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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 4-(5,6-Dihydro-4H-pyran-2-yl)-phenol 143144-60-9 C11H12O2
    4-(5,6-Dihydro-4H-pyran-2-yl)-phenol
    —— (2,3-dihydroxy-benzyl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester 756900-98-8 C12H17NO4
    (2,3-dihydroxy-benzyl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester
    —— 2-amino-3-chloro-5-methoxyphenol 440123-51-3 C7H8ClNO2
    2-amino-3-chloro-5-methoxyphenol
    —— sodium o-hydroxyphenthiolate —— C6H5OS*Na
    sodium o-hydroxyphenthiolate
    —— bromo-bis-(3-hydroxy-phenyl)-arsine 6308-60-7 C12H10AsBrO2
    bromo-bis-(3-hydroxy-phenyl)-arsine
    —— bis-(3-hydroxy-phenyl)-arsinic acid 6308-62-9 C12H11AsO4
    bis-(3-hydroxy-phenyl)-arsinic acid
    —— 4-heptafluoroisopropyl-3-methylphenol 353273-03-7 C10H7F7O
    4-heptafluoroisopropyl-3-methylphenol
    —— 4-formyl-3-(2-oxoethyl)-4-hexenoic acid 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl ester 151194-92-2 C17H20O5
    4-formyl-3-(2-oxoethyl)-4-hexenoic acid 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl ester
    —— 1-(4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)-3-methyl-2-buten-1-one 142337-50-6 C12H14O2
    1-(4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)-3-methyl-2-buten-1-one
    —— 1-(2-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)-3-methyl-2-buten-1-one 142337-65-3 C12H14O2
    1-(2-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)-3-methyl-2-buten-1-one
    —— 5-Amino-4-fluoro-2-(1-methylcycloheptyl)phenol 873055-50-6 C14H20FNO
    5-Amino-4-fluoro-2-(1-methylcycloheptyl)phenol
    —— 4-n-butyl-2-fluoro-5-methylphenol 1256550-19-2 C11H15FO
    4-n-butyl-2-fluoro-5-methylphenol
    —— 4-butyl-5-methylbenzene-1,2-diol 1256550-15-8 C11H16O2
    4-butyl-5-methylbenzene-1,2-diol
    —— methyl 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate 922151-72-2 C11H12O3
    methyl 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate
    —— 3-methyl-2-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)phenol 117658-44-3 C12H16O2
    3-methyl-2-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)phenol
    —— 4-bromo-2-(5-propylisoxazol-3-yl)phenol 1375102-95-6 C12H12BrNO2
    4-bromo-2-(5-propylisoxazol-3-yl)phenol
    —— 4-allyl-2-(5-propylisoxazol-3-yl)phenol 1375102-93-4 C15H17NO2
    4-allyl-2-(5-propylisoxazol-3-yl)phenol
    —— 5-methyl-2-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)phenol 117658-45-4 C12H16O2
    5-methyl-2-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)phenol
    —— 4-[1,3]Dithiolan-2-yl-3-methyl-phenol 80193-36-8 C10H12OS2
    4-[1,3]Dithiolan-2-yl-3-methyl-phenol
    —— 2,4-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-3-methyl-benzaldehyde 856077-16-2 C9H10O4
    2,4-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-3-methyl-benzaldehyde
    —— methyl [3-hydroxy-5-oxo-4-phenylfuran-2(5H)-ylidene](4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate 54805-73-1 C19H14O6
    methyl [3-hydroxy-5-oxo-4-phenylfuran-2(5H)-ylidene](4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate
    —— 3-methylphenyl-E-(3-hydroxy-5-methoxy)-styryl ether 960069-03-8 C16H16O3
    3-methylphenyl-E-(3-hydroxy-5-methoxy)-styryl ether
    —— 2-(4,5-dihydro-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-isoxazolyl)-6-methoxyphenol 58721-44-1 C17H17NO4
    2-(4,5-dihydro-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-isoxazolyl)-6-methoxyphenol
    —— ethyl (3-hydroxyphenyl)methylphosphinate 1219741-36-2 C9H13O3P
    ethyl (3-hydroxyphenyl)methylphosphinate
    —— 2-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(pyrrol-1"-yl)propionic acid 111751-81-6 C13H13NO3
    2-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(pyrrol-1"-yl)propionic acid
    —— (4-Hydroxy-2,3,6-trimethyl)-phenylessigsaeure-ethylester 128926-29-4 C13H18O3
