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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (R)-2-(1-aminoethyl)phenol hydrochloride 123982-75-2 C8H11NO*ClH
    (R)-2-(1-aminoethyl)phenol hydrochloride
    —— 5-chloro-2-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyl-3-nitrobenzamide 292636-64-7 C9H9ClN2O4
    5-chloro-2-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyl-3-nitrobenzamide
    —— N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitro-5-chlorophenyl)-N'-(phenyl)urea 117745-34-3 C13H10ClN3O4
    N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitro-5-chlorophenyl)-N'-(phenyl)urea
    —— Phenol, 3-((2-hydroxyethyl)amino)-4-nitro- 82187-67-5 C8H10N2O4
    Phenol, 3-((2-hydroxyethyl)amino)-4-nitro-
    —— Benzenemethanol, 2-chloro-alpha-(((1,1-dimethylethyl)amino)methyl)-3-hydroxy-5-methoxy- 82294-74-4 C13H20ClNO3
    Benzenemethanol, 2-chloro-alpha-(((1,1-dimethylethyl)amino)methyl)-3-hydroxy-5-methoxy-
    —— (S)-3-tert-Butylamino-1-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenoxy)-2-propanol 115609-61-5 C17H27NO4
    (S)-3-tert-Butylamino-1-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenoxy)-2-propanol
    —— N'-(2-aminoethyl)ethane-1,2-diamine;formaldehyde;4-nonylphenol —— C20H39N3O2
    N'-(2-aminoethyl)ethane-1,2-diamine;formaldehyde;4-nonylphenol
    —— Buta-1,3-diene;formaldehyde;phenol;prop-2-enenitrile —— C14H17NO2
    Buta-1,3-diene;formaldehyde;phenol;prop-2-enenitrile
    —— Formaldehyde;4-methyl-2-nonylphenol;4-methylphenol —— C24H36O3
    Formaldehyde;4-methyl-2-nonylphenol;4-methylphenol
    —— Butane-1,3-diol;1,3-diisocyanato-2-methylbenzene;2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol;phenol —— C25H36N2O8
    Butane-1,3-diol;1,3-diisocyanato-2-methylbenzene;2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol;phenol
    —— 3-(2-Hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)cyclopent-2-en-1-one 79316-65-7 C13H14O4
    3-(2-Hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)cyclopent-2-en-1-one
    —— Phenol, diisopropanolamine salt 68213-82-1 C12H21NO3
    Phenol, diisopropanolamine salt
    —— 2-Hydroxy-3-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)cyclopent-2-en-1-one 79316-64-6 C13H14O5
    2-Hydroxy-3-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)cyclopent-2-en-1-one
    —— Bayrotren 77124-27-7 C16H30N2O3
    Bayrotren
    —— 3-Hydroxybenzyloxyamin 555-61-3 C7H9NO2
    3-Hydroxybenzyloxyamin
    —— (1S,6R,7R)-7-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-6-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,8-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonane-3,9-dione 30358-74-8 C15H16O8
    (1S,6R,7R)-7-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-6-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,8-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonane-3,9-dione
    —— 2-<5-Hexyl-2.4-dihydroxy-benzylidenamino>-phenol 16637-48-2 C19H23NO3
    2-<5-Hexyl-2.4-dihydroxy-benzylidenamino>-phenol
    —— Benzimidazole, 1-((p-nitrophenoxy)methyl)-, picrate 34716-68-2 C20H14N6O10
    Benzimidazole, 1-((p-nitrophenoxy)methyl)-, picrate
    —— 2,4,6-Trinitrophenol-4-benzylpyridine(1:1) 6294-59-3 C18H14N4O7
    2,4,6-Trinitrophenol-4-benzylpyridine(1:1)
    —— N-methylmorpholine picrate 2739-11-9 C5H11NO*C6H3N3O7
    N-methylmorpholine picrate
    —— 3-Cyclopent-1-enyl-phenol 142144-66-9 C11H12O
    3-Cyclopent-1-enyl-phenol
    —— 2-[4-(morpholin-2-ylmethoxy)phenyl]ethanol hydrochloride 1615654-24-4 C13H19NO3*ClH
    2-[4-(morpholin-2-ylmethoxy)phenyl]ethanol hydrochloride
    —— 4,6-bis(5-carboxy-3-ethyl-4-methyl-2-pyrrolylmethyl)-1,3-dihydroxy-2-methylbenzene 675608-67-0 C25H30N2O6
    4,6-bis(5-carboxy-3-ethyl-4-methyl-2-pyrrolylmethyl)-1,3-dihydroxy-2-methylbenzene
    —— 4-<2-Hydroxy-5-methylphenyl>-butanol-(1) 93306-52-6 C11H16O2
    4-<2-Hydroxy-5-methylphenyl>-butanol-(1)
    —— 2-(3-Chlor-2-butenyl)-phenol 40343-43-9 C10H11ClO
    2-(3-Chlor-2-butenyl)-phenol
    —— (4Z)-4-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzylidene)-1,2-dimethyl-1H-imidazol-5(4H)-one 1338081-33-6 C12H11N3O4
    (4Z)-4-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzylidene)-1,2-dimethyl-1H-imidazol-5(4H)-one
    —— 1-chloro-2-<(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)amino>ethenyl-p-tolyl sulfone 169181-43-5 C15H13ClN2O5S
    1-chloro-2-<(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)amino>ethenyl-p-tolyl sulfone
    —— phenol*argon 162228-31-1 Ar*C6H6O
    phenol*argon
    —— 2-nitro-phenol; ammonium salt 20722-38-7 C6H5NO3*H3N
    2-nitro-phenol; ammonium salt
    —— 2,4,6-Trinitrophenol-2-{2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-3,4-dimethylphenyl}propan-2-ol(1:1) 13997-85-8 C20H26N4O8
    2,4,6-Trinitrophenol-2-{2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-3,4-dimethylphenyl}propan-2-ol(1:1)
    —— 2-{[1-(4-Methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-amino}-5-nitro-phenol 29644-87-9 C14H12N2O4
    2-{[1-(4-Methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-amino}-5-nitro-phenol
    —— Fluorene, monopicrate 5978-44-9 C19H13N3O7
    Fluorene, monopicrate
    —— 2-Hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-malonic acid diethyl ester 89666-32-0 C13H16O6
    2-Hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-malonic acid diethyl ester
    —— 2-Hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-propionic acid 89666-09-1 C9H10O4
    2-Hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-propionic acid
    —— N-[(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]pentanamide 903638-15-3 C14H20N2O4
    N-[(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]pentanamide
    —— (4S)-4-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-3-[(2R)-2-methylpent-4-enoyl]-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one 1010683-81-4 C16H19NO4
    (4S)-4-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-3-[(2R)-2-methylpent-4-enoyl]-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one
    —— N,N-dimethylprop-2-en-1-amine;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 91969-13-0 C11H14N4O7
    N,N-dimethylprop-2-en-1-amine;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— ethyl 2[(4S,6S)-6-(4-hydroxyphenethyl)-2-phenyl-1,3-dioxan-4-yl]acetate 1200143-65-2 C22H26O5
    ethyl 2[(4S,6S)-6-(4-hydroxyphenethyl)-2-phenyl-1,3-dioxan-4-yl]acetate
    —— 2,6-bis(dodecylthiomethyl)-4-methylphenol 1258429-71-8 C33H60OS2
    2,6-bis(dodecylthiomethyl)-4-methylphenol
    —— 2,4,6-Trinitrophenol-2-methoxyquinoline(1:1) 36082-64-1 C16H12N4O8
    2,4,6-Trinitrophenol-2-methoxyquinoline(1:1)
    —— 1,5-Bis-(2,5-dihydroxy-phenyl)-pentan 4250-92-4 C17H20O4
    1,5-Bis-(2,5-dihydroxy-phenyl)-pentan
    —— 3-Brom-4-methoxy-2,5,6-trimethyl-phenol 18910-32-2 C10H13BrO2
    3-Brom-4-methoxy-2,5,6-trimethyl-phenol
    —— 2,3-Dimethoxy-6-propan-2-ylphenol 137834-39-0 C11H16O3
    2,3-Dimethoxy-6-propan-2-ylphenol
    —— 1-(3-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)ethanone 1398523-34-6 C17H13Br2ClN2O2
    1-(3-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)ethanone
    —— 6-chloro-2-fluoro-3-methyl-4-nitrophenol 478841-22-4 C7H5ClFNO3
    6-chloro-2-fluoro-3-methyl-4-nitrophenol
    —— 2-(1-methylcyclododecyl)phenol 862650-77-9 C19H30O
    2-(1-methylcyclododecyl)phenol
    —— 4-amino-3-chloro-5-nitrophenol 33160-21-3 C6H5ClN2O3
    4-amino-3-chloro-5-nitrophenol
    —— N-(2-chloro-4-hydroxy-6-nitrophenyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-carboxamide 1231750-20-1 C11H11ClN2O5
    N-(2-chloro-4-hydroxy-6-nitrophenyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-carboxamide
    —— 1-(3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1Hpyrazol-1-yl) ethan-1-one 1344115-15-6 C17H16N2O3
    1-(3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1Hpyrazol-1-yl) ethan-1-one
    —— Molybdenum;3,4,5,6-tetrachlorobenzene-1,2-diol 53764-50-4 C36H12Cl24Mo2O12
    Molybdenum;3,4,5,6-tetrachlorobenzene-1,2-diol