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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-methoxy-5-(3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)isoxazol-5-yl)phenol 832125-79-8 C19H19NO6
    2-methoxy-5-(3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)isoxazol-5-yl)phenol
    —— 4-bromo-2-[3-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]phenol 1049117-65-8 C15H12BrClN2O
    4-bromo-2-[3-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]phenol
    —— 1-(5-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(p-chlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1-pyrazolyl)ethanone 126985-04-4 C17H14BrClN2O2
    1-(5-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(p-chlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1-pyrazolyl)ethanone
    —— 1-[5-(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)-3,4-dihydropyrazol-2-yl]ethanone 1428324-86-0 C17H15N3O6
    1-[5-(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)-3,4-dihydropyrazol-2-yl]ethanone
    —— N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone+phenol 1200-37-9 C5H9NO*C6H6O
    N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone+phenol
    —— 4-(3-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)-4-oxo-2-butenoic acid 93367-77-2 C10H7NO6
    4-(3-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)-4-oxo-2-butenoic acid
    —— 2.3.5.6-Tetrahydroxytoluol 700-19-6 C7H8O4
    2.3.5.6-Tetrahydroxytoluol
    —— JC012 1257404-73-1 C16H26N2O2
    JC012
    —— 3-(ditert-butylphosphinomethyl)phenol 646069-73-0 C15H25OP
    3-(ditert-butylphosphinomethyl)phenol
    —— 2-(3-bromopropyl)phenol 57027-76-6 C9H11BrO
    2-(3-bromopropyl)phenol
    —— 1-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoyl)-3-hydroxy-2-pyrrolidinone 84264-71-1 C12H13NO5
    1-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoyl)-3-hydroxy-2-pyrrolidinone
    —— 3-(7,8,9-Trihydro-pyranno(2,3-g)indolyl)-N,N-dimethylmethylamine picrate [French] 83868-31-9 C6H3N3O7*C14H18N2O
    3-(7,8,9-Trihydro-pyranno(2,3-g)indolyl)-N,N-dimethylmethylamine picrate [French]
    —— Phenol, 2-(4,5-dihydro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)- 86002-62-2 C16H16N2O
    Phenol, 2-(4,5-dihydro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-
    —— 1-Oxaspiro(4.5)dec-3-en-2-one, 4-(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxybenzoyl)-3-methyl- 86560-14-7 C19H22O4
    1-Oxaspiro(4.5)dec-3-en-2-one, 4-(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxybenzoyl)-3-methyl-
    —— 4-(3-Methyl-1,2,4-triazolo(4,3-b)(1,2,4)triazin-7-yl)phenol 86870-03-3 C11H9N5O
    4-(3-Methyl-1,2,4-triazolo(4,3-b)(1,2,4)triazin-7-yl)phenol
    —— N-(4-hydroxyphenethyl)-5-chloro-1-methyl-4-imidazolesulfonamide 137048-71-6 C12H14ClN3O3S
    N-(4-hydroxyphenethyl)-5-chloro-1-methyl-4-imidazolesulfonamide
    —— Oxiraneoctanamide, N-((4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl)-3-octyl-, trans-(+-)- 150988-86-6 C26H43NO4
    Oxiraneoctanamide, N-((4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl)-3-octyl-, trans-(+-)-
    —— Oxiraneoctanamide, N-((4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl)-3-octyl-, cis-(+-)- 150988-85-5 C26H43NO4
    Oxiraneoctanamide, N-((4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl)-3-octyl-, cis-(+-)-
    —— 2-hydroxy-3-(1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)-benzenecarboximidamide 164334-83-2 C11H12N4O
    2-hydroxy-3-(1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)-benzenecarboximidamide
    —— 2-hydroxy-3-(1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)-N-methyl-benzenecarboximidamide 164334-84-3 C12H14N4O
    2-hydroxy-3-(1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)-N-methyl-benzenecarboximidamide
    —— (+)-2-hydroxy-3-[1-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethyl]-benzenecarboximidamide 164334-95-6 C12H14N4O
    (+)-2-hydroxy-3-[1-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethyl]-benzenecarboximidamide
    —— 2-hydroxy-3-(1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)-N-(1-methylethyl)-benzenecarboximidamide 164334-96-7 C14H18N4O
    2-hydroxy-3-(1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)-N-(1-methylethyl)-benzenecarboximidamide
    —— 4,4'-((6,12-Diphenyldibenzo(b,f)(1,5)diazocine-2,8-diyl)bis(nitrilomethylidyne))bisphenol 130189-66-1 C40H28N4O2
    4,4'-((6,12-Diphenyldibenzo(b,f)(1,5)diazocine-2,8-diyl)bis(nitrilomethylidyne))bisphenol
    —— 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-[2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy]ethanol hydrochloride —— C12H19NO3*ClH
    1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-[2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy]ethanol hydrochloride
    —— [Bis-(4-chloro-phenyl)-phosphinoyl]-acetic acid [1-(2,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-hydrazide 135689-11-1 C21H17Cl2N2O4P
    [Bis-(4-chloro-phenyl)-phosphinoyl]-acetic acid [1-(2,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-hydrazide
    —— 4H,5H-(1)Benzothiopyrano(4,3-b)pyran-3-carbonitrile, 2-amino-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-, 6,6-dioxide 135521-76-5 C20H16N2O4S
    4H,5H-(1)Benzothiopyrano(4,3-b)pyran-3-carbonitrile, 2-amino-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-, 6,6-dioxide
    —— 2,4-Diamino-5-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-benzyl)-pyrimidine-hydrobromide 122439-97-8 BrH*C12H14N4O2
    2,4-Diamino-5-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-benzyl)-pyrimidine-hydrobromide
    —— 3-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-isoxazolin-5-ylphosphonic acid 125674-88-6 C9H10NO5P
    3-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-isoxazolin-5-ylphosphonic acid
    —— 4-Chloro-6-[(3-hydroxypropylamino)methylidene]cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one 189317-27-9 C10H12ClNO2
    4-Chloro-6-[(3-hydroxypropylamino)methylidene]cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one
    —— 3-((1S,2R)-2-Dipropylamino-cyclopropyl)-phenol 111001-17-3 C15H23NO
    3-((1S,2R)-2-Dipropylamino-cyclopropyl)-phenol
    —— 2-((1S,2R)-2-Dipropylamino-cyclopropyl)-phenol 111001-15-1 C15H23NO
    2-((1S,2R)-2-Dipropylamino-cyclopropyl)-phenol
    —— Sodium;hydride;3-methyl-4-nitrophenol —— C7H8NNaO3
    Sodium;hydride;3-methyl-4-nitrophenol
    —— 1,3-Benzenediol, 4-nitroso-, monosodium salt 5461-28-9 C6H5NNaO3+
    1,3-Benzenediol, 4-nitroso-, monosodium salt
    —— 2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)cyclopropylamine hydrochloride 67035-23-8 C9H12ClNO2
    2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)cyclopropylamine hydrochloride
    —— Sodium p-octylphenolate 78899-79-3 C14H23NaO
    Sodium p-octylphenolate
    —— 2-(16-Methylheptadecyl)benzene-1,4-diol —— C24H42O2
    2-(16-Methylheptadecyl)benzene-1,4-diol
    —— 3,4-Dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-4-(phenylimino)-2H-furo(3,4-b)pyran-7(5H)-one N-oxide 117611-96-8 C15H15NO4
    3,4-Dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-4-(phenylimino)-2H-furo(3,4-b)pyran-7(5H)-one N-oxide
    —— 3-[(1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]-2-hydroxy-5-methyl-benzenemethanol 116796-00-0 C12H14N2O2
    3-[(1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]-2-hydroxy-5-methyl-benzenemethanol
    —— 5-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione 5835-53-0 C10H7NO4S
    5-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione
    —— 2H-Thiopyran-4-ol, tetrahydro-3-((dimethylamino)methyl)-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-, hydrochloride, trans-(+-)- 119558-39-3 C14H22ClNO2S
    2H-Thiopyran-4-ol, tetrahydro-3-((dimethylamino)methyl)-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-, hydrochloride, trans-(+-)-
    —— 2-[2,4-Bis-(1,1-dimethyl-propyl)-phenoxy]-N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitro-phenyl)-butyramide 38881-04-8 C26H36N2O5
    2-[2,4-Bis-(1,1-dimethyl-propyl)-phenoxy]-N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitro-phenyl)-butyramide
    —— 4-[(4-Hydroxy-3-iodo-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1-phenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione 5006-12-2 C17H13IN2O4
    4-[(4-Hydroxy-3-iodo-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1-phenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione
    —— 2-(1,3,3a,4,5,6,7,7a-Octahydro-2-benzothiophen-2-ium-2-yl)benzene-1,4-diol 5006-93-9 C14H19O2S+
    2-(1,3,3a,4,5,6,7,7a-Octahydro-2-benzothiophen-2-ium-2-yl)benzene-1,4-diol
    —— 2-[(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)amino]-5-nitrophenol 6408-53-3 C12H12N4O3
    2-[(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)amino]-5-nitrophenol
    —— (E)-2-[1-(2-hydroxyethyl)pyridin-1-ium-4-yl]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-ene-1-sulfonate 111260-19-6 C16H17NO5S
    (E)-2-[1-(2-hydroxyethyl)pyridin-1-ium-4-yl]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-ene-1-sulfonate
    —— 3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-5-(p-methoxyphenyl)-2-pyrazoline 58721-60-1 C17H18N2O3
    3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-5-(p-methoxyphenyl)-2-pyrazoline
    —— 6-Amino-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(methoxymethyl)-1,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole-5-carbonitrile 309920-86-3 C15H14N4O3
    6-Amino-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(methoxymethyl)-1,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole-5-carbonitrile
    —— 1,2-Benzenediol, 4-[(S)-hydroxy-(2S)-2-piperidinylmethyl]- 739307-60-9 C12H17NO3
    1,2-Benzenediol, 4-[(S)-hydroxy-(2S)-2-piperidinylmethyl]-
    —— Tetraphenylene-1,8,9,16-tetrol 861906-74-3 C24H16O4
    Tetraphenylene-1,8,9,16-tetrol
    —— 3,4-dihydroxy-β-methyl-β-nitrostyrene 13662-96-9 C9H9NO4
    3,4-dihydroxy-β-methyl-β-nitrostyrene