酚类
酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。
结构与分类酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：
- 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
- 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
- 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
- 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
- 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
- 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
- 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
- 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
酚类可以通过多种途径制备：
- 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
- 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。
以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 4-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(3-cyclopentylpropanoyl)-6-ethyl-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one | 1224683-80-0 | C20H25ClN2O3 |
| —— | 4-{3-[3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-ethylisoxazol-5-yl]propanoyl}amino-1-ethylpyrrole-3-carboxylic acid | 1204422-46-7 | C21H23N3O5 |
| —— | 4,5-dichloro-2-(3-thiophen-2-yl-isoxazol-5-yl)-phenol | 60477-89-6 | C13H7Cl2NO2S |
| —— | 2,2-Dimethyl-propionic acid 2-hydroxy-5-nitro-benzyl ester | 40632-29-9 | C12H15NO5 |
| —— | 2-bromo-4-(((2-bromo-4,5-dimethylphenyl)imino)methyl)-6-methoxyphenol | 1253124-48-9 | C16H15Br2NO2 |
| —— | 3-methoxysalicylaldehyde-4(N)-methylthiosemicarbazone | 51146-65-7 | C10H13N3O2S |
| —— | 3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-α-methylamino-benzyl alcohol | 867133-92-4 | C9H12BrNO3 |
| —— | 2-[2-(Diethoxy-phosphoryl)-acetoxy]-3-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-propionic acid methyl ester | 203571-37-3 | C16H23O9P |
| —— | Phenol, 4-[[11-(4-ethenylphenoxy)undecyl]oxy]- | 480430-62-4 | C25H34O3 |
| —— | 66096-81-9 | C16H23NO2 | |
| —— | 1254097-09-0 | C33H45N3O10S | |
| —— | 2,6-dimethoxy-4-((2-(4-morpholino-6-(piperidin-1-yl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)hydrazineylidene)methyl)phenol | 908141-20-8 | C21H29N7O4 |
| —— | Nitro-isocymorcin | 91013-14-8 | C10H13NO4 |
| —— | 3,5-Diiodo-2,6-dimethoxy-4-methyl-phenol | 115592-79-5 | C9H10I2O3 |
| —— | 3-benzyloxy-5-methyl-1,2-benzenediol | 152898-03-8 | C14H14O3 |
| —— | 2-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)-5-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)cyclopentanone | 1440342-17-5 | C20H17BrO4 |
| —— | 1338380-87-2 | C16H17IO3 | |
| —— | 5-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-pentanenitrile | 129649-71-4 | C12H15NO |
| —— | 2-[1-(ethylsulfanyl)cyclopropyl]phenol | 499234-83-2 | C11H14OS |
| —— | Benzylamino-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl)-acetonitrile | 73022-20-5 | C16H15BrN2O2 |
| —— | 3-nitro-5-(4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)benzene-1,2-diol | 1391712-34-7 | C15H8F3N5O4 |
| —— | monosodium salt of 3-hydroxy-5-bromophenol | 71682-03-6 | C6H4BrO2*Na |
| —— | 5,11,17,23,29-pentamethyl-31,32,33,34,35-pentahydroxycalix<5>arene | 59288-62-9 | C40H40O5 |
| —— | 4-(5-chloro-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-6-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2<i>H</i>-[1,2,4]triazin-3-one | 62104-10-3 | C10H10ClN3O2 |
| —— | 2-<4-Nitro-2-hydroxy-phenyl>-1,3,4-oxdiazol | 89899-00-3 | C8H5N3O4 |
| —— | 4-[2-(3-methyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,2-diol | 1332498-17-5 | C11H10N2O3 |
| —— | 3,5-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-4-oxopiperidinium chloride | 886851-95-2 | C21H21NO5*ClH |
| —— | methyl 2-fluoro-5-hydroxyphenylacetate | 628333-59-5 | C9H9FO3 |
| —— | (C6H5)2Sn(C6H4-p-OH)2 | 35937-07-6 | C24H20O2Sn |
| —— | 4-(benzyloxy)-2-(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)phenol | 1416472-84-8 | C17H18O3 |
| —— | 5-((6-fluoroindolin-1-yl)methyl)-2-methoxyphenol | 1294010-72-2 | C16H16FNO2 |
| —— | 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene (5-phenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)hydrazine | 931383-90-3 | C16H14N4O2S |
| —— | N-(2-hydroxy-3-methylbenzylidene)-P,P-diphenylphosphinothioic amide | 1093349-11-1 | C20H18NOPS |
| —— | 3,5-Bis(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)isoxazole hydrobromide | 1204141-48-9 | BrH*C15H11NO5 |
| —— | 3-[2-(N,N-diethylamino)ethoxycarbonyl]-5-[1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzoyl)-4,4-dimethyl-6-quinolyl]-6-methyl-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3,4-thiadiazin-2-one | 1226561-53-0 | C30H38N4O6S |
| —— | 3-(2-chloro-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-5-methyl-isoxazole-4-carboxylic acid | 4414-57-7 | C11H8ClNO4 |
| —— | 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(1-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)thiophene-2-carbaldehyde oxime | 1360604-84-7 | C16H14N2O2S |
| —— | 5,5'-((hexane-1,6-diylbis(azanediyl))bis(methylene))bis(2-methoxyphenol) | 1360453-46-8 | C22H32N2O4 |
| —— | S-(-)-1-{4-[2-(allyloxy)-ethyl]phenoxy}-3-isopropylamino propan-2-ol hydrochloride | 874187-39-0 | C17H27NO3*ClH |
| —— | 3.5-Diaethyl-4-<2-hydroxy-phenyl>-isoxazol | 1018-49-1 | C13H15NO2 |
| —— | 3-Methoxy-2-amyloxy-phenol | 100520-87-4 | C12H18O3 |
| —— | 2-((5-mercapto-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-ylimino) methyl) phenol | 179034-58-3 | C9H8N4OS |
| —— | 2-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(4-hexylphenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole | 136888-99-8 | C20H21FN2OS |
| —— | ethyl-3-<4-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-oxo-2,5-dihydro-2-furyl>propionic acid | 100475-14-7 | C13H12O6 |
| —— | (I(2)R)-I(2)-Amino-4-chloro-2-hydroxy-3-methylbenzenepropanenitrile | 1213577-93-5 | C10H11ClN2O |
| —— | 2-bromo-4-(((2-bromo-4,6-dimethylphenyl)imino)methyl)-6-methoxyphenol | 1253124-47-8 | C16H15Br2NO2 |
| —— | (2S,4R,6S)-2-(4''-hydroxy-3''-methoxyphenethyl)-6-(3'''-bromo-4'''-hydroxy-5'''-methoxyphenyl)tetrahydropyran-4-yl-3''''-(4'''''-methoxyphenyl)propyl carbonate | 1440432-10-9 | C32H37BrO9 |
| —— | N.N'-<5-Methoxy-6-hydroxy-isophthalyliden>-bis-<n-propylamin> | 15333-97-8 | C15H22N2O2 |
| —— | 2-(2-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid | 81720-84-5 | C8H7ClO3 |
| —— | 2-butyl-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-methoxy-5-methylphenol | 946861-09-2 | C13H20O3 |
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
- 12
- 13
- 14
- 15
- 16
- 17
- 18
- 19
- 20
- 21
- 22
- 23
- 24
- 25
- 26
- 27
- 28
- 29
- 30
- 31
- 32
- 33
- 34
- 35
- 36
- 37
- 38
- 39
- 40
- 41
- 42
- 43
- 44
- 45
- 46
- 47
- 48
- 49
- 50
- 51
- 52
- 53
- 54
- 55
- 56
- 57
- 58
- 59
- 60
- 61
- 62
- 63
- 64
- 65
- 66
- 67
- 68
- 69
- 70
- 71
- 72
- 73
- 74
- 75
- 76
- 77
- 78
- 79
- 80
- 81
- 82
- 83
- 84
- 85
- 86
- 87
- 88
- 89
- 90
- 91
- 92
- 93
- 94
- 95
- 96
- 97
- 98
- 99
- 100
- 101
- 102
- 103
- 104
- 105
- 106
- 107
- 108
- 109
- 110
- 111
- 112
- 113
- 114
- 115
- 116
- 117
- 118
- 119
- 120
- 121
- 122
- 123
- 124
- 125
- 126
- 127
- 128
- 129
- 130
- 131
- 132
- 133
- 134
- 135
- 136
- 137
- 138
- 139
- 140
- 141
- 142
- 143
- 144
- 145
- 146
- 147
- 148
- 149
- 150
- 151
- 152
- 153
- 154
- 155
- 156
- 157
- 158
- 159
- 160
- 161
- 162
- 163
- 164
- 165
- 166
- 167
- 168
- 169
- 170
- 171
- 172
- 173
- 174
- 175
- 176
- 177
- 178
- 179
- 180
- 181
- 182
- 183
- 184
- 185
- 186
- 187
- 188
- 189
- 190
- 191
- 192
- 193
- 194
- 195
- 196
- 197
- 198
- 199
- 200
- 201
- 202
- 203
- 204
- 205
- 206
- 207
- 208
- 209
- 210
- 211
- 212
- 213
- 214
- 215
- 216
- 217
- 218
- 219
- 220
- 221
- 222
- 223
- 224
- 225
- 226
- 227
- 228
- 229
- 230
- 231
- 232
- 233
- 234
- 235
- 236
- 237
- 238
- 239
- 240
- 241
- 242
- 243
- 244
- 245
- 246
- 247
- 248
- 249
- 250
- 251
- 252
- 253
- 254
- 255
- 256
- 257
- 258
- 259
- 260
- 261
- 262
- 263
- 264
- 265
- 266
- 267
- 268
- 269
- 270
- 271
- 272
- 273
- 274
- 275
- 276
- 277
- 278
- 279
- 280
- 281
- 282
- 283
- 284
- 285
- 286
- 287
- 288
- 289
- 290
- 291
- 292
- 293
- 294
- 295
- 296
- 297
- 298
- 299
- 300
- 301
联系我们
关注我们
公众号
