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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 4-Hydroxy-3-nitrophenylacetyl-epsilon-aminocaproic acid 10463-23-7 C14H18N2O6
    4-Hydroxy-3-nitrophenylacetyl-epsilon-aminocaproic acid
    —— N-<2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl>trifluoromethanesulfonamide 119481-60-6 C9H10F3NO3S
    N-<2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl>trifluoromethanesulfonamide
    —— 4-(3-allyl-2-hydroxy-benzylidene)-1,2-diphenyl-pyrazolidine-3,5-dione 114279-46-8 C25H20N2O3
    4-(3-allyl-2-hydroxy-benzylidene)-1,2-diphenyl-pyrazolidine-3,5-dione
    —— 2-[N-[2-[bis[2-[1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethylideneamino]ethyl]amino]ethyl]-C-methylcarbonimidoyl]phenol 116670-23-6 C30H36N4O3
    2-[N-[2-[bis[2-[1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethylideneamino]ethyl]amino]ethyl]-C-methylcarbonimidoyl]phenol
    —— (2-Hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)-(4-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl)methanone 934275-52-2 C13H17N3O4
    (2-Hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)-(4-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl)methanone
    —— Cyclopenta-1,3-diene;iron;2,4,6-trinitrophenolate —— C16H12FeN3O7-3
    Cyclopenta-1,3-diene;iron;2,4,6-trinitrophenolate
    —— 1-(3-Nitro-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-1-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-methanone 454471-72-8 C12H15N3O4
    1-(3-Nitro-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-1-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-methanone
    —— 4-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-methylbutanoic acid 1121760-03-9 C11H14O3
    4-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-methylbutanoic acid
    —— 1-oxy-isonicotinic acid vanillylidenehydrazide 100868-12-0 C14H13N3O4
    1-oxy-isonicotinic acid vanillylidenehydrazide
    —— Avarol F 130203-72-4 C21H30O3
    Avarol F
    —— 3-(3-chloro-1,2,4-triazin-5-yl)-2-methylphenol 1203605-19-9 C10H8ClN3O
    3-(3-chloro-1,2,4-triazin-5-yl)-2-methylphenol
    —— 2,4-dichloro-3-isopropyl-6-nitrophenol 103145-11-5 C9H9Cl2NO3
    2,4-dichloro-3-isopropyl-6-nitrophenol
    —— 2,5-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)thiophene 1430419-19-4 C18H16O2S
    2,5-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)thiophene
    —— 4-[(1S)-1-hydroxybut-3-enyl]phenol 1208070-27-2 C10H12O2
    4-[(1S)-1-hydroxybut-3-enyl]phenol
    —— (E)-3-(furan-2-yl)-1-(2-hydroxy-6-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one 24933-88-8 C14H12O4
    (E)-3-(furan-2-yl)-1-(2-hydroxy-6-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one
    —— 5-Methoxy-2-hydroxyhydrozimtalkohol 33538-76-0 C10H14O3
    5-Methoxy-2-hydroxyhydrozimtalkohol
    —— (1S,1'S)-N-(1'-phenylethyl)-1-(2''-hydroxy-6''-methoxyphenyl)ethylamine 128113-80-4 C17H21NO2
    (1S,1'S)-N-(1'-phenylethyl)-1-(2''-hydroxy-6''-methoxyphenyl)ethylamine
    —— p-Hydroxybenzaldimin 55135-85-8 C7H7NO
    p-Hydroxybenzaldimin
    —— (3-hydroxy-phenyl)-trimethyl-arsonium; iodide 6636-05-1 C9H14AsO*I
    (3-hydroxy-phenyl)-trimethyl-arsonium; iodide
    —— Peyssonol B 156848-68-9 C24H32O4
    Peyssonol B
    —— 1-(5-(3-amino-4-hydroxy-5-chlorophenyl)-3-(2-bromophenyl)-4,5-dihydropyrazol-1-yl)ethanone 1472646-04-0 C17H15BrClN3O2
    1-(5-(3-amino-4-hydroxy-5-chlorophenyl)-3-(2-bromophenyl)-4,5-dihydropyrazol-1-yl)ethanone
    —— 2-[5-(4-Methoxy-phenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-5-methyl-phenol 107095-37-4 C17H18N2O2
    2-[5-(4-Methoxy-phenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-5-methyl-phenol
    —— 5-Methyl-2-(5-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-phenol 107095-38-5 C16H16N2O
    5-Methyl-2-(5-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-phenol
    —— 3-(2-hydroxy-3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)propanol 106800-30-0 C11H16O4
    3-(2-hydroxy-3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)propanol
    —— 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl) prop-2-en-1-one 63421-85-2 C14H11NO6
    1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl) prop-2-en-1-one
    —— 2-(6-Hydroxy-hexyl)-5,6-dimethoxy-3-methyl-phenol 77712-33-5 C15H24O4
    2-(6-Hydroxy-hexyl)-5,6-dimethoxy-3-methyl-phenol