    (4-Hydroxy-2,3,6-trimethyl)-phenylessigsaeure-ethylester
    —— Dobutamine tartrate 101626-66-8 C22H29NO9
    Dobutamine tartrate
    —— 5-Methyl-2-(tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-phenol 120649-47-0 C11H14O2
    5-Methyl-2-(tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-phenol
    —— (E)-diethyl α-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-β-[N-(2-pyrimidinyl)-amino]-vinylphosphonate 407583-31-7 C18H24N3O5P
    (E)-diethyl α-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-β-[N-(2-pyrimidinyl)-amino]-vinylphosphonate
    —— 3-[hydroxy(2-hydroxyphenyl)phosphinoyl]propylphosphonic acid 1391838-61-1 C9H14O6P2
    3-[hydroxy(2-hydroxyphenyl)phosphinoyl]propylphosphonic acid
    —— diethyl α-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-β-[N-(2-pyrimidinyl)-amino]-ethylphosphonate 407583-44-2 C18H26N3O5P
    diethyl α-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-β-[N-(2-pyrimidinyl)-amino]-ethylphosphonate
    —— diisopropyl α-formyl (3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxybenzyl)phosphonate 407584-07-0 C16H25O7P
    diisopropyl α-formyl (3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxybenzyl)phosphonate
    —— (3-benzo[b]furan-2-yl-5-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1-pyrazolyl)(4-pyridyl)methanone 1246467-84-4 C24H19N3O4
    (3-benzo[b]furan-2-yl-5-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1-pyrazolyl)(4-pyridyl)methanone
    —— (E)-diisopropyl α-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-β-[N-(2-pyrimidinyl)-amino]-vinylphosphonate 407583-27-1 C20H28N3O6P
    (E)-diisopropyl α-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-β-[N-(2-pyrimidinyl)-amino]-vinylphosphonate
    —— 2,4,5-trifluoro-6-nitrophenol 123271-00-1 C6H2F3NO3
    2,4,5-trifluoro-6-nitrophenol
    —— 2-(1,4,8,11-Tetraaza-cyclotetradec-5-yl)-phenol 98114-09-1 C16H28N4O
    2-(1,4,8,11-Tetraaza-cyclotetradec-5-yl)-phenol
    —— Benzyl thiouronium picrate 20614-10-2 C14H13N5O7S
    Benzyl thiouronium picrate
    —— 2-bromo-3-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)phenol 1160182-45-5 C9H9BrO3
    2-bromo-3-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)phenol
    —— 6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-vinyl-8,9-dihydro-7H-benzocyclohepten-2-ol 1143508-35-3 C19H18O2
    6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-vinyl-8,9-dihydro-7H-benzocyclohepten-2-ol
    —— 2,4-dibenzyloxy-3,6-dimethylphenol 258853-96-2 C22H22O3
    2,4-dibenzyloxy-3,6-dimethylphenol
    —— 3-Amino-tetrafluorphenol 31664-54-7 C6H3F4NO
    3-Amino-tetrafluorphenol
    —— 4-Perfluorohexyl-1,2-benzenediol 134285-01-1 C12H5F13O2
    4-Perfluorohexyl-1,2-benzenediol
    —— 2,6-bis(imidazol-1-yl)methyl-4-chlorophenol 154350-81-9 C14H13ClN4O
    2,6-bis(imidazol-1-yl)methyl-4-chlorophenol
    —— (E)-2-(hydroxyimino)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(thiazolidin-3-yl)propan-1-one 1395313-21-9 C12H14N2O3S
    (E)-2-(hydroxyimino)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(thiazolidin-3-yl)propan-1-one
    —— Bis-(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-sulfid 4103-68-8 C18H22O2S
    Bis-(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-sulfid
    —— 4-<(2-Carboxyethyl)thiomethyl>-2,6-xylenol 123431-83-4 C12H16O3S
    4-<(2-Carboxyethyl)thiomethyl>-2,6-xylenol
    —— 3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrobenzamide 134611-66-8 C7H6N2O5
    3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrobenzamide
    —— 4-chloro-3-hydroxy-5-nitro-benzonitrile 180031-16-7 C7H3ClN2O3
    4-chloro-3-hydroxy-5-nitro-benzonitrile
    —— 2-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methoxybenzaldehyde 111171-20-1 C9H10O4
    2-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methoxybenzaldehyde
    —— catechol-d2 15659-61-7 C6H6O2
    catechol-d2