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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-((1S,2R)-2-Dipropylamino-cyclopropyl)-phenol 111001-15-1 C15H23NO
    2-((1S,2R)-2-Dipropylamino-cyclopropyl)-phenol
    —— Sodium;hydride;3-methyl-4-nitrophenol —— C7H8NNaO3
    Sodium;hydride;3-methyl-4-nitrophenol
    —— 1,3-Benzenediol, 4-nitroso-, monosodium salt 5461-28-9 C6H5NNaO3+
    1,3-Benzenediol, 4-nitroso-, monosodium salt
    —— 2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)cyclopropylamine hydrochloride 67035-23-8 C9H12ClNO2
    2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)cyclopropylamine hydrochloride
    —— Sodium p-octylphenolate 78899-79-3 C14H23NaO
    Sodium p-octylphenolate
    —— 2-(16-Methylheptadecyl)benzene-1,4-diol —— C24H42O2
    2-(16-Methylheptadecyl)benzene-1,4-diol
    —— 3,4-Dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-4-(phenylimino)-2H-furo(3,4-b)pyran-7(5H)-one N-oxide 117611-96-8 C15H15NO4
    3,4-Dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-4-(phenylimino)-2H-furo(3,4-b)pyran-7(5H)-one N-oxide
    —— 3-[(1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]-2-hydroxy-5-methyl-benzenemethanol 116796-00-0 C12H14N2O2
    3-[(1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]-2-hydroxy-5-methyl-benzenemethanol
    —— 5-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione 5835-53-0 C10H7NO4S
    5-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione
    —— 2H-Thiopyran-4-ol, tetrahydro-3-((dimethylamino)methyl)-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-, hydrochloride, trans-(+-)- 119558-39-3 C14H22ClNO2S
    2H-Thiopyran-4-ol, tetrahydro-3-((dimethylamino)methyl)-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-, hydrochloride, trans-(+-)-
    —— 2-[2,4-Bis-(1,1-dimethyl-propyl)-phenoxy]-N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitro-phenyl)-butyramide 38881-04-8 C26H36N2O5
    2-[2,4-Bis-(1,1-dimethyl-propyl)-phenoxy]-N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitro-phenyl)-butyramide
    —— 4-[(4-Hydroxy-3-iodo-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1-phenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione 5006-12-2 C17H13IN2O4
    4-[(4-Hydroxy-3-iodo-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1-phenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione
    —— 2-(1,3,3a,4,5,6,7,7a-Octahydro-2-benzothiophen-2-ium-2-yl)benzene-1,4-diol 5006-93-9 C14H19O2S+
    2-(1,3,3a,4,5,6,7,7a-Octahydro-2-benzothiophen-2-ium-2-yl)benzene-1,4-diol
    —— 2-[(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)amino]-5-nitrophenol 6408-53-3 C12H12N4O3
    2-[(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)amino]-5-nitrophenol
    —— (E)-2-[1-(2-hydroxyethyl)pyridin-1-ium-4-yl]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-ene-1-sulfonate 111260-19-6 C16H17NO5S
    (E)-2-[1-(2-hydroxyethyl)pyridin-1-ium-4-yl]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-ene-1-sulfonate
    —— 3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-5-(p-methoxyphenyl)-2-pyrazoline 58721-60-1 C17H18N2O3
    3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-5-(p-methoxyphenyl)-2-pyrazoline
    —— 6-Amino-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(methoxymethyl)-1,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole-5-carbonitrile 309920-86-3 C15H14N4O3
    6-Amino-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(methoxymethyl)-1,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole-5-carbonitrile
    —— 1,2-Benzenediol, 4-[(S)-hydroxy-(2S)-2-piperidinylmethyl]- 739307-60-9 C12H17NO3
    1,2-Benzenediol, 4-[(S)-hydroxy-(2S)-2-piperidinylmethyl]-
    —— Tetraphenylene-1,8,9,16-tetrol 861906-74-3 C24H16O4
    Tetraphenylene-1,8,9,16-tetrol
    —— 3,4-dihydroxy-β-methyl-β-nitrostyrene 13662-96-9 C9H9NO4
    3,4-dihydroxy-β-methyl-β-nitrostyrene
    —— (3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl)methane 1190429-64-1 C18H22N4O2
    (3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl)methane
    —— 2,4-dibromo-6-[3-(4-methylphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]phenol 488852-63-7 C16H14Br2N2O
    2,4-dibromo-6-[3-(4-methylphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]phenol
    —— 3-(4-Hydroxy-2-methoxyphenoxy)-1,2-propanediol 1-carbamate 29541-95-5 C11H15NO6
    3-(4-Hydroxy-2-methoxyphenoxy)-1,2-propanediol 1-carbamate
    —— Sodium;benzene-1,4-diol;sulfurous acid 72207-92-2 C6H8NaO5S+
    Sodium;benzene-1,4-diol;sulfurous acid
    —— 1-Dodecanone, 1-(2-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)-, oxime 40867-42-3 C19H31NO2
    1-Dodecanone, 1-(2-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)-, oxime
    —— N-(β-hydroxyethyl)gallamide 74592-86-2 C9H11NO5
    N-(β-hydroxyethyl)gallamide
    —— 2-dimethylaminomethyl-5-nitrophenol 312748-23-5 C9H12N2O3
    2-dimethylaminomethyl-5-nitrophenol
    —— Butoxytris(methylphenolato)titanium 84119-56-2 C25H34O4Ti
    Butoxytris(methylphenolato)titanium
    —— 2-methoxy-3-(methylthio)phenol 127087-23-4 C8H10O2S
    2-methoxy-3-(methylthio)phenol
    —— Cyclopentanone, 2,5-bis[(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylene]- 61732-62-5 C19H12Br4O3
    Cyclopentanone, 2,5-bis[(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylene]-
    —— methyl 3-[(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)sulfanyl]propanoate 441764-30-3 C10H12O4S
    methyl 3-[(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)sulfanyl]propanoate
    —— D-isoproterenol D-bitartrate —— C4H6O6*C11H17NO3
    D-isoproterenol D-bitartrate
    —— 4-(Thiazolyl-2-azo)-6-methylresorcin 14383-24-5 C10H9N3O2S
    4-(Thiazolyl-2-azo)-6-methylresorcin
    —— 2-(2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)-N-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetamide 4194-12-1 C12H10N4O6
    2-(2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)-N-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetamide
    —— 1-(3-Hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-3-pentanone 106174-96-3 C14H20O3
    1-(3-Hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-3-pentanone
    —— 2-Nitro-4,6-di-t.-pentylphenol 23786-34-7 C16H25NO3
    2-Nitro-4,6-di-t.-pentylphenol
    —— N-3-methoxysalicyliden-4-nitroanilin 47074-10-2 C14H12N2O4
    N-3-methoxysalicyliden-4-nitroanilin
    —— ethyl 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-3H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 113521-49-6 C6H3N3O7*C11H19NO2
    ethyl 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-3H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— (2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydropyrrolizin-1-ylideneamino)thiourea;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 88485-16-9 C6H3N3O7*C8H14N4S
    (2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydropyrrolizin-1-ylideneamino)thiourea;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— Picric acid; compound with [2-(benzooxazol-2-yloxy)-ethyl]-dimethyl-amine 89114-18-1 C6H3N3O7*C11H14N2O2
    Picric acid; compound with [2-(benzooxazol-2-yloxy)-ethyl]-dimethyl-amine
    —— cyclohexyl N-[4-[[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl]amino]pentyl]carbamate;hydrochloride 88719-65-7 C20H32N2O5*ClH
    cyclohexyl N-[4-[[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl]amino]pentyl]carbamate;hydrochloride
    —— 3,5-Dinitro-4-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid potassium salt 74525-39-6 C6H4KN2O8S
    3,5-Dinitro-4-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid potassium salt
    —— 5-chloro-2-hydroxy-3-nitro-benzoic acid amide 89692-61-5 C7H5ClN2O4
    5-chloro-2-hydroxy-3-nitro-benzoic acid amide
    —— 2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydropyrrolizin-1-ylidenehydrazine;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 88485-12-5 C6H3N3O7*C7H13N3
    2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydropyrrolizin-1-ylidenehydrazine;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— 1-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2,3'-azo-1',2',4'-triazol 42379-14-6 C9H9N5O
    1-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2,3'-azo-1',2',4'-triazol
    —— 5-methyl-hexahydro-indolizin-7-one; picrate 858270-59-4 C6H3N3O7*C9H15NO
    5-methyl-hexahydro-indolizin-7-one; picrate
    —— Phenol, nonyl-, compd. with N1,N2-bis(2-aminoethyl)-1,2-ethanediamine (1:?) 68966-75-6 C21H42N4O
    Phenol, nonyl-, compd. with N1,N2-bis(2-aminoethyl)-1,2-ethanediamine (1:?)
    —— 2-methoxy-5-((pyridin-3-ylmethylimino)methyl)phenol 540511-73-7 C14H14N2O2
    2-methoxy-5-((pyridin-3-ylmethylimino)methyl)phenol
    —— 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylene]-3-oxo-7H-thiazolo[3,2-a]pyridine-6,8-dicarbonitrile 487024-91-9 C24H18N4O5S
    5-amino-2,3-dihydro-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylene]-3-oxo-7H-thiazolo[3,2-a]pyridine-6,8-dicarbonitrile
    —— 2-(4-Piperidin-1-yl-butylsulfanyl)-benzene-1,4-diol 123192-68-7 C15H23NO2S
    2-(4-Piperidin-1-yl-butylsulfanyl)-benzene-1,4-diol