    —— 3-(3-hydroxy-2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)propanol 106800-32-2 C11H16O4
    3-(3-hydroxy-2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)propanol
    —— 3-(4-hydroxy-2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)propanol 106800-31-1 C11H16O4
    3-(4-hydroxy-2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)propanol
    —— (S)-N-Boc-noradrenaline 1044185-27-4 C13H19NO5
    (S)-N-Boc-noradrenaline
    —— 3-methoxy-4,5-dimethylphenol 146335-37-7 C9H12O2
    3-methoxy-4,5-dimethylphenol
    —— 13-Hydroxy-10-nitro-2-oxabicyclo<9.4.0>pentadeca-1(11),12,14-trien-3-on 105950-15-0 C14H17NO5
    13-Hydroxy-10-nitro-2-oxabicyclo<9.4.0>pentadeca-1(11),12,14-trien-3-on
    —— 1,2,3-Benzenetriol, 4-(3-methyl-7H-1,2,4-triazolo(3,4-b)(1,3,4)thiadiazin-6-yl)-, monohydrochloride 69560-92-5 C11H11ClN4O3S
    1,2,3-Benzenetriol, 4-(3-methyl-7H-1,2,4-triazolo(3,4-b)(1,3,4)thiadiazin-6-yl)-, monohydrochloride
    —— 3,5-bis(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)tetrahydropyran-4-one 405313-49-7 C19H16O6
    3,5-bis(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)tetrahydropyran-4-one
    —— 4-[(E)-Allyliminomethyl]-phenol 56896-71-0 C10H11NO
    4-[(E)-Allyliminomethyl]-phenol
    —— 2-Isopropyl-4,6-dimethyl-1,3,5-benzoltriol 100306-41-0 C11H16O3
    2-Isopropyl-4,6-dimethyl-1,3,5-benzoltriol
    —— (E)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-11-phenylundec-4-en-3-one 1360875-04-2 C23H28O2
    (E)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-11-phenylundec-4-en-3-one
    —— 5-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-11-phenylundecan-3-one 1360874-98-1 C24H32O4
    5-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-11-phenylundecan-3-one
    —— methyl 2-methoxyimino-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)acetate 66340-53-2 C10H11NO4
    methyl 2-methoxyimino-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)acetate
    —— 3-Hydroxy-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)isoxazole 76170-13-3 C9H7NO3
    3-Hydroxy-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)isoxazole
    —— 5-(6-Hydroxy-7,7-dimethyl-3a,4,5,6-tetrahydrofuro[3,2-g]chromen-2-yl)benzene-1,3-diol 102841-46-3 C19H20O5
    5-(6-Hydroxy-7,7-dimethyl-3a,4,5,6-tetrahydrofuro[3,2-g]chromen-2-yl)benzene-1,3-diol
    —— (4Z)-4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)-1-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-one 1333126-39-8 C19H17ClN2O4
    (4Z)-4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)-1-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-one
    —— 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1-bis[(R)-4,5-dihydro-4-phenyloxazoline-2-yl]-ethane 1374335-00-8 C26H24N2O3
    2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1-bis[(R)-4,5-dihydro-4-phenyloxazoline-2-yl]-ethane
    —— 2-heptadecyl-6-methoxyphenol 134284-28-9 C24H42O2
    2-heptadecyl-6-methoxyphenol
    —— (2S)-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methylbutanal 479495-46-0 C11H14O2
    (2S)-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methylbutanal
    —— Cobalt, ((alpha,alpha'-(ethylenedinitrilo)di-o-cresolato)(2-))(pyridine)-, stereoisomer 30227-50-0 C21H21CoN3O2+3
    Cobalt, ((alpha,alpha'-(ethylenedinitrilo)di-o-cresolato)(2-))(pyridine)-, stereoisomer
    —— 1-[3-[[2-(dimethylaminomethyl)-3-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-enyl]methoxymethyl]-2-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-enyl]-N,N-dimethyl-methanamine; picric acid 7497-33-8 C28H39N5O8
    1-[3-[[2-(dimethylaminomethyl)-3-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-enyl]methoxymethyl]-2-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-enyl]-N,N-dimethyl-methanamine; picric acid
    —— Cyclopentanone, 2,5-bis[(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)methylene]-, (2E,5E)- 672327-35-4 C19H16O7
    Cyclopentanone, 2,5-bis[(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)methylene]-, (2E,5E)-
    —— 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole picrate 7460-30-2 C2H4N4*C6H3N3O7
    3-amino-1,2,4-triazole picrate
    —— 2,5-dianilino-3,6-dichloro-hydroquinone 101716-14-7 C18H14Cl2N2O2
    2,5-dianilino-3,6-dichloro-hydroquinone
    —— 1,4-dihydroxy-2,5-di(methylamino)benzene 787511-60-8 C8H12N2O2
    1,4-dihydroxy-2,5-di(methylamino)benzene