-1,2-diamine;2-methylphenol 99375-96-9 C13H26N4O
    N'-[2-(2-aminoethylamino)ethyl]ethane-1,2-diamine;2-methylphenol
    —— 4-(5-Chloro-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-5,6-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-2H-[1,2,4]triazin-3-one 113947-22-1 C11H12ClN3O2
    4-(5-Chloro-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-5,6-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-2H-[1,2,4]triazin-3-one
    —— tert-Butylamine, N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)-, N-oxide, picrate 100482-72-2 C14H20Cl2N4O8
    tert-Butylamine, N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)-, N-oxide, picrate
    —— 4-(2-bromoethyl)-3-chlorophenol 220129-64-6 C8H8BrClO
    4-(2-bromoethyl)-3-chlorophenol
    —— N-Heptyl-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzamide 100079-23-0 C14H21NO4
    N-Heptyl-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzamide
    —— 2-Amino-4,6-dibromophenol hydrochloride 100707-43-5 C6H6Br2ClNO
    2-Amino-4,6-dibromophenol hydrochloride
    —— 1-[(3-{4-Hydroxy-3,5-bis[(125i)iodo]phenyl}propanoyl)oxy]pyrrolidine-2,5-dione 110972-54-8 C13H11I2NO5
    1-[(3-{4-Hydroxy-3,5-bis[(125i)iodo]phenyl}propanoyl)oxy]pyrrolidine-2,5-dione
    —— Phenol, 2-methoxy-4-((2-oxazolin-2-yl)amino)methyl- 101952-91-4 C11H14N2O3
    Phenol, 2-methoxy-4-((2-oxazolin-2-yl)amino)methyl-
    —— 1,5-Pentanediamine, N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)-N',N'-diethyl-, N,N'-dioxide, dipicrate, monohydrate 101931-54-8 C25H34Cl2N8O16
    1,5-Pentanediamine, N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)-N',N'-diethyl-, N,N'-dioxide, dipicrate, monohydrate
    —— 3-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-propionaldehyde oxime 170467-05-7 C9H11NO2
    3-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-propionaldehyde oxime
    —— 3-{[(1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)methyl]amino}-4-methylphenol 1005788-07-7 C13H17N3O
    3-{[(1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)methyl]amino}-4-methylphenol
    —— N-Vanillylcyclopentanepropionamide 102128-90-5 C16H23NO3
    N-Vanillylcyclopentanepropionamide
    —— (+)-2-(1-hydroxy-2-methylamino-ethyl)-phenol 575-81-5 C9H13NO2
    (+)-2-(1-hydroxy-2-methylamino-ethyl)-phenol
    —— 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl] benzaldehyde 741252-19-7 C14H20N2O3
    4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl] benzaldehyde
    —— 4-(2,3,4-Trihydroxyphenyl)butanoic acid 1228675-80-6 C10H12O5
    4-(2,3,4-Trihydroxyphenyl)butanoic acid
    —— KWD 2025 —— BrH*C12H17NO3
    KWD 2025
    —— (4aS,11bS)-2,3,4,4a,5,6,7,11b-Octahydro-1-oxa-4-aza-dibenzo[a,c]cyclohepten-9-ol; hydrochloride —— C13H17NO2*ClH
    (4aS,11bS)-2,3,4,4a,5,6,7,11b-Octahydro-1-oxa-4-aza-dibenzo[a,c]cyclohepten-9-ol; hydrochloride
    —— N-[5-(2,5-Dihydroxy-phenyl)-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl]-benzamide 220042-07-9 C15H11N3O3S
    N-[5-(2,5-Dihydroxy-phenyl)-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl]-benzamide
    —— 1-(chloroacetyl)-3-(2-thienyl)-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-pyrazoline 869731-54-4 C15H13ClN2O2S
    1-(chloroacetyl)-3-(2-thienyl)-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-pyrazoline
    —— ethyl 3,4-dimethyl-5-hydroxyphenylacetate 765302-63-4 C12H16O3
    ethyl 3,4-dimethyl-5-hydroxyphenylacetate
    —— 1-[5-(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydropyrazol-2-yl]ethanone 1428324-84-8 C17H16N2O5
    1-[5-(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydropyrazol-2-yl]ethanone
    —— 4-(difluoromethoxy)-2-aminophenol 1134197-99-1 C7H7F2NO2
    4-(difluoromethoxy)-2-aminophenol
    —— 4,6-Bis-[(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-amino]-benzene-1,3-diol 908587-03-1 C18H18N4O2
    4,6-Bis-[(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-amino]-benzene-1,3-diol
    —— ethyl 3-(2-ethoxy-5-hydroxyphenyl)propionate 441356-33-8 C13H18O4
    ethyl 3-(2-ethoxy-5-hydroxyphenyl)propionate
    —— 5-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene) thiazolidine-2, 4-dione 184840-76-4 C11H9NO4S
    5-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene) thiazolidine-2, 4-dione
    —— 2,3,5,6-Tetrakis-(β-chlor-ethylmercapto)-hydrochinon 19988-92-2 C14H18Cl4O2S4
    2,3,5,6-Tetrakis-(β-chlor-ethylmercapto)-hydrochinon
    —— sodium;2-(2-sulfooxyethyliminomethyl)phenolate 110925-66-1 C9H10NO5S*Na
    sodium;2-(2-sulfooxyethyliminomethyl)phenolate
    —— 1-acetyl-3-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-(3-methylphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-(1H)-pyrazole 367488-27-5 C18H18N2O3
    1-acetyl-3-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-(3-methylphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-(1H)-pyrazole
    —— 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1-morpholinopropan-1-one 262272-01-5 C13H17NO3
    3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1-morpholinopropan-1-one
    —— 2-ethyl-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3-dioxolane 92071-60-8 C11H14O3
    2-ethyl-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3-dioxolane
    —— 2-Chloro-5-[(6-methoxypyridazin-3-yl)methyl]phenol 770719-30-7 C12H11ClN2O2
    2-Chloro-5-[(6-methoxypyridazin-3-yl)methyl]phenol
    —— N-phenyl-α-(3-hydroxyphenyl)nitrone 19865-56-6 C13H11NO2
    N-phenyl-α-(3-hydroxyphenyl)nitrone
    —— 4-(3-Benzyloxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-6-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxy-phenyl)-2,3a,4,5-tetrahydro-indazol-3-one 111570-65-1 C29H28N2O6
    4-(3-Benzyloxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-6-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxy-phenyl)-2,3a,4,5-tetrahydro-indazol-3-one
    —— 1-(2-ethyl-6-isopropylphenyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)urea 1202526-47-3 C18H21N3O4
    1-(2-ethyl-6-isopropylphenyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)urea
    —— 1-[3-(4-Hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)-5-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydropyrazol-2-yl]ethanone 1428324-94-0 C18H18N2O4
    1-[3-(4-Hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)-5-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydropyrazol-2-yl]ethanone
    —— 1-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)-3-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)urea 1202526-34-8 C13H8F3N3O4
    1-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)-3-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)urea
    —— 1-(5-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)ethanone 1428324-87-1 C17H16N2O4
    1-(5-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)ethanone
    —— 2-(4-Hydroxy-phenoxy)-aethylhydrazin 60573-92-4 C8H12N2O2
    2-(4-Hydroxy-phenoxy)-aethylhydrazin
    —— 4-[6-(2-Chloro-4-hydroxy-phenoxy)-hexyl]-heptane-3,5-dione 62489-55-8 C19H27ClO4
    4-[6-(2-Chloro-4-hydroxy-phenoxy)-hexyl]-heptane-3,5-dione
    —— 3,5,6-trichloro-benzene-1,2,4-triol 56961-22-9 C6H3Cl3O3
    3,5,6-trichloro-benzene-1,2,4-triol
    —— 3-methoxy-2-(2-methyl-2-propenyloxy)phenol 917224-10-3 C11H14O3
    3-methoxy-2-(2-methyl-2-propenyloxy)phenol
    —— 2-methoxy-6-(2-methyl-2-propenyloxy)phenol 917224-11-4 C11H14O3
    2-methoxy-6-(2-methyl-2-propenyloxy)phenol
    —— ethyl (3,4,5-trifluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)acetate 1363149-38-5 C10H9F3O3
    ethyl (3,4,5-trifluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)acetate
    —— Phenol, 3-(1-ethyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-3-pyridinyl)- 83010-52-0 C13H17NO
    Phenol, 3-(1-ethyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-3-pyridinyl)-
    —— O-acetylcalopin 485822-46-6 C15H18O6
    O-acetylcalopin
    —— 2,4,6-Trichlor-3,5-difluor-phenol 2992-91-8 C6HCl3F2O
    2,4,6-Trichlor-3,5-difluor-phenol
    —— 3-(1-propyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridin-3-yl)-phenol hydrochloride 83010-47-3 C14H19NO*ClH
    3-(1-propyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridin-3-yl)-phenol hydrochloride
    —— Phenol, 3-[1-(cyclopropylmethyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-3-pyridinyl]- 83010-55-3 C15H19NO
    Phenol, 3-[1-(cyclopropylmethyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-3-pyridinyl]-
    —— 4-{[(4-Fluorophenyl)imino]methyl}-2-methoxyphenol 3382-69-2 C14H12FNO2
    4-{[(4-Fluorophenyl)imino]methyl}-2-methoxyphenol