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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 6-[(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-(pyridin-2-ylamino)methyl]-1,3-benzodioxol-5-ol 191023-11-7 C21H20N2O6
    6-[(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-(pyridin-2-ylamino)methyl]-1,3-benzodioxol-5-ol
    —— 4-(2-ethoxy-2-methoxyethyl)-2,6-dimethylphenol 1097200-10-6 C13H20O3
    4-(2-ethoxy-2-methoxyethyl)-2,6-dimethylphenol
    —— methyl 2-[(tertbutyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)acetate 435344-65-3 C15H24O4Si
    methyl 2-[(tertbutyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)acetate
    —— (2E,2'E)-1,1'-(5,5'-(piperazine-1,4-diylbis(methylene))bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5,1-phenylene))bis(3-(3-methylthiophen-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one) 1369787-32-5 C36H38N2O6S2
    (2E,2'E)-1,1'-(5,5'-(piperazine-1,4-diylbis(methylene))bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5,1-phenylene))bis(3-(3-methylthiophen-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one)
    —— methyl (6-fluoro-2-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetate 361336-91-6 C9H8FNO5
    methyl (6-fluoro-2-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetate
    —— 5-Chloropyrimidine-2,4,6-triamine; 2,4,6-trinitrophenol 7464-07-5 C10H9ClN8O7
    5-Chloropyrimidine-2,4,6-triamine; 2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— 2-Morpholinomethyl-hydrochinon 6452-80-8 C11H15NO3
    2-Morpholinomethyl-hydrochinon
    —— (R*,S*)-2,2'-(dithiobis{1-[(2-aminoethyl)methylamino]-2,1-ethanediyl})bis(phenol) 183113-68-0 C22H34N4O2S2
    (R*,S*)-2,2'-(dithiobis{1-[(2-aminoethyl)methylamino]-2,1-ethanediyl})bis(phenol)
    —— N-(5-hydroxypentyl)-N-[1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]amine 651304-80-2 C13H21NO2
    N-(5-hydroxypentyl)-N-[1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]amine
    —— 3-hydroxymethyl-4-methoxy-6-(2-propenyl)phenol 359844-06-7 C11H14O3
    3-hydroxymethyl-4-methoxy-6-(2-propenyl)phenol
    —— 4-(5,6-dibromohexyl)phenol 109493-06-3 C12H16Br2O
    4-(5,6-dibromohexyl)phenol
    —— hydroquinone; compound with diethylamine 34376-20-0 C4H11N*2C6H6O2
    hydroquinone; compound with diethylamine
    —— Copper;2-(3-hydroxypropyliminomethyl)phenol 14843-54-0 C20H26CuN2O4
    Copper;2-(3-hydroxypropyliminomethyl)phenol
    —— Copper;2-(2-hydroxyethyliminomethyl)phenol 13987-24-1 C18H22CuN2O4
    Copper;2-(2-hydroxyethyliminomethyl)phenol
    —— 4-[3-(2,2-diethoxyethoxy)prop-1-ynyl]phenol 1254984-91-2 C15H20O4
    4-[3-(2,2-diethoxyethoxy)prop-1-ynyl]phenol
    —— Cobalt;2-methoxy-6-(phenyliminomethyl)phenol 18449-03-1 C28H26CoN2O4
    Cobalt;2-methoxy-6-(phenyliminomethyl)phenol
    —— 2-[(1-Hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)iminomethyl]phenol;ZINC —— C32H48N4O4Zn
    2-[(1-Hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)iminomethyl]phenol;ZINC
    —— 2-[[2-(2,3-Dimethoxyphenyl)-3-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-1,3-diazinan-1-yl]methyl]-6-methoxyphenol 5740-57-8 C28H34N2O6
    2-[[2-(2,3-Dimethoxyphenyl)-3-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-1,3-diazinan-1-yl]methyl]-6-methoxyphenol
    —— 4,4'-(1,3-Dimethylcyclobutane-1,3-diyl)diphenol 3788-29-2 C18H20O2
    4,4'-(1,3-Dimethylcyclobutane-1,3-diyl)diphenol
    —— 2-bromo-N-[4-[2,6-diamino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl]butyl]acetamide; 2,4,6-trinitrophenol 20535-93-7 C22H22BrClN8O8
    2-bromo-N-[4-[2,6-diamino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl]butyl]acetamide; 2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— 4-[3-(diethylamino)propyl]-2,6-dimethoxyphenol 99878-73-6 C15H25NO3
    4-[3-(diethylamino)propyl]-2,6-dimethoxyphenol
    —— Phenol, 2-methoxy-6-[[(4-methyl-2-pyridinyl)imino]methyl]- 106052-58-8 C14H14N2O2
    Phenol, 2-methoxy-6-[[(4-methyl-2-pyridinyl)imino]methyl]-
    —— 2-chloro-3-hydroxy-6-nitro-4-propenyltoluene 88062-29-7 C10H10ClNO3
    2-chloro-3-hydroxy-6-nitro-4-propenyltoluene
    —— 2-(Benzyliminomethyl)phenol;copper 14655-06-2 C28H26CuN2O2
    2-(Benzyliminomethyl)phenol;copper
    —— 5-amino-4-chloro-2-(2,3-dihydroxy-phenyl)-2<i>H</i>-pyridazin-3-one 50512-54-4 C10H8ClN3O3
    5-amino-4-chloro-2-(2,3-dihydroxy-phenyl)-2<i>H</i>-pyridazin-3-one
    —— 2-bromo-4-fluoro-5-methoxyphenol 1185836-63-8 C7H6BrFO2
    2-bromo-4-fluoro-5-methoxyphenol
    —— 2,5-bis(4-fluoro-3-hydroxyphenyl)thiophene 1430419-24-1 C16H10F2O2S
    2,5-bis(4-fluoro-3-hydroxyphenyl)thiophene
    —— 4-[(2,5-Dimethylphenyl)iminomethyl]benzene-1,2-diol 5375-10-0 C15H15NO2
