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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-(2-hydroxy-4,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-2-methyl-3-<i>o</i>-tolyl-thiazolidin-4-one 67867-96-3 C19H21NO2S
    2-(2-hydroxy-4,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-2-methyl-3-<i>o</i>-tolyl-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 3,5,6-Trimethyl-2-nitrosophenol 69688-81-9 C9H11NO2
    3,5,6-Trimethyl-2-nitrosophenol
    —— 1.5-Bis-(2-hydroxy-5-methylaminophenyl)-pentan 10400-59-6 C19H26N2O2
    1.5-Bis-(2-hydroxy-5-methylaminophenyl)-pentan
    —— O,O-Methyl-propyl-1-(5-brom-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-2-butenylphosphonat 40468-47-1 C14H20BrO5P
    O,O-Methyl-propyl-1-(5-brom-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-2-butenylphosphonat
    —— 2-[(3,5-Dimethyl-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)iminomethyl]-4-nitrophenol 1174905-03-3 C11H11N5O3
    2-[(3,5-Dimethyl-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)iminomethyl]-4-nitrophenol
    —— 5-(5-hydroxy-2-iodo-benzylidene)-3-phenyl-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-4-one 94027-59-5 C16H10INO2S2
    5-(5-hydroxy-2-iodo-benzylidene)-3-phenyl-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— N-(5-chlorosalicylidene)-3-aminopyridine 115842-89-2 C12H9ClN2O
    N-(5-chlorosalicylidene)-3-aminopyridine
    —— (Z)-(5,6-dihydro-1,4,2-dioxazin-3-yl)(2-hydroxyphenyl)methanone O-methyl oxime 169153-13-3 C11H12N2O4
    (Z)-(5,6-dihydro-1,4,2-dioxazin-3-yl)(2-hydroxyphenyl)methanone O-methyl oxime
    —— 2-(1,2,4-Triazol-1-yliminomethyl)phenol 324033-07-0 C9H8N4O
    2-(1,2,4-Triazol-1-yliminomethyl)phenol
    —— 2-Methoxy-4-(2-methoxy-4-propyl-phenoxymethyl)-phenol 36382-97-5 C18H22O4
    2-Methoxy-4-(2-methoxy-4-propyl-phenoxymethyl)-phenol
    —— 1,3-bis[(3-hydroxy-4-acetylamino-6-methoxyphenylcarbamoyl)methyl]-3H-imidazol-1-ium chloride 286403-79-0 C25H29N6O8*Cl
    1,3-bis[(3-hydroxy-4-acetylamino-6-methoxyphenylcarbamoyl)methyl]-3H-imidazol-1-ium chloride
    —— 1-[3-(2-{3-[2-(1-Acetyl-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-3-hydroxy-phenoxy]-2-hydroxy-propoxy}-6-hydroxy-phenyl)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-pyrazol-1-yl]-ethanone 146138-66-1 C37H36N4O7
    1-[3-(2-{3-[2-(1-Acetyl-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-3-hydroxy-phenoxy]-2-hydroxy-propoxy}-6-hydroxy-phenyl)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-pyrazol-1-yl]-ethanone
    —— N-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-N'-(2-mercapto-ethyl)-guanidine 67453-92-3 C9H13N3OS
    N-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-N'-(2-mercapto-ethyl)-guanidine
    —— 2-Methyl-5-[2]pyridylamino-phenol 100142-25-4 C12H12N2O
    2-Methyl-5-[2]pyridylamino-phenol
    —— 2-(5-(4-bromophenyl)-4,5-dihydroisoxazol-3-yl)-4-methylphenol 1233481-39-4 C16H14BrNO2
    2-(5-(4-bromophenyl)-4,5-dihydroisoxazol-3-yl)-4-methylphenol
    —— 3,6,9,17,20,23-hexaaza-29,30-dihydroxy-13,27-dimethyltricyclo[23,3,1,1(11,15)]triaconta-1(28),11,13,15(30),25,26-hexaene 226714-05-2 C26H42N6O2
    3,6,9,17,20,23-hexaaza-29,30-dihydroxy-13,27-dimethyltricyclo[23,3,1,1(11,15)]triaconta-1(28),11,13,15(30),25,26-hexaene
    —— 2-fluoro-4-iodo-6-nitrophenol 58349-04-5 C6H3FINO3
    2-fluoro-4-iodo-6-nitrophenol
    —— 5-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-hexanenitrile 129649-98-5 C12H15NO
    5-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-hexanenitrile
    —— 1(3,5-Dibrom-2-hydroxybenzylidenamino)-ethan-2-ol 4936-85-0 C9H9Br2NO2
    1(3,5-Dibrom-2-hydroxybenzylidenamino)-ethan-2-ol
    —— 2,2'-Dihydroxy-benzilsaeure-methylester 108475-98-5 C15H14O5
    2,2'-Dihydroxy-benzilsaeure-methylester
    —— triphenylantimony bis(5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzaldoximate) 862672-11-5 C32H25Br2N2O4Sb
    triphenylantimony bis(5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzaldoximate)
    —— 1380332-27-3 C13H18O2
    —— 2'.5'-Dihydroxy-3'.4'-dimethylphenylessigsaeureethylester 67405-55-4 C12H16O4
    2'.5'-Dihydroxy-3'.4'-dimethylphenylessigsaeureethylester
    —— 1-acetyl-4-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-2-phenyl-1<i>H</i>-benzo[<i>b</i>][1,4]diazepine 65897-78-1 C23H18N2O2
    1-acetyl-4-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-2-phenyl-1<i>H</i>-benzo[<i>b</i>][1,4]diazepine
    —— 2-(3',4',5'-Trimethoxyphenyl)-4-hydroxy-6-methylpyrimidin 4267-29-2 C14H16N2O4
    2-(3',4',5'-Trimethoxyphenyl)-4-hydroxy-6-methylpyrimidin
    —— 4-Chloro-2-methyl-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenol 948592-55-0 C13H18BClO3
    4-Chloro-2-methyl-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenol
    —— 2,2'-((15,35,55,75-tetra-tert-butyl-32,72-dihydroxy-1,3,5,7(1,3)-tetrabenzenacyclooctaphane-12,52-diyl)bis(oxy))bis(N-((S)-3-(dibenzylamino)-2-hydroxypropyl)acetamide) 1357474-69-1 C82H100N4O8
    2,2'-((15,35,55,75-tetra-tert-butyl-32,72-dihydroxy-1,3,5,7(1,3)-tetrabenzenacyclooctaphane-12,52-diyl)bis(oxy))bis(N-((S)-3-(dibenzylamino)-2-hydroxypropyl)acetamide)
    —— 2-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylamino)indan 133276-14-9 C17H19NO2
    2-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylamino)indan
    —— S-phenylisothiouronium picrate 15267-42-2 C6H3N3O7*C7H8N2S
    S-phenylisothiouronium picrate
    —— 2,4-diisopropyl-6-(3'-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazane-3-one 1114888-84-4 C14H22N4O2
    2,4-diisopropyl-6-(3'-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazane-3-one
    —— (S)-N-propylnoradrenaline hydrochloride 1044504-87-1 C11H17NO3*ClH
    (S)-N-propylnoradrenaline hydrochloride
    —— 4-(5-(butylamino)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-2,6-dimethylphenol 1220708-69-9 C14H19N3OS
    4-(5-(butylamino)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-2,6-dimethylphenol
    —— 1193988-16-7 C22H32N2O5
    —— 2,6-difluoro-N-(2,3:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-α-D-mannofuranosyl)[2-hydroxy-4-(phenylmethoxy)phenyl]methanimine N-oxide 191280-99-6 C26H29F2NO8
    2,6-difluoro-N-(2,3:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-α-D-mannofuranosyl)[2-hydroxy-4-(phenylmethoxy)phenyl]methanimine N-oxide
    —— 1-(2,3-Dihydroxyphenoxy)-3-isopropylamino-2-propanol 51169-95-0 C12H19NO4
    1-(2,3-Dihydroxyphenoxy)-3-isopropylamino-2-propanol
    —— 5-(aminomethyl)-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-benzo[7]annulene-2,3-diol;hydrobromide 97352-14-2 BrH*C12H17NO2
    5-(aminomethyl)-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-benzo[7]annulene-2,3-diol;hydrobromide
    —— 2-fluoro-4-(2-(4-hydroxybenzyI)butyl)phenol 1216910-91-6 C17H19FO2
    2-fluoro-4-(2-(4-hydroxybenzyI)butyl)phenol
    —— N,N'-bis(2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzyl)-1,4-bis(3-iminopropyl)piperazine 1277164-46-1 C26H36N4O2
    N,N'-bis(2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzyl)-1,4-bis(3-iminopropyl)piperazine
    —— 4-{[(E)-4,5-Diphenyl-thiazol-2-ylimino]-methyl}-2-methoxy-phenol 89405-40-3 C23H18N2O2S
    4-{[(E)-4,5-Diphenyl-thiazol-2-ylimino]-methyl}-2-methoxy-phenol
    —— (Z)-1-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-5-methylenepiperazine-2,5-dione 82202-63-9 C12H10N2O4
    (Z)-1-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-5-methylenepiperazine-2,5-dione
    —— 2-(cyclohexylideneamino)phenol 94105-59-6 C12H15NO
    2-(cyclohexylideneamino)phenol
    —— 2-(4-hydroxysalicylideneamino)-1-ethanol 155846-34-7 C9H11NO3
    2-(4-hydroxysalicylideneamino)-1-ethanol
    —— 75620-97-2 C20H33NO2
    —— 5-amino-2,3-difluorophenol 1356339-34-8 C6H5F2NO
    5-amino-2,3-difluorophenol
    —— Methyl-5-chlordithiosalicylat 31314-91-7 C8H7ClOS2
    Methyl-5-chlordithiosalicylat
    —— N-(Carbomoylpentamethylene)-4-hydroxybenzamidiniumchlorid 83306-79-0 C13H19N3O2*ClH
    N-(Carbomoylpentamethylene)-4-hydroxybenzamidiniumchlorid
    —— 7-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-3-methyl-[1,3,4]thiadiazolo[2,3-c][1,2,4]triazin-4-one 1228146-70-0 C11H8N4O2S
    7-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-3-methyl-[1,3,4]thiadiazolo[2,3-c][1,2,4]triazin-4-one
    —— 4-(3-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydroisoxazol-5-yl)-2-methoxyphenol 1161948-71-5 C16H13Cl2NO3
    4-(3-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydroisoxazol-5-yl)-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 3-(2,4-dihydroxybenzyl)-1-propylpyrrolidine-2,5-dione 1383105-56-3 C14H17NO4
    3-(2,4-dihydroxybenzyl)-1-propylpyrrolidine-2,5-dione
    —— 1-amino-3-(2,4-dihydroxybenzyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione 1383105-46-1 C11H12N2O4
    1-amino-3-(2,4-dihydroxybenzyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione