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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-tert-Butyl-6-methoxy-4-[2-(5-methyl-isothiazol-3-yl)-vinyl]-phenol 131068-32-1 C17H21NO2S
    2-tert-Butyl-6-methoxy-4-[2-(5-methyl-isothiazol-3-yl)-vinyl]-phenol
    —— 4-((4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)(4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)amino)benzonitrile 537674-80-9 C17H15N5O2
    4-((4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)(4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)amino)benzonitrile
    —— 1-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl-methylamino]-1-phenyloctan-2-one 99365-53-4 C23H31NO3
    1-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl-methylamino]-1-phenyloctan-2-one
    —— (5Z)-5-[(4-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-(3-oxo-1,2-diazinan-1-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-4-one 1181082-41-6 C14H12FN3O3S
    (5Z)-5-[(4-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-(3-oxo-1,2-diazinan-1-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-4-one
    —— 2-[2-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)ethyl]-1,3,3,5-tetramethyl-3H-indolium chloride 1458033-58-3 C20H23N2O3*Cl
    2-[2-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)ethyl]-1,3,3,5-tetramethyl-3H-indolium chloride
    —— 2-allyl-4-bromo-6-methoxyphenol 352019-92-2 C10H11BrO2
    2-allyl-4-bromo-6-methoxyphenol
    —— 3-[1,3]dioxolan-2-yl-5-methoxyphenol 894077-48-6 C10H12O4
    3-[1,3]dioxolan-2-yl-5-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-(2-chloro-4-methoxyphenyl)ethanol 1246685-29-9 C9H11ClO2
    2-(2-chloro-4-methoxyphenyl)ethanol
    —— 4-hydroxy-2,3,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde 149143-80-6 C10H12O5
    4-hydroxy-2,3,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde
    —— 2-Chloro-5-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenylacetonitrile 81038-46-2 C9H8ClNO2
    2-Chloro-5-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenylacetonitrile
    —— 2,2-dimethyl-5-((4-hydroxy-2,3,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-methylene)-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione 149143-81-7 C16H18O8
    2,2-dimethyl-5-((4-hydroxy-2,3,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-methylene)-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione
    —— (2R)-2-amino-3-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)sulfanylpropanal —— C9H11NO3S
    (2R)-2-amino-3-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)sulfanylpropanal
    —— dimethylthiocarbamic acid O-{4-[2-(tert-butyldiphenylsilanyloxy)ethyl]-2,6-dichlorophenyl}ester 920509-72-4 C27H31Cl2NO2SSi
    dimethylthiocarbamic acid O-{4-[2-(tert-butyldiphenylsilanyloxy)ethyl]-2,6-dichlorophenyl}ester
    —— 4-[2-(tert-butyldiphenylsilanyloxy)ethyl]-2,6-dichlorophenol 920509-71-3 C24H26Cl2O2Si
    4-[2-(tert-butyldiphenylsilanyloxy)ethyl]-2,6-dichlorophenol
    —— dimethyl (4R,5R)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane-4,5-dicarboxylate 189322-76-7 C14H16O7
    dimethyl (4R,5R)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane-4,5-dicarboxylate
    —— dimethyl (4R,5R)-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3-dioxolane-4,5-dicarboxylate 189322-75-6 C13H14O7
    dimethyl (4R,5R)-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3-dioxolane-4,5-dicarboxylate
    —— N-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzyl)-3-(4-azidophenyl)propanamide 131119-05-6 C17H18N4O3
    N-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzyl)-3-(4-azidophenyl)propanamide
    —— N'-(2-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)benzenecarboximidamide 343969-28-8 C14H14N2O
    N'-(2-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)benzenecarboximidamide
    —— 2,3,6-trimethyl-2-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-hydroxyethyl)phenol 1321914-92-4 C11H13F3O2
    2,3,6-trimethyl-2-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-hydroxyethyl)phenol
    —— 4-(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)phenol 66123-44-2 C10H12O2
    4-(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)phenol
    —— Pharmakon1600-01503212 —— C18H24ClNO3
    Pharmakon1600-01503212
    —— 2-methoxy-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-hydroxyethyl)phenol 168130-83-4 C9H9F3O3
    2-methoxy-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-hydroxyethyl)phenol
    —— 4-bromo-2-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-hydroxyethyl)phenol 1321914-89-9 C8H6BrF3O2
    4-bromo-2-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-hydroxyethyl)phenol
    —— 4-fluoro-2-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-hydroxyethyl)phenol 1321914-87-7 C8H6F4O2
    4-fluoro-2-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-hydroxyethyl)phenol
    —— 2-Nitro-4-(phenyl-<i>NNO</i>-azoxy)-phenol 121972-97-2 C12H9N3O4
    2-Nitro-4-(phenyl-<i>NNO</i>-azoxy)-phenol
    —— (2R)-2-Hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)acetaldehyde 17592-23-3 C9H10O4
    (2R)-2-Hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)acetaldehyde
    —— 7-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyloctanal;2-methoxy-4-[(E)-prop-1-enyl]phenol 68921-35-7 C20H32O4
    7-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyloctanal;2-methoxy-4-[(E)-prop-1-enyl]phenol
    —— Octanal, 7-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-, reaction products with 2-methoxy-4-(2-propen-1-yl)phenol 68921-36-8 C20H32O4
    Octanal, 7-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-, reaction products with 2-methoxy-4-(2-propen-1-yl)phenol
    —— Sodium;3-amino-4-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzenesulfonate —— C6H5N2NaO6S
    Sodium;3-amino-4-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzenesulfonate
    —— N-benzyl-N-(2-p-hydroxyphenoxyethyl)-3-o-fluorophenoxy-2-hydroxypropylamine 107332-67-2 C24H26FNO4
    N-benzyl-N-(2-p-hydroxyphenoxyethyl)-3-o-fluorophenoxy-2-hydroxypropylamine
    —— 4-Nitro-2-amino-6-aethylphenol 53347-11-8 C8H10N2O3
    4-Nitro-2-amino-6-aethylphenol
    —— 2-nitro-5-(pentafluorosulfanyl)phenol 1329120-21-9 C6H4F5NO3S
    2-nitro-5-(pentafluorosulfanyl)phenol
    —— 6-hydroxy-2-phenyl-1,2-benzisoselenazol-3(2H)-one 81744-12-9 C13H9NO2Se
    6-hydroxy-2-phenyl-1,2-benzisoselenazol-3(2H)-one
    —— methyl 3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrophenylglyoxylate 125629-03-0 C9H7NO7
    methyl 3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrophenylglyoxylate
    —— gymnothelignan H 1401068-85-6 C23H28O8
    gymnothelignan H
    —— 2-chloro-3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitro-benzonitrile 125629-22-3 C7H3ClN2O4
    2-chloro-3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitro-benzonitrile
    —— 1,2-Benzenediol, 5-(methylsulfonyl)-3-nitro- 125628-92-4 C7H7NO6S
    1,2-Benzenediol, 5-(methylsulfonyl)-3-nitro-
    —— 4-Methoxy-2-((methylamino)methyl)phenol 937685-04-6 C9H13NO2
    4-Methoxy-2-((methylamino)methyl)phenol
    —— 4,4'-Oxybis(ethylenethio)diphenol 90884-29-0 C14H14O4S
    4,4'-Oxybis(ethylenethio)diphenol
    —— 2-[(2S)-2-propylhexyl]phenol —— C15H24O
    2-[(2S)-2-propylhexyl]phenol
    —— 3,5-dimethoxy-2-(4-methoxyphenylethynyl)phenol 1370002-29-1 C17H16O4
    3,5-dimethoxy-2-(4-methoxyphenylethynyl)phenol
    —— 2-hydroxy-4-(trans-2-nitropropenyl)phenol 134360-30-8 C9H9NO4
    2-hydroxy-4-(trans-2-nitropropenyl)phenol
    —— N'-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)stearohydrazide 186824-10-2 C25H42N2O2
    N'-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)stearohydrazide
    —— (3E)-3-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]oxolan-2-one 5431-89-0 C12H12O4
    (3E)-3-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]oxolan-2-one
    —— 2,5-dibutylphenol 69801-04-3 C14H22O
    2,5-dibutylphenol
    —— 4,4'-(diethylsilanediyl)bis(2-methylphenol) 1174553-01-5 C18H24O2Si
    4,4'-(diethylsilanediyl)bis(2-methylphenol)
    —— (R)-(-)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid isopropylester 164210-47-3 C12H16O3
    (R)-(-)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid isopropylester
    —— (R)-(-)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid ethoxycarbonylmethylester 164210-41-7 C13H16O5
    (R)-(-)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid ethoxycarbonylmethylester
    —— 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-5-isopropyl benzaldehyde 491851-43-5 C11H14O3
    3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-5-isopropyl benzaldehyde
    —— 2,4-Bis-hydroxymethyl-3-methyl-phenol 64032-86-6 C9H12O3
    2,4-Bis-hydroxymethyl-3-methyl-phenol