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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-(1-(5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-4-methylphenol 1428638-19-0 C25H22N4O2S
    2-(1-(5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-4-methylphenol
    —— 1-(1-Chloropropan-2-yl)-2-methylazepane;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 7468-70-4 C16H23ClN4O7
    1-(1-Chloropropan-2-yl)-2-methylazepane;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— 4-ethoxypropylphenol 117694-89-0 C11H16O2
    4-ethoxypropylphenol
    —— 2-(4-Bromo-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-2-hydroxy-propionic acid ethyl ester 89666-20-6 C11H13BrO4
    2-(4-Bromo-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-2-hydroxy-propionic acid ethyl ester
    —— 2-Hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)-propionic acid ethyl ester 89666-13-7 C12H16O4
    2-Hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)-propionic acid ethyl ester
    —— Ethyl α-(2-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)-lactate 89666-07-9 C12H16O4
    Ethyl α-(2-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)-lactate
    —— 2-(3-Chloro-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-2-hydroxy-propionic acid ethyl ester 89666-21-7 C11H13ClO4
    2-(3-Chloro-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-2-hydroxy-propionic acid ethyl ester
    —— N-[3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propyl]methanesulfonamide 1261033-20-8 C10H15NO3S
    N-[3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propyl]methanesulfonamide
    —— 2-methyl-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzene-1,3-diol 253604-40-9 C13H19BO4
    2-methyl-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 2-bromo-4-hydroxy-5,6-dimethoxy-isophthalaldehyde 7505-82-0 C10H9BrO5
    2-bromo-4-hydroxy-5,6-dimethoxy-isophthalaldehyde
    —— 2,3-dihydroxyacetanilide 93525-21-4 C8H9NO3
    2,3-dihydroxyacetanilide
    —— 1-((2,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)amino)imidazolidine-2,4-dione 49622-72-2 C10H9N3O4
    1-((2,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)amino)imidazolidine-2,4-dione
    —— 6,9-Diazoniadispiro[5.2.79.26]octadecane;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 7468-20-4 C22H35N5O7+2
    6,9-Diazoniadispiro[5.2.79.26]octadecane;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— 3-[Ethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]propan-1-ol;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 7500-33-6 C13H20N4O9
    3-[Ethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]propan-1-ol;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— chloropupukeanolide E 1287228-17-4 C32H33ClO11
    chloropupukeanolide E
    —— 2-(2,4-Dihydroxy-phenyl)-2-hydroxy-propionic acid ethyl ester 88112-00-9 C11H14O5
    2-(2,4-Dihydroxy-phenyl)-2-hydroxy-propionic acid ethyl ester
    —— 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-(1-aethylmercapto-aethyl)-benzol 7478-92-4 C11H16O2S
    4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-(1-aethylmercapto-aethyl)-benzol
    —— [N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitro)phenyl]malonamic acid 252189-12-1 C9H8N2O6
    [N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitro)phenyl]malonamic acid
    —— 3-Hydroxy-benzosuberan-ol-(5) 7507-96-2 C11H14O2
    3-Hydroxy-benzosuberan-ol-(5)
    —— 2,6-Bis[(benzylamino)methyl]benzene-1,4-diol 7463-05-0 C22H24N2O2
    2,6-Bis[(benzylamino)methyl]benzene-1,4-diol
    —— 2,3-Bis-(benzylamino-methyl)-hydrochinon 7462-44-4 C22H24N2O2
    2,3-Bis-(benzylamino-methyl)-hydrochinon
    —— 2-[1-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethylsulfanyl]acetic acid 7478-94-6 C11H14O4S
    2-[1-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethylsulfanyl]acetic acid
    —— 1-(1-Cyano-1-phenyl-2-propoxyethyl)-1-methylurea;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 7404-10-6 C20H22N6O9
    1-(1-Cyano-1-phenyl-2-propoxyethyl)-1-methylurea;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— 5-(3-Bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)pentanoic acid 7508-03-4 C12H15BrO4
    5-(3-Bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)pentanoic acid
    —— 1,3-Bis-(o-hydroxyphenyl)-tetramethyldisiloxan 37480-91-4 C16H22O3Si2
    1,3-Bis-(o-hydroxyphenyl)-tetramethyldisiloxan
    —— 3-Fluoro-4-methylpyridine;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 320-80-9 C12H9FN4O7
    3-Fluoro-4-methylpyridine;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— N-(5-aminopentyl)benzamide; 2,4,6-trinitrophenol 7476-78-0 C18H21N5O8
    N-(5-aminopentyl)benzamide; 2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— 3-chloro-N,N-dimethylcyclohexan-1-amine;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 7461-56-5 C14H19ClN4O7
    3-chloro-N,N-dimethylcyclohexan-1-amine;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— 4-N,4-N-dimethylcyclohexane-1,4-diamine;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 7461-57-6 C14H21N5O7
    4-N,4-N-dimethylcyclohexane-1,4-diamine;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— p-hydroxybenzyl(α-hydroxy)phosphonic acid 69796-30-1 C7H9O5P
    p-hydroxybenzyl(α-hydroxy)phosphonic acid
    —— 6-(o-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methyl-1-hexene 78167-58-5 C13H18O
    6-(o-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methyl-1-hexene
    —— 3-Methyl-1,5,6,7,8,8a-hexahydroimidazo[1,5-a]pyridine;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 7511-10-6 C14H17N5O7
    3-Methyl-1,5,6,7,8,8a-hexahydroimidazo[1,5-a]pyridine;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— N',N'-diethylpropane-1,3-diamine;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 7505-16-0 C13H21N5O7
    N',N'-diethylpropane-1,3-diamine;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— 5-Hydroxy-tricyclo[8.2.1.0<sup>3,8</sup>]trideca-3,5,7-trien-13-one oxime 77955-02-3 C13H15NO2
    5-Hydroxy-tricyclo[8.2.1.0<sup>3,8</sup>]trideca-3,5,7-trien-13-one oxime
    —— Butyl carbamimidothioate;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 2788-59-2 C11H15N5O7S
    Butyl carbamimidothioate;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— benzene-1,3,5-triol;ethyl N'-phenylcarbamimidothioate 7505-30-8 C15H18N2O3S
    benzene-1,3,5-triol;ethyl N'-phenylcarbamimidothioate
    —— 1-(1H-indol-2-yl)-N,N-dimethylmethanamine;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 7511-15-1 C17H17N5O7
    1-(1H-indol-2-yl)-N,N-dimethylmethanamine;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— N-[3-(diethylamino)propyl]-N-(2-nitrophenyl)acetamide;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 7702-73-0 C21H26N6O10
    N-[3-(diethylamino)propyl]-N-(2-nitrophenyl)acetamide;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— 4-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imiazol-2-yl)-2-nitrophenol 182932-72-5 C9H9N3O3
    4-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imiazol-2-yl)-2-nitrophenol
    —— 4-<(dimethylamino)methyl>-2,6-dimethoxy-3,5-bis(methylthio)phenol 115319-94-3 C13H21NO3S2
    4-<(dimethylamino)methyl>-2,6-dimethoxy-3,5-bis(methylthio)phenol
    —— 4-<(dimethylamino)methyl>-2,6-dimethoxy-3-(methylthio)phenol 115319-90-9 C12H19NO3S
    4-<(dimethylamino)methyl>-2,6-dimethoxy-3-(methylthio)phenol
    —— 5-deuterio-4-<(dimethylamino)methyl>-2,6-dimethoxy-3-(methylthio)phenol 115319-95-4 C12H19NO3S
    5-deuterio-4-<(dimethylamino)methyl>-2,6-dimethoxy-3-(methylthio)phenol
    —— 4,5-Bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2,3-thiadiazole 94843-17-1 C14H10N2O2S
    4,5-Bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2,3-thiadiazole
    —— 4-Chloro-3-pentylphenol 7495-70-7 C11H15ClO
    4-Chloro-3-pentylphenol
    —— 5-[5-[4-[[4,6-Bis(4-methoxyanilino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]phenyl]-2-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)-3,4-dihydropyrazol-3-yl]-2-methoxyphenol 1422249-76-0 C39H34N10O8
    5-[5-[4-[[4,6-Bis(4-methoxyanilino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]phenyl]-2-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)-3,4-dihydropyrazol-3-yl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 5-[3-[4-[[4,6-Bis(4-methoxyanilino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-1,2-thiazol-5-yl]-2-methoxyphenol 1422249-64-6 C33H31N7O4S
    5-[3-[4-[[4,6-Bis(4-methoxyanilino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-1,2-thiazol-5-yl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-Nitro-4-(2'-nitroethenyl) phenol —— C8H6N2O5
    2-Nitro-4-(2'-nitroethenyl) phenol
    —— (4E)-4-[2-(5-Amino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)hydrazinylidene]-3-hydroxycyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one 60592-95-2 C8H7N5O2S
    (4E)-4-[2-(5-Amino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)hydrazinylidene]-3-hydroxycyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one
    —— (3-hydroxyphenyl)(5-phenylthiophen-2-yl)methanethione 1617505-94-8 C17H12OS2
    (3-hydroxyphenyl)(5-phenylthiophen-2-yl)methanethione
    —— 3-((5-phenylthiophen-2-yl)methyl)phenol 1617505-95-9 C17H14OS
    3-((5-phenylthiophen-2-yl)methyl)phenol