    4-[(2,5-Dimethylphenyl)iminomethyl]benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 2-Fluoro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl glycol 141523-14-0 C9H11FO4
    2-Fluoro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl glycol
    —— 5-fluoronorepinephrine 71144-41-7 C8H10FNO3
    5-fluoronorepinephrine
    —— 2-(1-Hydroxybut-3-ynyl)-4-nitrophenol 1262961-94-3 C10H9NO4
    2-(1-Hydroxybut-3-ynyl)-4-nitrophenol
    —— 2-[(4-chlorophenylimino)methyl]-4-nitrophenol 5280-15-9 C13H9ClN2O3
    2-[(4-chlorophenylimino)methyl]-4-nitrophenol
    —— 2,6-Dicyan-hydrochinon 4655-71-4 C8H4N2O2
    2,6-Dicyan-hydrochinon
    —— [rac]-2-ethoxy-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-propionic acid ethyl ester 343870-75-7 C14H20O5
    [rac]-2-ethoxy-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-propionic acid ethyl ester
    —— (5E)-5-(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-3-methyl-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one 326019-49-2 C12H10BrNO3S2
    (5E)-5-(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-3-methyl-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 2-[(2-Hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)methylideneamino]-4,5-dimethylphenol 5483-30-7 C16H17NO2
    2-[(2-Hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)methylideneamino]-4,5-dimethylphenol
    —— 5,11,17,23-Tetrakis(4-hydroxybutoxymethyl)-2,8,14,20-tetrakis(2-methylpropyl)pentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(25),3(28),4,6,9(27),10,12,15,17,19(26),21,23-dodecaene-4,6,10,12,16,18,22,24-octol 1274936-98-9 C64H96O16
    5,11,17,23-Tetrakis(4-hydroxybutoxymethyl)-2,8,14,20-tetrakis(2-methylpropyl)pentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(25),3(28),4,6,9(27),10,12,15,17,19(26),21,23-dodecaene-4,6,10,12,16,18,22,24-octol
    —— 4-[(1S)-1-hydroxypropyl]-2-methoxyphenol 1192364-47-8 C10H14O3
    4-[(1S)-1-hydroxypropyl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 1-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-1-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-3,3-dimethyl urea 1350123-02-2 C15H18N2O3
    1-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-1-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-3,3-dimethyl urea
    —— 2,3-dibromo-6-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde 20035-42-1 C8H6Br2O3
    2,3-dibromo-6-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde
    —— 4,6-dinitrosalicylic acid 65841-03-4 C7H4N2O7
    4,6-dinitrosalicylic acid
    —— 2,3,6-Trimethyl-4-nitroso-phenol 38104-97-1 C9H11NO2
    2,3,6-Trimethyl-4-nitroso-phenol
    —— 4-chloro-2-[3-(4-methylphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]phenol 637321-20-1 C16H15ClN2O
    4-chloro-2-[3-(4-methylphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]phenol
    —— 3-[5-(2-hydroxy-benzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl]-propionic acid 7025-21-0 C13H11NO4S2
    3-[5-(2-hydroxy-benzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl]-propionic acid
    —— 2-methoxy-6-[4-[(3-nitroanilino)methyl]-3-(N-phenylanilino)-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-5-yl]phenol 1179820-95-1 C29H26N4O5
    2-methoxy-6-[4-[(3-nitroanilino)methyl]-3-(N-phenylanilino)-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-5-yl]phenol
    —— 2-methoxy-6-[4-[(2-nitroanilino)methyl]-3-(N-phenylanilino)-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-5-yl]phenol 1179820-96-2 C29H26N4O5
    2-methoxy-6-[4-[(2-nitroanilino)methyl]-3-(N-phenylanilino)-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-5-yl]phenol
    —— 2-acetyl-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-N-phenyl-5-propan-2-yl-3,4-dihydropyrazole-4-carboxamide 1239420-74-6 C22H25N3O4
    2-acetyl-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-N-phenyl-5-propan-2-yl-3,4-dihydropyrazole-4-carboxamide
    —— 2-(Benzenesulfonyl)-3-(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enenitrile 691375-72-1 C16H12BrNO4S
    2-(Benzenesulfonyl)-3-(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enenitrile
    —— 2-(Benzenesulfonyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enenitrile 691375-85-6 C16H13NO4S
    2-(Benzenesulfonyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enenitrile
    —— 3-benzyl-2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)sulfonylamino-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyrazine 1238832-33-1 C24H21N3O4S
    3-benzyl-2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)sulfonylamino-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyrazine