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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 3-Cyclopent-1-enyl-phenol 142144-66-9 C11H12O
    3-Cyclopent-1-enyl-phenol
    —— 2-[4-(morpholin-2-ylmethoxy)phenyl]ethanol hydrochloride 1615654-24-4 C13H19NO3*ClH
    2-[4-(morpholin-2-ylmethoxy)phenyl]ethanol hydrochloride
    —— 4,6-bis(5-carboxy-3-ethyl-4-methyl-2-pyrrolylmethyl)-1,3-dihydroxy-2-methylbenzene 675608-67-0 C25H30N2O6
    4,6-bis(5-carboxy-3-ethyl-4-methyl-2-pyrrolylmethyl)-1,3-dihydroxy-2-methylbenzene
    —— 4-<2-Hydroxy-5-methylphenyl>-butanol-(1) 93306-52-6 C11H16O2
    4-<2-Hydroxy-5-methylphenyl>-butanol-(1)
    —— 2-(3-Chlor-2-butenyl)-phenol 40343-43-9 C10H11ClO
    2-(3-Chlor-2-butenyl)-phenol
    —— (4Z)-4-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzylidene)-1,2-dimethyl-1H-imidazol-5(4H)-one 1338081-33-6 C12H11N3O4
    (4Z)-4-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzylidene)-1,2-dimethyl-1H-imidazol-5(4H)-one
    —— 1-chloro-2-<(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)amino>ethenyl-p-tolyl sulfone 169181-43-5 C15H13ClN2O5S
    1-chloro-2-<(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)amino>ethenyl-p-tolyl sulfone
    —— phenol*argon 162228-31-1 Ar*C6H6O
    phenol*argon
    —— 2-nitro-phenol; ammonium salt 20722-38-7 C6H5NO3*H3N
    2-nitro-phenol; ammonium salt
    —— 2,4,6-Trinitrophenol-2-{2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-3,4-dimethylphenyl}propan-2-ol(1:1) 13997-85-8 C20H26N4O8
    2,4,6-Trinitrophenol-2-{2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-3,4-dimethylphenyl}propan-2-ol(1:1)
    —— 2-{[1-(4-Methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-amino}-5-nitro-phenol 29644-87-9 C14H12N2O4
    2-{[1-(4-Methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-amino}-5-nitro-phenol
    —— Fluorene, monopicrate 5978-44-9 C19H13N3O7
    Fluorene, monopicrate
    —— 2-Hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-malonic acid diethyl ester 89666-32-0 C13H16O6
    2-Hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-malonic acid diethyl ester
    —— 2-Hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-propionic acid 89666-09-1 C9H10O4
    2-Hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-propionic acid
    —— N-[(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]pentanamide 903638-15-3 C14H20N2O4
    N-[(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]pentanamide
    —— (4S)-4-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-3-[(2R)-2-methylpent-4-enoyl]-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one 1010683-81-4 C16H19NO4
    (4S)-4-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-3-[(2R)-2-methylpent-4-enoyl]-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one
    —— N,N-dimethylprop-2-en-1-amine;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 91969-13-0 C11H14N4O7
    N,N-dimethylprop-2-en-1-amine;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— ethyl 2[(4S,6S)-6-(4-hydroxyphenethyl)-2-phenyl-1,3-dioxan-4-yl]acetate 1200143-65-2 C22H26O5
    ethyl 2[(4S,6S)-6-(4-hydroxyphenethyl)-2-phenyl-1,3-dioxan-4-yl]acetate
    —— 2,6-bis(dodecylthiomethyl)-4-methylphenol 1258429-71-8 C33H60OS2
    2,6-bis(dodecylthiomethyl)-4-methylphenol
    —— 2,4,6-Trinitrophenol-2-methoxyquinoline(1:1) 36082-64-1 C16H12N4O8
    2,4,6-Trinitrophenol-2-methoxyquinoline(1:1)
    —— 1,5-Bis-(2,5-dihydroxy-phenyl)-pentan 4250-92-4 C17H20O4
    1,5-Bis-(2,5-dihydroxy-phenyl)-pentan
    —— 3-Brom-4-methoxy-2,5,6-trimethyl-phenol 18910-32-2 C10H13BrO2
    3-Brom-4-methoxy-2,5,6-trimethyl-phenol
    —— 2,3-Dimethoxy-6-propan-2-ylphenol 137834-39-0 C11H16O3
    2,3-Dimethoxy-6-propan-2-ylphenol
    —— 1-(3-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)ethanone 1398523-34-6 C17H13Br2ClN2O2
    1-(3-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)ethanone
    —— 6-chloro-2-fluoro-3-methyl-4-nitrophenol 478841-22-4 C7H5ClFNO3
    6-chloro-2-fluoro-3-methyl-4-nitrophenol
    —— 2-(1-methylcyclododecyl)phenol 862650-77-9 C19H30O
    2-(1-methylcyclododecyl)phenol
    —— 4-amino-3-chloro-5-nitrophenol 33160-21-3 C6H5ClN2O3
    4-amino-3-chloro-5-nitrophenol
    —— N-(2-chloro-4-hydroxy-6-nitrophenyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-carboxamide 1231750-20-1 C11H11ClN2O5
    N-(2-chloro-4-hydroxy-6-nitrophenyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-carboxamide
    —— 1-(3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1Hpyrazol-1-yl) ethan-1-one 1344115-15-6 C17H16N2O3
    1-(3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1Hpyrazol-1-yl) ethan-1-one
    —— Molybdenum;3,4,5,6-tetrachlorobenzene-1,2-diol 53764-50-4 C36H12Cl24Mo2O12
    Molybdenum;3,4,5,6-tetrachlorobenzene-1,2-diol
    —— 6-[(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-(pyridin-2-ylamino)methyl]-1,3-benzodioxol-5-ol 191023-11-7 C21H20N2O6
    6-[(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-(pyridin-2-ylamino)methyl]-1,3-benzodioxol-5-ol
    —— 4-(2-ethoxy-2-methoxyethyl)-2,6-dimethylphenol 1097200-10-6 C13H20O3
    4-(2-ethoxy-2-methoxyethyl)-2,6-dimethylphenol
    —— methyl 2-[(tertbutyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)acetate 435344-65-3 C15H24O4Si
    methyl 2-[(tertbutyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)acetate
    —— (2E,2'E)-1,1'-(5,5'-(piperazine-1,4-diylbis(methylene))bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5,1-phenylene))bis(3-(3-methylthiophen-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one) 1369787-32-5 C36H38N2O6S2
    (2E,2'E)-1,1'-(5,5'-(piperazine-1,4-diylbis(methylene))bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5,1-phenylene))bis(3-(3-methylthiophen-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one)
    —— methyl (6-fluoro-2-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetate 361336-91-6 C9H8FNO5
    methyl (6-fluoro-2-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetate
    —— 5-Chloropyrimidine-2,4,6-triamine; 2,4,6-trinitrophenol 7464-07-5 C10H9ClN8O7
    5-Chloropyrimidine-2,4,6-triamine; 2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— 2-Morpholinomethyl-hydrochinon 6452-80-8 C11H15NO3
    2-Morpholinomethyl-hydrochinon
    —— (R*,S*)-2,2'-(dithiobis{1-[(2-aminoethyl)methylamino]-2,1-ethanediyl})bis(phenol) 183113-68-0 C22H34N4O2S2
    (R*,S*)-2,2'-(dithiobis{1-[(2-aminoethyl)methylamino]-2,1-ethanediyl})bis(phenol)
    —— N-(5-hydroxypentyl)-N-[1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]amine 651304-80-2 C13H21NO2
    N-(5-hydroxypentyl)-N-[1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]amine
    —— 3-hydroxymethyl-4-methoxy-6-(2-propenyl)phenol 359844-06-7 C11H14O3
    3-hydroxymethyl-4-methoxy-6-(2-propenyl)phenol
    —— 4-(5,6-dibromohexyl)phenol 109493-06-3 C12H16Br2O
    4-(5,6-dibromohexyl)phenol
    —— hydroquinone; compound with diethylamine 34376-20-0 C4H11N*2C6H6O2
    hydroquinone; compound with diethylamine
    —— Copper;2-(3-hydroxypropyliminomethyl)phenol 14843-54-0 C20H26CuN2O4
    Copper;2-(3-hydroxypropyliminomethyl)phenol
    —— Copper;2-(2-hydroxyethyliminomethyl)phenol 13987-24-1 C18H22CuN2O4
    Copper;2-(2-hydroxyethyliminomethyl)phenol
    —— 4-[3-(2,2-diethoxyethoxy)prop-1-ynyl]phenol 1254984-91-2 C15H20O4
    4-[3-(2,2-diethoxyethoxy)prop-1-ynyl]phenol
    —— Cobalt;2-methoxy-6-(phenyliminomethyl)phenol 18449-03-1 C28H26CoN2O4
    Cobalt;2-methoxy-6-(phenyliminomethyl)phenol
    —— 2-[(1-Hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)iminomethyl]phenol;ZINC —— C32H48N4O4Zn
    2-[(1-Hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)iminomethyl]phenol;ZINC
    —— 2-[[2-(2,3-Dimethoxyphenyl)-3-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-1,3-diazinan-1-yl]methyl]-6-methoxyphenol 5740-57-8 C28H34N2O6
    2-[[2-(2,3-Dimethoxyphenyl)-3-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-1,3-diazinan-1-yl]methyl]-6-methoxyphenol
    —— 4,4'-(1,3-Dimethylcyclobutane-1,3-diyl)diphenol 3788-29-2 C18H20O2
    4,4'-(1,3-Dimethylcyclobutane-1,3-diyl)diphenol
    —— 2-bromo-N-[4-[2,6-diamino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl]butyl]acetamide; 2,4,6-trinitrophenol 20535-93-7 C22H22BrClN8O8
    2-bromo-N-[4-[2,6-diamino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl]butyl]acetamide; 2,4,6-trinitrophenol