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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 4-[1-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropyl]phenol 251990-49-5 C10H12O2
    4-[1-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropyl]phenol
    —— 4-[1-[2-(2-Ethoxyethoxy)ethoxymethyl]cyclopropyl]phenol 251996-74-4 C16H24O4
    4-[1-[2-(2-Ethoxyethoxy)ethoxymethyl]cyclopropyl]phenol
    —— 2',4'-dihydroxyacetophenone ethylene hemithioketal 136257-99-3 C10H12O3S
    2',4'-dihydroxyacetophenone ethylene hemithioketal
    —— 4-Hydroxyphenylacetate —— C8H7O3-
    4-Hydroxyphenylacetate
    —— perfluoro[2.2]paracyclophan-4-ol 1174631-60-7 C16HF15O
    perfluoro[2.2]paracyclophan-4-ol
    —— tert-butyl ethyl(4-hydroxybenzyl)carbamate 1228944-11-3 C14H21NO3
    tert-butyl ethyl(4-hydroxybenzyl)carbamate
    —— 5-hydroxy-2-phenoxidothianium zwitterion 123192-58-5 C11H14O2S
    5-hydroxy-2-phenoxidothianium zwitterion
    —— 2-[4-Hydroxy-3-(3-oxocyclohexen-1-yl)phenyl]acetic acid 63476-45-9 C14H14O4
    2-[4-Hydroxy-3-(3-oxocyclohexen-1-yl)phenyl]acetic acid
    —— 1,1'-ethane-1,2-diylbis[3-(2,4-dihydroxybenzyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione] 1383105-69-8 C24H24N2O8
    1,1'-ethane-1,2-diylbis[3-(2,4-dihydroxybenzyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione]
    —— (E)-4-fluoro-2-(3-methylhepta-2,6-dien-1-yl)phenol 1417913-03-1 C14H17FO
    (E)-4-fluoro-2-(3-methylhepta-2,6-dien-1-yl)phenol
    —— (2E,2'E)-1,1'-[4,6-dihydroxy-1,3-phenylene]bis(3-(3-methylthiophen-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one) 1357167-65-7 C22H18O4S2
    (2E,2'E)-1,1'-[4,6-dihydroxy-1,3-phenylene]bis(3-(3-methylthiophen-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one)
    —— tert-butyl[3-(4-hydroxy-2,6-dimethoxyphenyl)-6-methoxypyrazolo[5,1-b][1,3]thiazol-7-yl]carbamate 1190854-87-5 C19H23N3O6S
    tert-butyl[3-(4-hydroxy-2,6-dimethoxyphenyl)-6-methoxypyrazolo[5,1-b][1,3]thiazol-7-yl]carbamate
    —— hydroquinone; compound with hydrocyanic acid 18879-08-8 CHN*3C6H6O2
    hydroquinone; compound with hydrocyanic acid
    —— 5,6-Dibrom-o-vanillylalkohol 35090-66-5 C8H8Br2O3
    5,6-Dibrom-o-vanillylalkohol
    —— Phenol, 2-[[(4-methylphenyl)imino]methyl]-6-nitro- 65550-52-9 C14H12N2O3
    Phenol, 2-[[(4-methylphenyl)imino]methyl]-6-nitro-
    —— 2,6-di-<i>tert</i>-butyl-4-(2-hydroxy-3-morpholin-4-yl-propoxy)-phenol 7019-88-7 C21H35NO4
    2,6-di-<i>tert</i>-butyl-4-(2-hydroxy-3-morpholin-4-yl-propoxy)-phenol
    —— 4-ethoxy-2-methoxyphenol 99892-86-1 C9H12O3
    4-ethoxy-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 1,2,5-trihydroxy-4-(3-methylbut-3-en-1-ynyl)benzene 879898-75-6 C11H10O3
    1,2,5-trihydroxy-4-(3-methylbut-3-en-1-ynyl)benzene
    —— ethyl 4-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-6-methyl-2-sulfanylidene-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrimidine-5-carboxylate 5236-71-5 C14H15N3O5S
    ethyl 4-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-6-methyl-2-sulfanylidene-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrimidine-5-carboxylate
    —— 2,5-dihydroxy-4-iodobenzaldehyde 879898-76-7 C7H5IO3
    2,5-dihydroxy-4-iodobenzaldehyde
    —— 6-Fluorodopamine hydrobromide —— BrH*C8H10FNO2
    6-Fluorodopamine hydrobromide
    —— 2-Methyl-5-(p-hydroxyphenyl)furan 93202-31-4 C11H10O2
    2-Methyl-5-(p-hydroxyphenyl)furan
    —— N-(2-Hydroxy-3,5-dinitro-phenyl)formamide 70886-37-2 C7H5N3O6
    N-(2-Hydroxy-3,5-dinitro-phenyl)formamide
    —— 4-ethoxy-2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-benzaldehyde 686742-27-8 C10H12O4
    4-ethoxy-2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-benzaldehyde
    —— 4-(3-chloropropyl)-2,6-dimethoxyphenol 111112-96-0 C11H15ClO
    4-(3-chloropropyl)-2,6-dimethoxyphenol
    —— 2-ethyl-4,5-dimethoxyphenol 757237-97-1 C10H14O3
    2-ethyl-4,5-dimethoxyphenol
    —— (5Z)-5-[(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-methyl-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C12H10BrNO3S2
    (5Z)-5-[(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-methyl-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 5-ethoxy-4-methyl-resorcinol 855155-37-2 C9H12O3
    5-ethoxy-4-methyl-resorcinol
    —— 2-ethyl-3-methoxyphenol 98954-40-6 C9H12O2
    2-ethyl-3-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-allyl-3,5-dimethoxyphenol 32977-07-4 C11H14O3
    2-allyl-3,5-dimethoxyphenol
    —— N-<4-Brom-salicyliden>-anilin 15988-06-4 C13H10BrNO
    N-<4-Brom-salicyliden>-anilin
    —— 5-[3-(acetylsulfanyl)propyl]-25,26,27,28-tetrahydroxycalix[4]arene 936012-32-7 C33H32O5S
    5-[3-(acetylsulfanyl)propyl]-25,26,27,28-tetrahydroxycalix[4]arene
    —— (Z)-5-(3-Bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)-3-methyl-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one —— C12H10BrNO3S2
    (Z)-5-(3-Bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)-3-methyl-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one
    —— 1-diethylamino-6-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)hexan-3-one 4126-23-2 C16H25NO3
    1-diethylamino-6-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)hexan-3-one
    —— (5E)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-imino-3-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one 6527-45-3 C18H16N2O4S
    (5E)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-imino-3-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (5Z)-5-[(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one 304861-28-7 C18H15NO3S2
    (5Z)-5-[(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 2-bromo-6-methoxy-4-[(E)-2-nitrobut-1-enyl]phenol 5480-94-4 C11H12BrNO4
    2-bromo-6-methoxy-4-[(E)-2-nitrobut-1-enyl]phenol
    —— 2-(4-Morpholin-4-yl-butylsulfanyl)-benzene-1,4-diol 123192-69-8 C14H21NO3S
    2-(4-Morpholin-4-yl-butylsulfanyl)-benzene-1,4-diol
    —— 4-hydroxy-6-methoxy-2,3-dimethyl-benzaldehyde 70979-83-8 C10H12O3
    4-hydroxy-6-methoxy-2,3-dimethyl-benzaldehyde
    —— (+/-)-parvifoline 62706-41-6 C15H20O
    (+/-)-parvifoline
    —— 2-bromo-4-methoxy-5-methylphenol 13523-07-4 C8H9BrO2
    2-bromo-4-methoxy-5-methylphenol
    —— 4-bromo-2-ethyl-6-methylphenol 7564-39-8 C9H11BrO
    4-bromo-2-ethyl-6-methylphenol
    —— 2,4-diethyl-6-methyl-phenol 129336-94-3 C11H16O
    2,4-diethyl-6-methyl-phenol
    —— 5,17-bis[3-(acetylsulfanyl)propyl]-25,26,27,28-tetrahydroxycalix[4]arene 936012-35-0 C38H40O6S2
    5,17-bis[3-(acetylsulfanyl)propyl]-25,26,27,28-tetrahydroxycalix[4]arene
    —— phenol trimethylamine complex 65886-46-6 C3H9N*C6H6O
    phenol trimethylamine complex
    —— 1,2,5-Trimethyl-4-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-Δ<sup>3</sup>-piperidein 109130-22-5 C14H19NO
    1,2,5-Trimethyl-4-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-Δ<sup>3</sup>-piperidein
    —— dihydrohispolon 481667-92-9 C12H14O3
    dihydrohispolon
    —— 4-(benzo[c]isoxazol-3-yl)phenol 96116-82-4 C13H9NO2
    4-(benzo[c]isoxazol-3-yl)phenol
    —— 11,23-Dimethyl-3,7,15,19-tetrazatricyclo[19.3.1.19,13]hexacosa-1(24),9,11,13(26),21(25),22-hexaene-25,26-diol 103776-07-4 C24H36N4O2
    11,23-Dimethyl-3,7,15,19-tetrazatricyclo[19.3.1.19,13]hexacosa-1(24),9,11,13(26),21(25),22-hexaene-25,26-diol
    —— 2-hydroxyphenylethanoyl chloride 41696-96-2 C8H7ClO2
    2-hydroxyphenylethanoyl chloride