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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl)methane 1190429-64-1 C18H22N4O2
    (3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl)methane
    —— 2,4-dibromo-6-[3-(4-methylphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]phenol 488852-63-7 C16H14Br2N2O
    2,4-dibromo-6-[3-(4-methylphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]phenol
    —— 3-(4-Hydroxy-2-methoxyphenoxy)-1,2-propanediol 1-carbamate 29541-95-5 C11H15NO6
    3-(4-Hydroxy-2-methoxyphenoxy)-1,2-propanediol 1-carbamate
    —— Sodium;benzene-1,4-diol;sulfurous acid 72207-92-2 C6H8NaO5S+
    Sodium;benzene-1,4-diol;sulfurous acid
    —— 1-Dodecanone, 1-(2-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)-, oxime 40867-42-3 C19H31NO2
    1-Dodecanone, 1-(2-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)-, oxime
    —— N-(β-hydroxyethyl)gallamide 74592-86-2 C9H11NO5
    N-(β-hydroxyethyl)gallamide
    —— 2-dimethylaminomethyl-5-nitrophenol 312748-23-5 C9H12N2O3
    2-dimethylaminomethyl-5-nitrophenol
    —— Butoxytris(methylphenolato)titanium 84119-56-2 C25H34O4Ti
    Butoxytris(methylphenolato)titanium
    —— 2-methoxy-3-(methylthio)phenol 127087-23-4 C8H10O2S
    2-methoxy-3-(methylthio)phenol
    —— Cyclopentanone, 2,5-bis[(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylene]- 61732-62-5 C19H12Br4O3
    Cyclopentanone, 2,5-bis[(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylene]-
    —— methyl 3-[(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)sulfanyl]propanoate 441764-30-3 C10H12O4S
    methyl 3-[(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)sulfanyl]propanoate
    —— D-isoproterenol D-bitartrate —— C4H6O6*C11H17NO3
    D-isoproterenol D-bitartrate
    —— 4-(Thiazolyl-2-azo)-6-methylresorcin 14383-24-5 C10H9N3O2S
    4-(Thiazolyl-2-azo)-6-methylresorcin
    —— 2-(2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)-N-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetamide 4194-12-1 C12H10N4O6
    2-(2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)-N-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetamide
    —— 1-(3-Hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-3-pentanone 106174-96-3 C14H20O3
    1-(3-Hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-3-pentanone
    —— 2-Nitro-4,6-di-t.-pentylphenol 23786-34-7 C16H25NO3
    2-Nitro-4,6-di-t.-pentylphenol
    —— N-3-methoxysalicyliden-4-nitroanilin 47074-10-2 C14H12N2O4
    N-3-methoxysalicyliden-4-nitroanilin
    —— ethyl 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-3H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 113521-49-6 C6H3N3O7*C11H19NO2
    ethyl 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-3H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— (2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydropyrrolizin-1-ylideneamino)thiourea;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 88485-16-9 C6H3N3O7*C8H14N4S
    (2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydropyrrolizin-1-ylideneamino)thiourea;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— Picric acid; compound with [2-(benzooxazol-2-yloxy)-ethyl]-dimethyl-amine 89114-18-1 C6H3N3O7*C11H14N2O2
    Picric acid; compound with [2-(benzooxazol-2-yloxy)-ethyl]-dimethyl-amine
    —— cyclohexyl N-[4-[[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl]amino]pentyl]carbamate;hydrochloride 88719-65-7 C20H32N2O5*ClH
    cyclohexyl N-[4-[[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl]amino]pentyl]carbamate;hydrochloride
    —— 3,5-Dinitro-4-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid potassium salt 74525-39-6 C6H4KN2O8S
    3,5-Dinitro-4-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid potassium salt
    —— 5-chloro-2-hydroxy-3-nitro-benzoic acid amide 89692-61-5 C7H5ClN2O4
    5-chloro-2-hydroxy-3-nitro-benzoic acid amide
    —— 2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydropyrrolizin-1-ylidenehydrazine;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 88485-12-5 C6H3N3O7*C7H13N3
    2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydropyrrolizin-1-ylidenehydrazine;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— 1-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2,3'-azo-1',2',4'-triazol 42379-14-6 C9H9N5O
    1-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2,3'-azo-1',2',4'-triazol
    —— 5-methyl-hexahydro-indolizin-7-one; picrate 858270-59-4 C6H3N3O7*C9H15NO
    5-methyl-hexahydro-indolizin-7-one; picrate
    —— Phenol, nonyl-, compd. with N1,N2-bis(2-aminoethyl)-1,2-ethanediamine (1:?) 68966-75-6 C21H42N4O
    Phenol, nonyl-, compd. with N1,N2-bis(2-aminoethyl)-1,2-ethanediamine (1:?)
    —— 2-methoxy-5-((pyridin-3-ylmethylimino)methyl)phenol 540511-73-7 C14H14N2O2
    2-methoxy-5-((pyridin-3-ylmethylimino)methyl)phenol
    —— 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylene]-3-oxo-7H-thiazolo[3,2-a]pyridine-6,8-dicarbonitrile 487024-91-9 C24H18N4O5S
    5-amino-2,3-dihydro-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylene]-3-oxo-7H-thiazolo[3,2-a]pyridine-6,8-dicarbonitrile
    —— 2-(4-Piperidin-1-yl-butylsulfanyl)-benzene-1,4-diol 123192-68-7 C15H23NO2S
    2-(4-Piperidin-1-yl-butylsulfanyl)-benzene-1,4-diol
    —— (R)-2-(1-aminoethyl)phenol hydrochloride 123982-75-2 C8H11NO*ClH
    (R)-2-(1-aminoethyl)phenol hydrochloride
    —— 5-chloro-2-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyl-3-nitrobenzamide 292636-64-7 C9H9ClN2O4
    5-chloro-2-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyl-3-nitrobenzamide
    —— N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitro-5-chlorophenyl)-N'-(phenyl)urea 117745-34-3 C13H10ClN3O4
    N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitro-5-chlorophenyl)-N'-(phenyl)urea
    —— Phenol, 3-((2-hydroxyethyl)amino)-4-nitro- 82187-67-5 C8H10N2O4
    Phenol, 3-((2-hydroxyethyl)amino)-4-nitro-
    —— Benzenemethanol, 2-chloro-alpha-(((1,1-dimethylethyl)amino)methyl)-3-hydroxy-5-methoxy- 82294-74-4 C13H20ClNO3
    Benzenemethanol, 2-chloro-alpha-(((1,1-dimethylethyl)amino)methyl)-3-hydroxy-5-methoxy-
    —— (S)-3-tert-Butylamino-1-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenoxy)-2-propanol 115609-61-5 C17H27NO4
    (S)-3-tert-Butylamino-1-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenoxy)-2-propanol
    —— N'-(2-aminoethyl)ethane-1,2-diamine;formaldehyde;4-nonylphenol —— C20H39N3O2
    N'-(2-aminoethyl)ethane-1,2-diamine;formaldehyde;4-nonylphenol
    —— Buta-1,3-diene;formaldehyde;phenol;prop-2-enenitrile —— C14H17NO2
    Buta-1,3-diene;formaldehyde;phenol;prop-2-enenitrile
    —— Formaldehyde;4-methyl-2-nonylphenol;4-methylphenol —— C24H36O3
    Formaldehyde;4-methyl-2-nonylphenol;4-methylphenol
    —— Butane-1,3-diol;1,3-diisocyanato-2-methylbenzene;2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol;phenol —— C25H36N2O8
    Butane-1,3-diol;1,3-diisocyanato-2-methylbenzene;2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol;phenol
    —— 3-(2-Hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)cyclopent-2-en-1-one 79316-65-7 C13H14O4
    3-(2-Hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)cyclopent-2-en-1-one
    —— Phenol, diisopropanolamine salt 68213-82-1 C12H21NO3
    Phenol, diisopropanolamine salt
    —— 2-Hydroxy-3-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)cyclopent-2-en-1-one 79316-64-6 C13H14O5
    2-Hydroxy-3-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)cyclopent-2-en-1-one
    —— Bayrotren 77124-27-7 C16H30N2O3
    Bayrotren
    —— 3-Hydroxybenzyloxyamin 555-61-3 C7H9NO2
    3-Hydroxybenzyloxyamin
    —— (1S,6R,7R)-7-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-6-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,8-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonane-3,9-dione 30358-74-8 C15H16O8
    (1S,6R,7R)-7-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-6-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,8-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonane-3,9-dione
    —— 2-<5-Hexyl-2.4-dihydroxy-benzylidenamino>-phenol 16637-48-2 C19H23NO3
    2-<5-Hexyl-2.4-dihydroxy-benzylidenamino>-phenol
    —— Benzimidazole, 1-((p-nitrophenoxy)methyl)-, picrate 34716-68-2 C20H14N6O10
    Benzimidazole, 1-((p-nitrophenoxy)methyl)-, picrate
    —— 2,4,6-Trinitrophenol-4-benzylpyridine(1:1) 6294-59-3 C18H14N4O7
    2,4,6-Trinitrophenol-4-benzylpyridine(1:1)
    —— N-methylmorpholine picrate 2739-11-9 C5H11NO*C6H3N3O7
    N-methylmorpholine picrate