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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 4-(2-Benzylamino-ethyl)-2-methoxy-phenol 107044-61-1 C16H19NO2
    4-(2-Benzylamino-ethyl)-2-methoxy-phenol
    —— 3-(4-Hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)-2-propenal 127321-19-1 C10H10O3
    3-(4-Hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)-2-propenal
    —— 4,5-dinitro-2-[β-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy]phenol 105780-37-8 C10H12N2O8
    4,5-dinitro-2-[β-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy]phenol
    —— 3-allyl-2,6-dimethylphenol 41389-60-0 C11H14O
    3-allyl-2,6-dimethylphenol
    —— 4-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)butan-2-one oxime —— C11H15NO3
    4-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)butan-2-one oxime
    —— 1-(2-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)-hex-2-en-1-one 41873-82-9 C13H16O2
    1-(2-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)-hex-2-en-1-one
    —— 2,2-dimethyl-propionic acid 4-[2-(3-chloro-propoxy)-ethyl]phenyl ester 890042-62-3 C16H23ClO3
    2,2-dimethyl-propionic acid 4-[2-(3-chloro-propoxy)-ethyl]phenyl ester
    —— 4-[2-(3-chloro-propoxy)-ethyl]-phenol 890042-61-2 C11H15ClO2
    4-[2-(3-chloro-propoxy)-ethyl]-phenol
    —— 3,4-dimethoxy-9-(3',5'-dimethoxy-4'-hydroxyphenyl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-benzo[7]annulene 1378239-12-3 C21H24O5
    3,4-dimethoxy-9-(3',5'-dimethoxy-4'-hydroxyphenyl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-benzo[7]annulene
    —— 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-9-(3',4'-dihydroxy-5'-methoxyphenyl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-benzo[7]annulene 1378239-13-4 C19H20O5
    3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-9-(3',4'-dihydroxy-5'-methoxyphenyl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-benzo[7]annulene
    —— 9-(4'-Hydroxy-3',5'-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-methoxy-6,7-dihydro-5H-benzo[7]annulen-4-ol 1378239-11-2 C20H22O5
    9-(4'-Hydroxy-3',5'-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-methoxy-6,7-dihydro-5H-benzo[7]annulen-4-ol
    —— (2E)-9-azabicyclo[6.1.0]non-2-ene;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 16484-15-4 C14H16N4O7
    (2E)-9-azabicyclo[6.1.0]non-2-ene;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— 4-chloro-3,5-dimethoxytoluene-2-ol 113523-87-8 C9H11ClO3
    4-chloro-3,5-dimethoxytoluene-2-ol
    —— 2-dodecyl-5-methyl-resorcinol monomethyl ether 60488-44-0 C20H34O2
    2-dodecyl-5-methyl-resorcinol monomethyl ether
    —— 2-dodecylorcinol 60488-55-3 C19H32O2
    2-dodecylorcinol
    —— 4-bromo-3-methoxy-5-methylphenol 34132-37-1 C8H9BrO2
    4-bromo-3-methoxy-5-methylphenol
    —— 2-bromo-3-hydroxy-5-methoxytoluene 34132-31-5 C8H9BrO2
    2-bromo-3-hydroxy-5-methoxytoluene
    —— 2-[(1R)-1-hydroxybut-3-enyl]phenol 1000781-28-1 C10H12O2
    2-[(1R)-1-hydroxybut-3-enyl]phenol
    —— ε-aminocaproyl-tyramine hydrochloride 76763-08-1 C14H22N2O2*ClH
    ε-aminocaproyl-tyramine hydrochloride
    —— 2-[(1S)-1-hydroxybut-3-enyl]phenol 1000781-27-0 C10H12O2
    2-[(1S)-1-hydroxybut-3-enyl]phenol
    —— 5-(8'Z,11'Z-heptadecadienyl)-1,3-benzenediol 138168-58-8 C23H36O2
    5-(8'Z,11'Z-heptadecadienyl)-1,3-benzenediol
    —— 1-(2-hydroxy-5-nitro-benzyl)-indoline 1262391-74-1 C15H14N2O3
    1-(2-hydroxy-5-nitro-benzyl)-indoline
    —— 4-hydroxybenzocyclobutene-1,2-dione 75833-48-6 C8H4O3
    4-hydroxybenzocyclobutene-1,2-dione
    —— 3-hydroxy-5-methylbenzocyclobutenedione 82431-23-0 C9H6O3
    3-hydroxy-5-methylbenzocyclobutenedione
    —— (E)-1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-5-((4-fluorobenzylimino)(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl)pyridin-2(1H)-one 1201816-88-7 C27H22F2N2O3
    (E)-1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-5-((4-fluorobenzylimino)(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl)pyridin-2(1H)-one
    —— (E)-1-benzyl-5-((benzylimino)(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl)pyridin-2(1H)-one 1201816-84-3 C27H24N2O3
    (E)-1-benzyl-5-((benzylimino)(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl)pyridin-2(1H)-one
    —— (E)-5-((2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)(pentylimino)methyl)-1-pentylpyridin-2(1H)-one 1201816-97-8 C23H32N2O3
    (E)-5-((2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)(pentylimino)methyl)-1-pentylpyridin-2(1H)-one
    —— (E)-5-((2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)(4-methoxybenzylimino)methyl)-1-(4-methoxybenzyl)pyridin-2(1H)-one 1201816-91-2 C29H28N2O5
    (E)-5-((2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)(4-methoxybenzylimino)methyl)-1-(4-methoxybenzyl)pyridin-2(1H)-one
    —— (E)-1-(3,4-difluorobenzyl)-5-((3,4-difluorobenzylimino)(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl)pyridin-2(1H)-one 1201816-90-1 C27H20F4N2O3
    (E)-1-(3,4-difluorobenzyl)-5-((3,4-difluorobenzylimino)(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl)pyridin-2(1H)-one
    —— (E)-5-((2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)(propylimino)methyl)-1-propylpyridin-2(1H)-one 1201816-95-6 C19H24N2O3
    (E)-5-((2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)(propylimino)methyl)-1-propylpyridin-2(1H)-one
    —— (E)-1-(2-fluorobenzyl)-5-((2-fluorobenzylimino)(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl)pyridin-2(1H)-one 1201816-85-4 C27H22F2N2O3
    (E)-1-(2-fluorobenzyl)-5-((2-fluorobenzylimino)(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl)pyridin-2(1H)-one
    —— (E)-5-((2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)(isopropylimino)methyl)-1-isopropylpyridin-2(1H)-one 1201816-98-9 C19H24N2O3
    (E)-5-((2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)(isopropylimino)methyl)-1-isopropylpyridin-2(1H)-one
    —— (E)-1-butyl-5-((butylimino)(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl)pyridin-2(1H)-one 1201816-96-7 C21H28N2O3
    (E)-1-butyl-5-((butylimino)(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl)pyridin-2(1H)-one
    —— (E)-5-((2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)(4-methylbenzylimino)methyl)-1-(4-methylbenzyl)pyridin-2(1H)-one 1201816-92-3 C29H28N2O3
    (E)-5-((2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)(4-methylbenzylimino)methyl)-1-(4-methylbenzyl)pyridin-2(1H)-one
    —— (E)-1-allyl-5-((allylimino)(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl)pyridin-2(1H)-one 1201816-99-0 C19H20N2O3
    (E)-1-allyl-5-((allylimino)(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl)pyridin-2(1H)-one
    —— (E)-1-cyclopropyl-5-((cyclopropylimino)(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl)pyridin-2(1H)-one 1201816-94-5 C19H20N2O3
    (E)-1-cyclopropyl-5-((cyclopropylimino)(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl)pyridin-2(1H)-one
    —— (E)-1-cyclohexyl-5-((cyclohexylimino)(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl)pyridin-2(1H)-one 1201816-93-4 C25H32N2O3
    (E)-1-cyclohexyl-5-((cyclohexylimino)(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl)pyridin-2(1H)-one
    —— 1-(4-fluoro-3-hydroxybenzyl)-3-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-1-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)urea 1246458-20-7 C21H26FN3O3
    1-(4-fluoro-3-hydroxybenzyl)-3-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-1-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)urea
    —— 1-(4-fluoro-2-hydroxybenzyl)-3-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-1-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)urea 1246458-21-8 C21H26FN3O3
    1-(4-fluoro-2-hydroxybenzyl)-3-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-1-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)urea
    —— 4‐(N‐adamantan‐1‐yl)‐1‐[1‐(2‐hydroxybenzylidene)]thiosemicarbazone 32403-31-9 C18H23N3OS
    4‐(N‐adamantan‐1‐yl)‐1‐[1‐(2‐hydroxybenzylidene)]thiosemicarbazone
    —— 5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-1,3-diphenylpyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione 300830-25-5 C24H18N2O5
    5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-1,3-diphenylpyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione
    —— α-methyl-2-hydroxy-5-nitrocinnamaldehyde 82380-83-4 C10H9NO4
    α-methyl-2-hydroxy-5-nitrocinnamaldehyde
    —— 1,4-dihydroxy-2-[(2H3)methyl]-3-methylbenzene 927833-50-9 C8H10O2
    1,4-dihydroxy-2-[(2H3)methyl]-3-methylbenzene
    —— 2-[(2H3)methyl]-3-methylphenol 927833-45-2 C8H10O
    2-[(2H3)methyl]-3-methylphenol
    —— bis(2-hydroxyphenyl)-tert-butylphosphine 77013-87-7 C16H19O2P
    bis(2-hydroxyphenyl)-tert-butylphosphine
    —— 2,4-difluoro-6-methoxyphenol 1193392-90-3 C7H6F2O2
    2,4-difluoro-6-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-[3-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl]-1-[6-methylpyridin-2-yl]-ethanone 813449-09-1 C14H12N2O4
    2-[3-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl]-1-[6-methylpyridin-2-yl]-ethanone
    —— [(3S)-3-(N-benzyloxycarbonyl)amino-3-methoxycarbonylpropyl][(2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrophenyl)hydroxymethyl]phosphinic acid 936234-67-2 C20H22N3O12P
    [(3S)-3-(N-benzyloxycarbonyl)amino-3-methoxycarbonylpropyl][(2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrophenyl)hydroxymethyl]phosphinic acid
    —— 2S-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propane-1,2-diol 640293-43-2 C10H14O4
    2S-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propane-1,2-diol
    —— 1,4-dihydroxy-2-methoxy-6-<(Z)-10'-pentadecenyl>benzene 148808-21-3 C22H36O3
    1,4-dihydroxy-2-methoxy-6-<(Z)-10'-pentadecenyl>benzene